Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

hat

Semantic Field: dress
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: sombero
Meaning Portuguese: chapéu

Sorry, we have no imagery here.

Languages

Copy CSV

Search:

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	kajúna	kajúna		unknown			shared Piapoco							See Language page
Aché		ãwã		semantic shift			from 'headband'							See Language page
Aguaruna	ac̷ɨhu-tai	atsɨhu-tai		unknown										See Language page
Akawaio	arok (E1980)	arɔk		semantic shift		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup	from 'headdress'			Possible loan into Nadëb as 'basket'				See Language page
Araona		sobelele												See Language page
Ashuar	tséngkruti	tséŋkruti												See Language page
Ayoreo		gaa'tohee												See Language page
Baniwa	tsapéwa	tsapéwa		loan			Port chapeu			Port > Nheengatu? Hup, Arawak (e.g. Yucuna hapewa); Pemon sapewa; Tukanoan E. (e.g. Desano sapea)	Simplex			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	missing			missing
Bardi	tyaŋkurr			inheritance
Barí		somene												See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	kaiccoh		hat	inheritance	*kaCcokoC	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1151	simplex			Crapo 1976
Bora	watájcojɨ (watajco 'cover')	kwatʰáxkʰoxɨ		unique										See Language page
Burarra	dyuŋka			loan
Cahuilla	yumuvel		hat	inheritance	*yumu	Cupan				Stubbs 2011 1148	derived, other complex			Sauvel and Munro 1981
Carapana	sapewa	sapewa												See Language page
Cavineña	motiro; kačoča; čoro	motiro; kačoča; čoro		unique										See Language page
Cayuvava		hebe; ra'hebee												See Language page
Central Aymara		tanka												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	missing			missing
Cha'palaa		['sun'beru]; ['gura]											From Span. 'sombrero' and 'gorra'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	kaitsogO		basket hat, hat	inheritance	*kaCcokoC	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1151	simplex			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chipaya		skara												See Language page
Chiriguano		(če-)aka-ⁿdao		unique										See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		wonta (f.)												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	missing			missing
Chumash Ineseno	sumulelu		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Applegate 1972
Chumash Obispeno	sumpelelu		sombrero	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Harrington
Chumash Ventureno	sumlelu		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Mamet 2008
Cocopa	(nY)şpu:l		hat	semantic shift		Proto-Yuman				note Kiliwa m+puul 'basketry hat'	derived			Crawford 1989
Cofán	ontsianccu (from 'put/carry on head')	ontsiankhu											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tso7nika		hat	unique							compound	pl. tso7wekwa7		R
Cubeo	bótaibo	bótaibo		unknown								Classifier -bo		See Language page
Cupeño	yuma7at		hat	inheritance	inheritance	*yumu					derived, other complex			Stubbs 2011 1148
Desano	sapea	sapea		loan			Port chapeu			Port origin; Possibly via Arawak; Baniwa tsapéwa; Pemon sapewa	Simplex			See Language page
Dhangu	dyoŋgu(')			inheritance
Dhay’yi	ba:thapuy7			semantic shift
Dhuwal	dyoŋgu(')			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	kanõ	kanõ												See Language page
Djinang	bulmunuŋ			unique
Dâw	pêèw	pêw		loan			Port chapeu			Port source; compare Arawak (e.g. Yucuna hapewa); Pemon sapewa; Tukanoan E. (e.g. Desano sapea)	Simplex			See Language page
Epena		[so'perna]											From Span.'sombrero'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		ehawoxa		unique										See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-yoxa-ha-xi	e-yoxa-ha-xi												See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	arako Var. arko (MM); yoroko-e (IDS)	arakɔ Var. arkɔ (MM); yɔrɔkɔ-e (IDS)		semantic shift		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup	from 'headdress'			Alternate: yɔrɔkɔ-e				See Language page
Gabrielino	missing			missing
Gajirrabeng	yipam			semantic shift						<head
Gooniyandi	makata			loan			Walmajarri	WW	%makarta
Gumatj	bathapu(')			loan
Gupapuyngu	dyoŋgu(7)			inheritance
Gurindji	murrkartu			loan			Jaru
Hodï	tuwayaka			unique							Simplex			See Language page
Huambisa	etsegkrutai	etsegkrutai												See Language page
Hup	nuhuy-tuk (head-upside down)	nuhuj-tuk (head-upside down)		unique							Other complex	head-DYNAMIC upside.down		See Language page
Ignaciano		si'asire; -siasi												See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	nyepuull		hat	semantic shift		Proto-Yuman					simplex			Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Ingá	chuta	tʃuta												See Language page
Iquito	m+yáacu	mɨjáaku		unique										See Language page
Itonama		wačoworoʔi; wačudu												See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	jangkorr [yangkurr]			inheritance
Jaru	makarta			loan direction unknown				WW	%makarta
Jawi	dangorr			inheritance
Jingulu	kulapatyarra			unknown						looks derived, but no info
Kaingang	sãpe (loan Pt) (IDS)	sãpe												See Language page
Kakataibo		maɲo-ti											Means 'headdress, headband'. Panoan maiti.	See Language page
Kakua	ʃombero			missing			Spanish				Simplex			See Language page
Karajarri	markiti			unique
Kariña	sampreru	sampreru	hat				Yamada 2010:800
Karitiana	omykyp	omɨkɨp		unknown										See Language page
Katukina		mai-ti												See Language page
Kawaiisu	7yky		hat	unique						could be from yk 'to lie'???	simplex			Zigmond et al. 1990
Kiliwa	m+puul		hat, sack (from hat basket)	semantic shift		Proto-Yuman				note 'Iipay As basket hat with puull	derived	phuuy having to do w/ smoke		Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	kumat		(basket?) hat	loan			Yokuts			Serran only; 2 entries, other 369	other complex			Anderton 1988
Koreguaje	tuhiro	tuhiro		unknown										See Language page
Kotiria	ʦapea	ʦapea		loan			Port chapeu			Possibly via Arawak; Baniwa tsapéwa; Pemon sapewa	Simplex			See Language page
Kwazá	tsutysiki, ururisike	tsutysiki, ururisike												See Language page
Lake Miwok	sumléelu		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero	maybe from W. Wappo sómle:lu7 'hat	simplex			Callaghan 1965
Lokono	si-ado(-ho)	si-ado(-ho)	hat											Pet 1987:60
Luiseño	yumpish		hat	inheritance	*yumu	Cupan					derived, other complex			Stubbs 2011 1148
Maca		-itxoxiikiʔ ~ -otxoxiikiʔ (f.)												See Language page
Macaguan	sonbré	sonbré		loan			Spanish sombrero				Simplex			See Language page
Maidu	7olé		man's knitted cap, of netting, any hat	inheritance		Proto-Maiduan				See 7o:lu 'basketry hat' in Nisenan; Merriam says this is woman's basket hat; man's hat is we-kah'	simplex			Shipley 1963
Maihiki	mado ja	mado xã		unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Makuna	sapewa	sapewa		loan			Port chapeu							See Language page
Makushi	aroʔ	aroʔ		semantic shift		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup	from 'headdress'							See Language page
Mangala	maru			semantic shift									‘shade’
Mapudungun		[čumpiru]											From Span. 'sombrero'. Ranquel form is čumpiru ~ čimpiru.	See Language page
Matses	mauete	mawete		semantic shift			from 'headdress'							See Language page
Miriwung	narangkany			unknown
Mocoví		n-adoʔo												See Language page
Mojave	makupuur, kumupuur		hat	semantic shift						see Cocopa kupuur 'headband'	derived	makor 'top'		Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		[šomero'ro]											From Span. 'sombrero'.	See Language page
Movima	čoran-kʷan-to	tʃoran-kʷan-to												See Language page
Muinane	nɨ́jega (from 'shelter') (W97)	nɨ́xega (W97)												See Language page
Muisca	pquapqua	pkuapkua												See Language page
Murui Witoto	ɨfogɨ ico ('head ?')	ɯɸogɯ iko ('head ?') (B83)		unique										See Language page
Mutsun	sumrero		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Okrand 1977
Máku		pide'de												See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		mu:h.k'aʃu		loan?			Arawak (Achagua/Piapoco?)							See Language page
Ngarluma	tyaŋkurru			loan direction unknown
Nimanburru	jangkor [jangkurr]			inheritance
Ninam	yohopo wei	johopo wei		semantic shift?		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam					Derived	yohopo, “carry on head”; wei nominalizer		See Language page
Nisenan	somle:lu, somle:nu		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		-ɔtxɔxi; -čˀu												See Language page
Northern Emberá	sõ'bena (loan Sp sombrero, IDS)	sõ'bena (loan Sp sombrero, IDS)												See Language page
Northern Paiute	missing			missing
Northern Sierra Miwok	somne:nu-, etc.		hat	loan			Spanish				simplex			Callaghan 1987
Nyangumarta	maŋkawala			loan direction unknown			Yulparija
Nyikina	tyaŋkurr			inheritance
Nyulnyul	jongor			inheritance
Ocaina	ohfóóxora	oʔɸóóxora		unique										See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		akãreheɣʷa; akãŋao											Latter form is archaic.	See Language page
Paresi	bayahoko, jabewa	bayahoko, ʃabewa		unknown; loan			Port chapeu							See Language page
Pemon	arok, jaroko, sapewa (A1981); arok (E1980)	arok, jaroko, sapewa (A1981); arɔk (E1980)		semantic shift; loan		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup	from 'headdress'; Port chapeu			Alternate:jaroko, sapewa				See Language page
Piapoco	càyuwa	kàjuwa												See Language page
Piaroa	k'ayuak'a'	kɁajuakɁaɁ		loan			Arawak (Achagua/Piapoco?)							See Language page
Pilagá		n-aʁaʔdo											Lit. '3pp-headgear'.	See Language page
Plains Miwok	sombare:ru-, somne:nu-		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Callaghan 1984
Puinave	-hui-pe; -hui-wop	-hui-pe; -hui-wop		unique										See Language page
Pumé	pačo-čo-reã													See Language page
Páez	čuaʔ	čuaʔ												See Language page
Qawasqar		yeneḳ											Also Em records ktasekseya. Both forms actually mean 'cap'.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	chuku (CP94)	tʃuku												See Language page
Resígaro	ta?mhoótsi-hí	taʔm̥oótsi-hí		unique							Derived	-hi = "round and flat" classifier, but no entry for root		See Language page
Salinan A	ts'wa\keti/'		hat	unknown		Proto-Sainan					derived			Mason 1918
Salinan M	ts'wa:ke:te/'		hat	unknown		Proto-Salinan					derived			Mason 1918
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apinkanma												See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		nempakanma; aaɬaʔwaʔ												See Language page
Selknam		melàn												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	haaonam		hat	loan			O'odham				simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	kumua7t		hat	loan			Yokuts			Serran only	other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Shipibo-Konibo		maiti												See Language page
Sikuani	yorai	jorai		unknown			Carib?			Also: sapebúa (loan chapeu)				See Language page
Siona	tuitˀo	tuitˀo		unknown										See Language page
Sirionó	eite suča ("roof for the head"?)	eite suǩa		unique										See Language page
Southern Paiute	qaichokkO		hat	inheritance	*kaCcokoC	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1151	simplex			Sapir
Southern Sierra Miwok	somle:la-, sumne:no-		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	qaa-cogo-pY		hat	inheritance	*kaCcokoC	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1151	other complex			Givon
Sáliva	calloho	kaʤoʔo		loan			Arawak (Achagua/Piapoco?)							See Language page
Tacana		motiro												See Language page
Tanimuca	sa'pewa	sa'pewa		loan			Port chapeu							See Language page
Tariana	di-swa-ní-da	di-swa-ní-da		unique						Alternate: dapída (woven hat)	Derived	di- = 3rd non-feminine cross-referencing (his X), -ní = masculine nominal derivation, -da = “round” classifier		See Language page
Tehuelche		'kˀō												See Language page
Tikuna	napaté (Alv44)	napaté		unknown										See Language page
Toba		n-adoʔo												See Language page
Trinitario		-hosi; hosre											Respectively: possessed; nonpossessed.	See Language page
Tukano	sapéa (HR 97)	sapéa (HR 97)		loan			Port chapeu			Possibly via Arawak; Baniwa tsapéwa; Pemon sapewa	Simplex			See Language page
Tuyuka	sapea	sapea												See Language page
Tübatulabal	elēlinnat		hat	unique							derived, other complex			K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	tsappo7o		hat, cap	inheritance	*cappo	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1152	simplex			Dayley 1989
Wai Wai	šaΦika	šaΦika		loan?			Port chapeu							See Language page
Walmajarri	makarta			loan direction unknown				WW	%makarta
Waorani	o-ka-bo-ga-ta (IDS)			unique							Other complex	o-ka-bo=head; ga-ta=??		See Language page
Wapishana	kʰuwama	-kʰuwama		unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Wappo	sómle:lu7		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Sawyer 1965
Wari	wajiʔ (Sousa2009)	wajiʔ (Sousa2009)												See Language page
Warrwa	jangkurru; nalmawuru			loan				WW	%jalngga
Washo	7ohóš		hat (probably basketry cap)	unknown							simplex			Washo Project Dictionary
Waurá	tɨwɨ-nai	tɨwɨ-nai		unknown										See Language page
Wayampi	[sapɔ]	[sapɔ]		loan			Port chapeu							See Language page
Wayuu		uomu											Also ta-kuoma.	See Language page
Western Mono	samaneenA, someneenA7		hat	loan			Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Loether & Bethel 1993
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-ka-wu'na												See Language page
Wintu	tHaki(t)		hat, cap (white men's kind)	semantic shift	*tHaki	Proto-Wintun				Shepherd 2006:180	derived			Schlichter 1981
Yabarana		sompereru												See Language page
Yagua	jnõcõ	xnõkõ		unknown										See Language page
Yaminahua		ma-i-ti; ma-rako-mɨ-ti												See Language page
Yan-nhangu	dyoŋgu			unknown
Yanomam	he yoho-a	he joho-a		semantic shift?		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam					Phrase	he yoho-a”head cover”		See Language page
Yanomami	he yoa	he joa		semantic shift?		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam					Other complex	related to “to cover”		See Language page
Yavapai	púr		hat	semantic shift						see Mojave kupuur, etc.	simplex			Shaterian 1983
Yavitero	c̷a'hewa	tsaʔhewa (Pt/Sp loan)												See Language page
Yawuru	marrkirdi			unique
Yokuts Palewyami	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawelmani	missing			missing						probably same loan as 'basketry cap'
Yuki	šamlil, šumlil, šomlil		hat	loan		Proto-North Yukian	Spanish	WW	%sombrero		simplex			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Yukpa	pejoba, pesoba	pehoba, pesoba												See Language page
Yukuna	japewa	hapewa		loan			Port chapeu			Hup, Arawak (e.g. Yucuna hapewa); Pemon sapewa; Tukanoan E. (e.g. Desano sapea)	Simplex			See Language page
Yulparija	maŋkawala			loan direction unknown			Nyangumarta
Záparo	nukityaru	nukitjaru												See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Barí
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Burarra
Cahuilla
Carapana
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Jingulu
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Ngarluma
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Toba
Trinitario
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wai Wai
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yulparija
Záparo

Showing 1 to 182 of 182 entries