Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hat

Semantic Field
dress
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
sombero
Meaning Portuguese
chapéu

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla yumuvel hat inheritance *yumu Cupan Stubbs 2011 1148 derived, other complex Sauvel and Munro 1981
Cupeño yuma7at hat inheritance inheritance *yumu derived, other complex Stubbs 2011 1148
Luiseño yumpish hat inheritance *yumu Cupan derived, other complex Stubbs 2011 1148
Gabrielino missing missing
Serrano kumua7t hat loan Yokuts Serran only other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk kumat (basket?) hat loan Yokuts Serran only; 2 entries, other 369 other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal elēlinnat hat unique derived, other complex K. Hill Tb>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu 7yky hat unique could be from yk 'to lie'??? simplex Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi kaitsogO basket hat, hat inheritance *kaCcokoC Numic Stubbs 2011 1151 simplex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute qaichokkO hat inheritance *kaCcokoC Numic Stubbs 2011 1151 simplex Sapir
Southern Ute qaa-cogo-pY hat inheritance *kaCcokoC Numic Stubbs 2011 1151 other complex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone tsappo7o hat, cap inheritance *cappo Numic Stubbs 2011 1152 simplex Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kaiccoh hat inheritance *kaCcokoC Numic Stubbs 2011 1151 simplex Crapo 1976
Comanche tso7nika hat unique compound pl. tso7wekwa7 R
Western Mono samaneenA, someneenA7 hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute missing missing
Southern Sierra Miwok somle:la-, sumne:no- hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok missing missing
Northern Sierra Miwok somne:nu-, etc. hat loan Spanish simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok sombare:ru-, somne:nu- hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok sumléelu hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero maybe from W. Wappo sómle:lu7 'hat simplex Callaghan 1965
Maidu 7olé man's knitted cap, of netting, any hat inheritance Proto-Maiduan See 7o:lu 'basketry hat' in Nisenan; Merriam says this is woman's basket hat; man's hat is we-kah' simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan somle:lu, somle:nu hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani missing missing probably same loan as 'basketry cap'
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo 7ohóš hat (probably basketry cap) unknown simplex Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu tHaki(t) hat, cap (white men's kind) semantic shift *tHaki Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:180 derived Schlichter 1981
Yuki šamlil, šumlil, šomlil hat loan Proto-North Yukian Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Wappo sómle:lu7 hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Sawyer 1965
Mutsun sumrero hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Okrand 1977
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A ts'wa\keti/' hat unknown Proto-Sainan derived Mason 1918
Salinan M ts'wa:ke:te/' hat unknown Proto-Salinan derived Mason 1918
Chumash Obispeno sumpelelu sombrero loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Harrington
Chumash Ineseno sumulelu hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno missing missing
Chumash Ventureno sumlelu hat loan Spanish WW %sombrero simplex Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa nyepuull hat semantic shift Proto-Yuman simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa (nY)şpu:l hat semantic shift Proto-Yuman note Kiliwa m+puul 'basketry hat' derived Crawford 1989
Mojave makupuur, kumupuur hat semantic shift see Cocopa kupuur 'headband' derived makor 'top' Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai púr hat semantic shift see Mojave kupuur, etc. simplex Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa m+puul hat, sack (from hat basket) semantic shift Proto-Yuman note 'Iipay As basket hat with puull derived phuuy having to do w/ smoke Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) haaonam hat loan O'odham simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Kakua ʃombero missing Spanish Simplex See Language page
Waorani o-ka-bo-ga-ta (IDS) unique Other complex o-ka-bo=head; ga-ta=?? See Language page
Hodï tuwayaka unique Simplex See Language page
Yanomami he yoa he joa semantic shift? Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Other complex related to “to cover” See Language page
Yanomam he yoho-a he joho-a semantic shift? Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Phrase he yoho-a”head cover” See Language page
Ninam yohopo wei johopo wei semantic shift? Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Derived yohopo, “carry on head”; wei nominalizer See Language page
Kotiria ʦapea ʦapea loan Port chapeu Possibly via Arawak; Baniwa tsapéwa; Pemon sapewa Simplex See Language page
Cubeo bótaibo bótaibo unknown Classifier -bo See Language page
Tukano sapéa (HR 97) sapéa (HR 97) loan Port chapeu Possibly via Arawak; Baniwa tsapéwa; Pemon sapewa Simplex See Language page
Desano sapea sapea loan Port chapeu Port origin; Possibly via Arawak; Baniwa tsapéwa; Pemon sapewa Simplex See Language page
Maihiki mado ja mado xã unknown Simplex See Language page
Hup nuhuy-tuk (head-upside down) nuhuj-tuk (head-upside down) unique Other complex head-DYNAMIC upside.down See Language page
Dâw pêèw pêw loan Port chapeu Port source; compare Arawak (e.g. Yucuna hapewa); Pemon sapewa; Tukanoan E. (e.g. Desano sapea) Simplex See Language page
Sikuani yorai jorai unknown Carib? Also: sapebúa (loan chapeu) See Language page
Macaguan sonbré sonbré loan Spanish sombrero Simplex See Language page
Pemon arok, jaroko, sapewa (A1981); arok (E1980) arok, jaroko, sapewa (A1981); arɔk (E1980) semantic shift; loan Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup from 'headdress'; Port chapeu Alternate:jaroko, sapewa See Language page
Akawaio arok (E1980) arɔk semantic shift Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup from 'headdress' Possible loan into Nadëb as 'basket' See Language page
Makushi aroʔ aroʔ semantic shift Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup from 'headdress' See Language page
Eñepa arako Var. arko (MM); yoroko-e (IDS) arakɔ Var. arkɔ (MM); yɔrɔkɔ-e (IDS) semantic shift Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup from 'headdress' Alternate: yɔrɔkɔ-e See Language page
Yukuna japewa hapewa loan Port chapeu Hup, Arawak (e.g. Yucuna hapewa); Pemon sapewa; Tukanoan E. (e.g. Desano sapea) Simplex See Language page
Tariana di-swa-ní-da di-swa-ní-da unique Alternate: dapída (woven hat) Derived di- = 3rd non-feminine cross-referencing (his X), -ní = masculine nominal derivation, -da = “round” classifier See Language page
Wapishana kʰuwama -kʰuwama unknown Simplex See Language page
Baniwa tsapéwa tsapéwa loan Port chapeu Port > Nheengatu? Hup, Arawak (e.g. Yucuna hapewa); Pemon sapewa; Tukanoan E. (e.g. Desano sapea) Simplex See Language page
Resígaro ta?mhoótsi-hí taʔm̥oótsi-hí unique Derived -hi = "round and flat" classifier, but no entry for root See Language page
Dhay’yi ba:thapuy7 semantic shift
Gumatj bathapu(') loan
Djinang bulmunuŋ unique
Jawi dangorr inheritance
Yan-nhangu dyoŋgu unknown
Dhuwal dyoŋgu(') inheritance
Dhangu dyoŋgu(') inheritance
Gupapuyngu dyoŋgu(7) inheritance
Burarra dyuŋka loan
Nimanburru jangkor [jangkurr] inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr jangkorr [yangkurr] inheritance
Warrwa jangkurru; nalmawuru loan WW %jalngga
Nyulnyul jongor inheritance
Yulparija maŋkawala loan direction unknown Nyangumarta
Nyangumarta maŋkawala loan direction unknown Yulparija
Karajarri markiti unique
Yawuru marrkirdi unique
Mangala maru semantic shift ‘shade’
Nyikina tyaŋkurr inheritance
Bardi tyaŋkurr inheritance
Ngarluma tyaŋkurru loan direction unknown
Walmajarri makarta loan direction unknown WW %makarta
Jaru makarta loan direction unknown WW %makarta
Gurindji murrkartu loan Jaru
Gooniyandi makata loan Walmajarri WW %makarta
Gajirrabeng yipam semantic shift <head
Jingulu kulapatyarra unknown looks derived, but no info
Miriwung narangkany unknown
Achagua kajúna kajúna unknown shared Piapoco See Language page
Piapoco càyuwa kàjuwa See Language page
Yavitero c̷a'hewa tsaʔhewa (Pt/Sp loan) See Language page
Wayuu uomu Also ta-kuoma. See Language page
Paresi bayahoko, jabewa bayahoko, ʃabewa unknown; loan Port chapeu See Language page
Ignaciano si'asire; -siasi See Language page
Trinitario -hosi; hosre Respectively: possessed; nonpossessed. See Language page
Waurá tɨwɨ-nai tɨwɨ-nai unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa ['sun'beru]; ['gura] From Span. 'sombrero' and 'gorra'. See Language page
Bora watájcojɨ (watajco 'cover') kwatʰáxkʰoxɨ unique See Language page
Muinane nɨ́jega (from 'shelter') (W97) nɨ́xega (W97) See Language page
Wai Wai šaΦika šaΦika loan? Port chapeu See Language page
Yabarana sompereru See Language page
Yukpa pejoba, pesoba pehoba, pesoba See Language page
Muisca pquapqua pkuapkua See Language page
Barí somene See Language page
Northern Emberá sõ'bena (loan Sp sombrero, IDS) sõ'bena (loan Sp sombrero, IDS) See Language page
Epena [so'perna] From Span.'sombrero'. See Language page
Cofán ontsianccu (from 'put/carry on head') ontsiankhu phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Páez čuaʔ čuaʔ See Language page
Tikuna napaté (Alv44) napaté unknown See Language page
Pumé pačo-čo-reã See Language page
Puinave -hui-pe; -hui-wop -hui-pe; -hui-wop unique See Language page
Máku pide'de See Language page
Ashuar tséngkruti tséŋkruti See Language page
Huambisa etsegkrutai etsegkrutai See Language page
Aguaruna ac̷ɨhu-tai atsɨhu-tai unknown See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect mu:h.k'aʃu loan? Arawak (Achagua/Piapoco?) See Language page
Matses mauete mawete semantic shift from 'headdress' See Language page
Kakataibo maɲo-ti Means 'headdress, headband'. *Panoan *maiti. See Language page
Katukina mai-ti See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo maiti See Language page
Yaminahua ma-i-ti; ma-rako-mɨ-ti See Language page
Yagua jnõcõ xnõkõ unknown See Language page
Ingá chuta tʃuta See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano chuku (CP94) tʃuku See Language page
Piaroa k'ayuak'a' kɁajuakɁaɁ loan Arawak (Achagua/Piapoco?) See Language page
Sáliva calloho kaʤoʔo loan Arawak (Achagua/Piapoco?) See Language page
Carapana sapewa sapewa See Language page
Makuna sapewa sapewa loan Port chapeu See Language page
Tanimuca sa'pewa sa'pewa loan Port chapeu See Language page
Tuyuka sapea sapea See Language page
Koreguaje tuhiro tuhiro unknown See Language page
Siona tuitˀo tuitˀo unknown See Language page
Karitiana omykyp omɨkɨp unknown See Language page
Wayampi [sapɔ] [sapɔ] loan Port chapeu See Language page
Aché ãwã semantic shift from 'headband' See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)aka-ⁿdao unique See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní akãreheɣʷa; akãŋao Latter form is archaic. See Language page
Sirionó eite suča ("roof for the head"?) eite suǩa unique See Language page
Ocaina ohfóóxora oʔɸóóxora unique See Language page
Murui Witoto ɨfogɨ ico ('head ?') ɯɸogɯ iko ('head ?') (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito m+yáacu mɨjáaku unique See Language page
Záparo nukityaru nukitjaru See Language page
Wari wajiʔ (Sousa2009) wajiʔ (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona sobelele See Language page
Ese Ejja ehawoxa unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-yoxa-ha-xi e-yoxa-ha-xi See Language page
Tacana motiro See Language page
Cavineña motiro; kačoča; čoro motiro; kačoča; čoro unique See Language page
Central Aymara tanka See Language page
Cayuvava hebe; ra'hebee See Language page
Itonama wačoworoʔi; wačudu See Language page
Kwazá tsutysiki, ururisike tsutysiki, ururisike See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané [šomero'ro] From Span. 'sombrero'. See Language page
Movima čoran-kʷan-to tʃoran-kʷan-to See Language page
Kaingang sãpe (loan Pt) (IDS) sãpe See Language page
Djeoromitxi kanõ kanõ See Language page
Chipaya skara See Language page
Mocoví n-adoʔo See Language page
Pilagá n-aʁaʔdo Lit. '3pp-headgear'. See Language page
Toba n-adoʔo See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apinkanma See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nempakanma; aaɬaʔwaʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -ka-wu'na See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja wonta (f.) See Language page
Maca -itxoxiikiʔ ~ -otxoxiikiʔ (f.) See Language page
Nivaclé -ɔtxɔxi; -čˀu See Language page
Ayoreo gaa'tohee See Language page
Mapudungun [čumpiru] From Span. 'sombrero'. Ranquel form is čumpiru ~ čimpiru. See Language page
Qawasqar yeneḳ Also Em records ktasekseya. Both forms actually mean 'cap'. See Language page
Selknam melàn See Language page
Tehuelche 'kˀō See Language page
Lokono si-ado(-ho) si-ado(-ho) hat Pet 1987:60
Kariña sampreru sampreru hat Yamada 2010:800