Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Dhay’yi

Family
Pama-Nyungan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
dax
Location
-12.19°, 136.18°
Notes
Features
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (129)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
grasshopper flora-fauna Caelifera missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer balin balin inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris botjin bu:tyin unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna ḏakul'ŋaniŋ dhamin unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae bewiwik bi:wiwik inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri missing missing 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii missing garrukalk inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula rupu rupu unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) gakurutj gakuruty loan English 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis missing missing 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) missing manbiri inheritance 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing dyurwirr unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta mewirri mi:wirri inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae maḻwiya' marlwiya7 inheritance underived 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna burirritj burirrity inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) borwu' bu:rwu7 unique close to Rembarrnga purlu-na? underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) djaµmal dyarnmal unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp biyay7 biyay7 unique underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) mulmu mulmu inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina missing missing 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus djuku dyuku inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae muḻunda murlunda unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing mirinyuŋu unique 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic milkmilk milkmilk semantic shift cf Gupapuyngu, Ritharngu for “mosquito (generic)” reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus missing 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda meµḏuŋ mi:rnrduŋ inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius missing missing 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis mäµḏa ma:rnrda inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus bäru ba:ru inheritance underived 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha buḻ'manydji burl7manydyi inheritance cf “-manydyi” Yan-nhangu dyad 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna ḻuthuḻuthu rluthurluthu semantic shift reduplicated 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae gärr ga:rr inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species gaḏitjirri gardityirri unique underived 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna gunydju gunydyu inheritance 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis missing missing 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no


Cultural Vocabulary (103)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
armband dress missing
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool missing
bag (string) culture-material ganybu inheritance
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool garliwarli inheritance
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material missing
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport dhamam unique
cicatrice culture-mythology missing
clapsticks culture-mythology birlma inheritance
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool missing
cook food food nhara semantic shift
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food missing
dance (generic) culture-mythology buŋgul inheritance
digging stick subsistence tool bakiki' unique
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology buku-wayaŋin inheritance
dreaming culture-mythology missing
drone pipe culture-mythology dhardalal semantic shift from the dreamtime spirits who played the didg to the item itself
fire drill subsistence tool missing
fire-saw other missing
fireplace hogar lareira other missing
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool missing
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food rdatthun unique
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (European) food missing
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food ba:warrarn7 unique
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology birrimbirr semantic shift
glue subsistence tool missing
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology bu:tha unique
grog food li:ŋu semantic shift
hair belt dress missing
headband dress matyka inheritance
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology missing
honey miel mel food barŋgity inheritance
house (European) other bala7 loan Makassar WW %bala
hunt cazar caçar food warr7warryun semantic shift
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material mandyawak doubtful loan
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress dhirrithirri inheritance
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport garrany7tyun missing
ochre culture-mythology missing
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology galŋa-manapan unique
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology missing
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing
salt sal sal food missing
shelter (native) other missing
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology manikay inheritance
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool dharpum inheritance
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool garlpu inheritance
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material missing
string (from vine) culture-material missing
sugar acculturation wuŋay semantic shift
tea food missing
tobacco (European) narcotics gi:tyu loan direction unknown
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
wax cera cera other gunydyu inheritance
white paint culture-mythology gaparn inheritance
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation wukirri semantic shift
net subsistence tool ganybu inheritance
bottle botella garrafa acculturation dhuŋgana unique
paper papel papel acculturation dyu:rra loan Makassar WW %djorra
corpse food ba:purru7 semantic shift
chicken gallina galinha acculturation dyukutyiki loan Makassar WW %djorra
tree coffin culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology missing
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing
medicine narcotics missing
earth oven food missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation missing
cat gato gato acculturation marurrumburr semantic shift
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation marryaŋ loan Makassar
hat sombero chapéu dress ba:thapuy7 semantic shift


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG dense seasonal yes