Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

honey

Semantic Field
food
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
miel
Meaning Portuguese
mel

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla miyeł honey loan Spanish WW %miel simplex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño piske'nish honey, sugar, sweet unique maybe sweet-bite-cause?? other complex old compound, not retrievable, pisa-ke7na Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño $a$angla po'aw honey unique phrase bee its juice Elliott 1999
Gabrielino awe:' (H) honey unique Hill Harrington notes transcr 307, 550 sugar, dulce other complex Merriam 49:111
Serrano pīhč honey inheritance *pisa(L) Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2259 other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk piha-č sugar, honey inheritance *pisa(L) Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2259 other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal missing missing
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu haani-ži-piha=ina honey unique I think other Numic may have same compound w/ diff elements compound bee-sugar=? Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi missing missing
Southern Paiute missing missing
Southern Ute pia-muura-pi pia-7waa-vI honey, bee's honey unique compound, other complex sweet-fly-little (muu-raa)=sweet-juice-abs Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone pihnaapin, pihyaapin honey, sugar, sweets inheritance *pisa(L) Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 2259 other complex pihnaa, pihyaa 'sweet' Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone paijan bee, honey semantic shift painan in west; is this word for 'bee' anywhere else? simplex Miller 1972
Comanche yny bihnaa honey inheritance *pisaC Uto-Aztean phrase bug sugar R
Western Mono missing missing
Northern Paiute nodda pehabe honey inheritance *pisaC Uto-Aztecan phrase nodda bee Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok hani- honey loan English WW %honey simplex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok missing missing
Northern Sierra Miwok cu7cuj-u- sweet; jelly; honey; sugar; anything sweet semantic shift Proto-Eastern Miwok also hane- 'bee, honey' 58 other complex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok susu cu7cuj7is honey (sweetness of the bee) unique has Pmie 'sweet word' also mijel p. 94 phrase Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok mijéel honey loan Spanish WW %miel simplex Callaghan 1965
Maidu hàné honey loan English WW %honey simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan missing missing
Yokuts Yawelmani miye:l bee, honey loan Spanish simplex Newman 1944
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo missing missing
Wintu hu:bi honey of bumblebee unknown derived from hUb 'to swarm' Schlichter 1981
Yuki missing missing
Wappo túšhuméy honey (bee head water unknown compound Sawyer 1965
Mutsun pĕt-sĭ honey, sweet (see 'sugar') semantic shift Proto-Southern Costanoan see 'sugar' derived suffix -n not heard by Merriam Henshaw (Heizer 1955)
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A missing missing
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno missing missing
Chumash Ineseno 7aq'ikaš' honey (lit 'to burn in the throat' unknown derived Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno mow honey, sugar (Wash 2001:52) semantic shift Proto-Central Chumash reed sugar' at Wash p. 251 simplex mowon 'sweet' Beeler 1978
Chumash Ventureno mow honey semantic shift c-hin-mow honey of bee Applegate 1973:V9 simplex Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa myeel honey loan Spanish WW %miel simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa nYi:l honey loan Spanish WW %miel simplex Crawford 1989
Mojave háni honey loan English WW %honey simplex Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai missing missing
Kiliwa 7+mi7=yaw-t honey unknown compound Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) panáal honey loan Spanish WW %panal simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Kakua belú-mak belú-mak unknown Compare Ticuna beɾuɾe Compound bee-liquid only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Nheengatu ira (Mello2000) ira (Mello2000) inheritance *eir- Proto-Tupi-Guarani Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Waorani gẽyĩ unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Hodï culu'ma ma'yona məh'kəbu 'mena bãilã unique Also: bãilã (Rodman IDS) Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yanomami puu puu inheritance Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam Alternate: puu u(ku) Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yanomam puu, puu u(ku) (MM07) puu, puu u(ku) (MM07) honey (most common) inheritance Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam Compound puu, “bee” only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ninam oi oi doubtful loan Tupi-Guarani Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Kotiria ~bi mĩ inheritance May be related to ET mumia Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Cubeo mumicoro mumi-koɾo inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Compound bee-juice only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Tukano mumî mumî inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Desano mome mome inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Maihiki oa daca ja oa daka xã unique Other complex oa=??; daca= liquid only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Hup næŋ næŋ inheritance Proto-DYH Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Dâw nẽèg næ̃̂g inheritance Proto-DYH Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Sikuani banara (31), jabüra (31) bánará inheritance Proto-Guahiban But compare Carib wan, wanɛ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Macaguan yatsonálit jatsonálit unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Guayabero bán (Keels 85) inheritance Proto-Guahiban But compare Carib wan, wanɛ Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Pemon töusang yeeuukuu (E1980) töusaŋ jeuku (E1980) unknown Akawaio-Pemon shared Akawaio only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Akawaio teeuuzang eeuuguu teuzaŋ eugu unknown Akawaio-Pemon shared Pemon Compound teuzaŋ= honey bee; eugu = juice only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Makushi wan (SM) wan (SM) inheritance Proto-Carib only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Eñepa wənə (IDS) wənə (IDS) inheritance Proto-Carib only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yukuna munumunújalá munumunúhalá unique Derived munumunú = “honeybee” only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Tariana dúne dúne inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Wapishana riwɨ (Santos) maˀba (IDS, = 'bee') riwɨ (Santos) maˀba (IDS, = 'bee') unique; inheritance Alternate: maˀba Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Baniwa doni doni inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Resígaro íímuʔopákó íímuʔopákó loan Bora Bora (íímuhojpácyo 'bee'); similar form also in Ocaina Witoto íímuʔo “honey”; pákó identified as “honey” classifier only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yir-Yoront may-ngaml+wurvw sugarbag unique With +wurw poss. *wur(r)upa
Dhay’yi barŋgity inheritance
Burarra dulgu loan with semantic shift
Dhuwal dyana' semantic shift
Dhangu dyukurr(') unique
Djinang dyurduk semantic shift
Ngumbarl <geerbaljoo, moonga> inheritance
Yulparija karluwayi semantic shift
Yawuru kirrbaju loan Karajarri
Karajarri kirrpatyu unknown
Ngarluma malhaŋarra unique
Nyulnyul moŋ semantic shift
Nimanburru moŋ semantic shift
Bardi mu:ŋa semantic shift
Yan-nhangu ŋambaḻa unknown
Ngandi ŋana unique
Nyangumarta ŋarrityi unique
Gumatj ŋuwa-ŋuwa unique
Ritharrngu rirrbal7 unique
Rembarrnga rtarta semantic shift
Nyikina tyikurrtyunu loan Marrngu
Mangala walatya inheritance
Warrwa walaya loan Mangala
Gupapuyngu weka(7) unique
Walmajarri karlaka unknown perhaps inherited?
Mudburra ngarlu inheritance WW %ngare early loan from Jarragan ngare; kuntarri yellow sweet pollen powder in sugarbag, loan from Jingulu kuntirrimi early loan from Jarragan ngare; kuntarri yellow sweet pollen powder in sugarbag, loan from Jingulu kuntirrimi
Jaru turta inheritance also wangkurra also kirranga? Gur. Kirrang looking for honey
Gurindji ngarlu inheritance WW %ngare loan <Jarragan into proto-Ngumpin
Gooniyandi ngalinya loan direction unknown from a Ngumpin language? Or cf, Bun ngarrwali ground honey from a Ngumpin language? Or cf, Bun ngarrwali ground honey
Bunuba tyimarni inheritance
Gajirrabeng koyin inheritance
Djapu dyana7 semantic shift
Kija ngare inheritance WW %ngare . Ngumpin ngarlu
Jingulu turta inheritance
Miriwung ngareng inheritance
Wardaman koyin unknown also ngurlu
Achagua jáamitu jáamitu unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Piapoco enué enué only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yavitero íja maha (íja 'juice'+ maha 'bee') íja máha (íja 'juice'+ máha 'bee') only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Wayuu mapa Also means 'bee' 03.820. Also hɨ-nain mapa. See Language page
Yine popnixirha; wroľ-ha Also to-ha, lit. 'her-liquid'; cf. 'water' 01.310. *Piro-Apuriná form is *(t)o-ha. See Language page
Paresi maha (=bee); ohaise, kahiyalakase (types) maha (=bee); ohaitse, kahijalakatse (types) inheritance/sem shift only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ignaciano 'mapa-ma Also 'taeresa mapa. See Language page
Trinitario mopo-mo only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Baure mie mie loan Spanish 'miel' only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Waurá mapa mapa inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Cha'palaa 'čiɲa-'miški Lit. 'bee-syrup/sweet liquid'. See Language page
Bora íímúhojpácyo (from 'bee') íímɯ́ʔoxpákʰjo loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Witotoan only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Muinane íímɨhu (W97) íímɨʔu only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Apalai ano ano inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Wayana wanë wanǝ inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Carijona weɲi (SM) inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Mapoyo wanë wanɛ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Wai Wai weenu weenu inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yabarana 'wanɜ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yukpa uano uano only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Kalapalo iŋge(iŋgi) iŋge(iŋgi) unknown only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Barí čiriba only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Northern Emberá ke'mi-hõ 'bee-sweet' (IDS) ke'mi-hõ 'bee-sweet' (IDS) only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Epena 'hɨr̃ɨ ['miele] Lit. 'bee.tar [honey]', from Span. See Language page
Cofán cuñajun'cho (sugar, honey) kuñahunʔʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kidoora (also 'wax') kidoora unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Taushiro tuntun unton tuntun unton only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Páez misqui (Quechua loan?) miski only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Tikuna beɾuɾe beɾuɾe unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Urarina iʨunaj-ʉrʉ itʃunaj-ʉɽʉ unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Andoke pofhkindiheh (RW52) unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Pumé ẽ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Puinave am-pok am-pok unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ashuar wapása yumíri ('bee liquid') wapása jumíri ('bee liquid') only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Huambisa napa yumiri napa jumiri only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Aguaruna dapa yumi-hi 'bee liquid' dapa yumi-hi 'bee liquid' inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect maba:h, maʔɾo, wʌk' (types of honey), awad.maba:h (type of honey from a bee that doesn't sting) (Martins 1999) loan; unknown North Arawak only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Matses bacun, shëdë, tëdibon bakun, ʃɨdɨ, tɨdibon unknown only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Kakataibo rɨpa only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Katukina šara rɨ c̷õ šara is 'bee' 03.820. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βona-hɨnɨ Lit. 'bee-water'. See Language page
Yaminahua βona [huda]; aya only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Chácobo βata βata loan Tacanan only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Yagua quisijyã, muchityujã kisixjã, mutʃitjuxã unique; unknown only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua mishqui miʃki only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ingá miski miski only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua mishqui miʃki only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano antimiski antimiski only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Piaroa ma'yah (K76) maʔjah doubtful loan Arawak mapa only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Carapana momia oco momia oko only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Tanimuca bũ'bĩã bũ'bĩã inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Tuyuka mumia mumia only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Koreguaje airo pũji airo pũxi unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Siona baya baja inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Secoya paya paja only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Karitiana eetese, mookose, õnse eetese, mookose, õnse unknown only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Wayampi ɛi ɛi inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Aché mɨga unknown only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Chiriguano ei inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní e'ira only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Sirionó irao irao inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ocaina úm̈oonju,um̈óónyaju ɯ́mõõhɯ,ɯmṍṍjahɯ loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Boran only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Murui Witoto emocɨ ɛmokɯ (B83) loan (into protolg?), direction unknown Boran only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Sanumá pu pu inheritance only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Iquito míira (general term); surucu áaca (MC: bee species (arambasa) + water); ihuaana áaca (MC: bee species (colmena) + water); ramíisi áaca (MC: bee species (ramichi) + water) míira unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Záparo iwana (bee honey) iwana only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Wari tawi, nopi, ʔorokahyʔ (Sousa2009) tawi, nopi, ʔorokahɨʔ (Sousa2009) only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Araona waha *Tacn form is *waśa. See Language page
Ese Ejja wini ~ widi; eka'na unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo eka-'na eka-'na only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Tacana wasa ena ena is 'river'. Cf. 'water' in other Tacanan languages. See Language page
Cavineña waha; ihamia (G71) waha; ihamia (G71) inheritance cf. Chacobo only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Central Aymara misk´i miskˀi only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Cayuvava βæ; tõha ~ tõhã only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Itonama o-woʔwo only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Kwazá nũty nũty only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané ku'ruma ~ ko'roma Also means 'bee' 03.820; and 'sugarcane'. See Language page
Movima čuiɗin-lo tʃuiɗin-lo only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Trumai aus tsʔa 'bee grease'? aus tsʔa 'bee grease'? unique only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Kaingang mỹg mɨ̃ŋ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Canela pɛn *Jê form is *meɲ. See Language page
Suyá mέĵa mέĵa only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Karajá bədi only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Djeoromitxi be be only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Chipaya miskˀi only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Mocoví rapik l-iʔi Lit. 'bees (a certain class of bee) 3p possessor-liquid'. Cf. 'pus' 04.851; 'soup' 05.640. See Language page
Pilagá ma-ʔage l-'iʔi Lit. 'sweet-along 3pp-liquid'. See Language page
Toba dapik only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Lengua yam-yohena Same as a type of 'bee' 03.820. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité piyam apyiminik only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet yawhan; yaamyawheeneʔ Also yaamyawheene pyeŋmenek. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pi'niʔ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja wona-teʔ ~ oxoʔnateʔ wonaʔ is 'wasp' 03.823. See Language page
Maca #NAME? Cf. 'food' 05.120. See Language page
Nivaclé akɔyeč; šinwoʔ; tˀuxaʔ only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? See Language page
Ayoreo kũ'terĩ Domestic bee h. is a'ka 08.530; a cell of wild h. is du'kuu-pie; abundance of h. is ku'terĩ-'pepie; h. brought to camp is i'saa-i 11.140; h. guarded is hoo'yaa-i; wasp h. is 'asago; tree in which they hope will yield h. is 'tode; h. water kũ'ter-ota'di, l See Language page
Mapudungun silʸwiɲ kuram See 'bee' 03.820. See Language page
Lokono maba maba honey DeGoeje 1928:172
Kariña awèn aweɁn honey Courtz 2007:249