Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Dhangu

Family
Pama-Nyungan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
dhg
Location
-12.38°, 136.75°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar ŋanapu inheritance
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar ŋalimalanha semantic shift
1sg yo eu grammar ŋarra inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar nyeli inheritance
2sg xx xx grammar nhonu inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar walal(a) inheritance
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar nhän inheritance
above encima, arriba acima location garrwar inheritance
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar biyapul unknown
all todo todos other warrpam' inheritance
and y e grammar ga inheritance
ankle tobillo tornozelo body [missing] missing
armpit axila, sobaco axila body wäny loan
ashamed xx xx mental goṉa inheritance
ashes xx xx environment 1876 inheritance
at en, a em, a location -ŋa inheritance
back espalda costas body buṉḏalŋu unknown
bad mal mal quality biḏila doubtful loan
be alive xx xx body [missing] missing
belly barriga barriga body dhulmu unknown
below abajo, debajo abaixo location [missing] missing
big grande grande quality bathala unknown
bite morder morder body rathan unknown
black negro preto colour gurrŋan(') inheritance
blood sangre sangue body gulaŋ unknown
blow soplar soprar body [missing] missing
blunt xx xx quality dhumuk doubtful loan Central Yolngu?
bone hueso osso body 4964 inheritance
boomerang xx xx manufacture gaḻiwaḻi(') inheritance
breast pecho, seno peito body ŋamini inheritance
breathe respirar respirar body [missing] missing
burn quemar queimar environment nhära inheritance
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body [missing] missing
child niño, niña criança human yothu inheritance
climb subir subir motion [missing] missing
cloud nube nuvem environment maŋan unknown
cold frío frio quality 1969 unknown
come venir vir motion ḏoy'yun unknown
cook cocinar cozinhar impact 2054 unknown
count contar contar mental bothurru loan Makassar
cry llorar chorar mental ŋätji inheritance
cut xx xx impact mit inheritance
die/be dead morir morrer state rakuny unknown
dig cavar cavar impact yaw'yun unknown
dingo/wolf fauna wärraŋ unknown
dirty sucio sujo quality [missing] missing
dream soñar sonhar mental [missing] missing
drink beber, tomar beber body wurkthun unknown
dry seco seco quality baṉḏany(') inheritance
dust polvo poeira environment ḏuŋgul unknown
ear oreja orelha body buthuru loan
earth/soil tierra terra environment munatha(') inheritance
eat comer comer body nyaŋ'thun unknown
egg huevo ovo fauna bamburuŋburuŋ
eye ojo olho body maŋutji inheritance
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body guḻa' unknown
fall caer cair motion galki inheritance
far lejos longe quality bärrku inheritance
fat/grease grasa gordura body djukurr(') inheritance
father padre, papá pai kinship djawuḻpa inheritance
fear miedo medo mental biyaṉu unknown
feather pluma pena fauna bulka' unknown
fire fuego fogo environment dhaŋutha unknown
fish xx xx fauna guya inheritance
flow fluir fluir motion [missing] missing
flower flor flor environment 2859 inheritance
fly volar voar motion wurruḻuḻ(') inheritance
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment [missing] missing
foot pie pé body rnuku unknown
fruit fruta fruta flora baḏalaŋ
good bueno bom quality ŋuwakurru unknown
grow crecer crescer state ŋuthan doubtful loan
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body marwat inheritance
hand mano mão body goŋ inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body muḻkurr unknown
hear oír ouvir mental ŋäma inheritance
heavy pesado pesado quality [missing] missing
hide esconder esconder motion 1482 unknown
hit golpear, pegar bater impact buma inheritance
hit (with hand) xx xx impact [missing] missing
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other baṯ unknown
how? como como grammar nhalpiyan unknown
if si se grammar [missing] missing
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location 2015 unknown
intestines intestinos intestinos body biyapiya inheritance
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body [missing] missing
kill matar matar impact boyan inheritance
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental marŋgi inheritance
lake lago lago environment 2027 missing
laugh reír rir mental gitkit inheritance
leaf hoja folha environment man'tjarr loan
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body djarrpuḏay' unknown
leg/foot pierna perna body balwak unknown
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion ŋoya unknown
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment yarraḏa unknown
liver hígado figado body biḏila unknown
long largo comprido, longo quality wikarra unknown
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna djuku inheritance
lung pulmón pulmão body burrwutj inheritance
man/male hombre homem human 2254 unknown
meat/flesh carne carne fauna wäyin unknown
moon luna lua environment ŋaḻindi inheritance
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship bambay unknown
mouth boca boca body dhurrwara unknown
name nombre nome human ŋaykaṉa unknown
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body gupa inheritance
near/close cerca de perto quality galki inheritance
neck cuello pescoço body [missing] missing
new nuevo novo quality yuṯa inheritance
night noche noite time munha inheritance
no/not no não grammar yaka inheritance
nose nariz nariz body 2839 inheritance
old viejo velho quality worruŋu unknown
one uno um number waŋgany inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other barryun unknown
other otro outro grammar mulkuru unknown
person/human being persona pessoa human 2978
pimple xx xx body djiraŋ' unknown
rain lluvia chuva environment baḻkurrk unknown
red rojo vermelho colour miku(') inheritance
right/right hand derecha direita location/body [missing] missing
road/path camino caminho manufacture dhuka inheritance
roof xx xx manufacture [missing] missing
root raíz raiz flora dhulpurru unknown
rotten podrido podre quality barrpa(') inheritance
sand arena areia environment raŋi unknown
say decir dizer mental wäŋa inheritance
scratch rascar rasgar impact dhe'thiyun unknown
see ver ver mental nha:ma inheritance
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality [missing] missing
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact [missing] missing
short corto curto quality guṯi(') unknown
shoulder hombro ombro body ḻambarr inheritance
sick xx xx body rirrikthun inheritance
sit sentar(se) sentar state ñi:na_x001E_n inheritance
skin piel pele body barrwaṉ(') unknown
sky cielo céu environment djiwarr(') unknown
sleep dormir dormir body yakuya inheritance
small pequeño pequeno quality nyumukuṉiny inheritance
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body buŋgan unknown
smoke humo fumaça environment ŋawulul(') inheritance?
spit escupir cuspir body dhupthun inheritance
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact barthun unknown
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact yiṉḏam
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact barrtjun inheritance
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state dhärra inheritance
star estrella estrela environment ganyu(') unknown
steal robar roubar other djaw' inheritance
stone piedra pedra environment baṉḏa unknown
suck chupar chupar body buny'tjun inheritance
sun sol sol time ḏaykun(') unknown
sweat sudar suor, suar body worr' unknown
swell hincharse inchar body butputthun unknown
swim nadar nadar motion waythun unknown
tail cola, rabo rabo body gurrka
that ese/esa esse grammar banha unknown
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality ŋutu(') inheritance
thin delgado fino quality binydjitj inheritance
think pensar pensar mental guyaŋirr(i) inheritance
this este/esta este grammar dhay'yi unknown
three tres tres number ḻurrkun' inheritance
throat garganta garganta body [missing] missing
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact ḏup unknown
thunder truenos trovão environment [missing] missing
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact garrpi(')yun inheritance
tongue lengua lingua body matha inheritance
tooth diente dente body rirra inheritance
true xx xx quality yultha unknown
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other bil inheritance
two dos dois number bulal unknown
vomit vomitar vomitar body gakthun inheritance
walk caminar, andar andar motion malthun unknown
water agua agua environment gutjark loan
wet mojado molhado quality djurruk inheritance
what? que, qué que grammar nhä inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar [missing] missing
where? donde onde grammar ŋala inheritance
white blanco branco colour gapaṉ unknown
who? quien, quién quem grammar yol inheritance
wife esposa esposa kinship galay inheritance
wind viento vento environment wäŋi inheritance
wing ala asa body binbarr inheritance
woman/female mujer mulher human baṯami semantic shift Burarra
work trabajar trabalhar other dhotju inheritance
yawn bostezar bocejar body dhäpu(-)waŋa unknown
yellow amarillo amarelo colour buthalak inheritance


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (139)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
grasshopper flora-fauna Caelifera ḏetj ḏety inheritance underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis missing weṯi(') inheritance 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae gälkal ga:lkal inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus warnyuŋbi warnyuŋbi unique simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing burlanybirr semantic shift missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna djikay(') dyikay(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing rdamala inheritance missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus missing missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri ḻanapu baḻwurr inheritance simplex 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae barrpa(') barrpa(') inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii garrukal(') garrukal(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda guḏurrku(') guḏurrku(') inheritance simplex 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing yukuwa(7) inheritance missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera ḏepina ḏepina unique simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo wärraŋ wa:rraŋ inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris wuŋgan nhaṉa inheritance nhana also means him/her simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae dakitaki dakitaki inheritance reduplicated 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae wurrpaṉ wurrpaṉ inheritance simplex 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna guya burirrity inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) missing burwu(7) semantic shift 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera wurruḻuḻ(') wurruḻuḻ(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) garkman garkman inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) miyapunu miyapunu inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp missing missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera ḏety inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina missing missing missing 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata garanaŋga(') garanaŋga(') inheritance 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus djuku dyuku louse, small head lice, flea(s) inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus yarraman' yarraman' loan areal WW %yarraman simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing burarrwaŋa unique missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus gandyi(7) inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae weṯi(') weṯi(') inheritance 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata gurrumaṯtji gurrumaṯtyi inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera gaṉamu gaṉamu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus barkuma(') barkuma(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius missing missing missing 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis gun.ga gun.ga pandanus inheritance simplex 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya barrukala(') barrukala(') inheritance 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida gurudut gurudut loan direction unknown WW %kurutuk 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca ḏelili ḏelili inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus missing ba:ru inheritance 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones buthuŋu buthuŋu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna ŋaraka ŋaraka inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus djirrmaŋa(') dyirrmaŋa(') inheritance “dyirr” seems to be a popular Yolŋu beginning for animal words 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae djuḻaymuŋ dyuḻaymuŋ unique 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita baḏikan baḏikan inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera djakuḻuḻu(') dyakuḻuḻu(') unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) dharpa dharpa inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma dhatam(') dhatam(') inheritance simplex 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis gaḻayin(') gaḻayin(') inheritance 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax ḏamala ḏamala inheritance 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna dharpa unknown
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna gälkal inheritance?
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna djikay(') inheritance
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna [missing] missing
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna 1757 unknown
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna [missing] missing
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna weṯi(') unknown
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna djäḻki(') unknown
spider araña aranha flora-fauna [missing] missing


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology burralku doubtful inheritance
armband dress barka semantic shift ‘upper arm’
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool ḏakul(') inheritance
bag (string) culture-material batyi inheritance
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool gaḻiwaḻi(') inheritance
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material dhaniya(') inheritance
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport ṉaku(') inheritance
cicatrice culture-mythology biḏipi(') inheritance
clapsticks culture-mythology biḻma inheritance
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool missing
cook food food nha:ra semantic shift
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food missing
dance (generic) culture-mythology burr'yun REDO - noun not verb
digging stick subsistence tool dhoṉa(') inheritance
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology missing
dreaming culture-mythology missing
drone pipe culture-mythology yiḏaki inheritance
fire drill subsistence tool rduttyi(7) inheritance
fire-saw other ḏuttyi(') inheritance
fireplace hogar lareira other missing
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool missing
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food ra:kum(a) inheritance
fish (with spear) food missing
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool yarraṯa inheritance
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (European) food missing
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food wa:yin inheritance
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology waŋa inheritance
glue subsistence tool missing
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology munatha(') semantic shift
grog food gapu semantic shift ‘water’
hair belt dress missing
headband dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology missing
honey miel mel food dyukurr(') unique
house (European) other bala' loan Makassar WW %bala
hunt cazar caçar food missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material yiki(') inheritance
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress na:ga inheritance
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport gayuwaḻa inheritance
ochre culture-mythology buthalak inheritance
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology miku(') inheritance
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing
salt sal sal food dye'la inheritance
shelter (native) other buṉbu inheritance
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology missing
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool garna inheritance
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool gaḻpu inheritance
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material missing
string (from vine) culture-material missing
sugar acculturation munatha(') semantic shift
tea food ḏilip loan English WW tea
tobacco (European) narcotics getyu loan direction unknown
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
wax cera cera other missing
white paint culture-mythology gaparn inheritance
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation wukirri semantic shift
net subsistence tool missing
bottle botella garrafa acculturation buthuḻu(') loan English WW bottle
paper papel papel acculturation dyorra' loan Makassar WW %djorra
corpse food missing
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
tree coffin culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology muwayak semantic shift
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress dhapathuŋ(') loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
medicine narcotics missing
earth oven food missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation missing
cat gato gato acculturation missing
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation ma:rriyaŋ loan Makassar
hat sombero chapéu dress dyoŋgu(') inheritance
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture malka unknown
bottom grinding stone manufacture [missing] missing
digging stick subsistence tool dhoṉa(') unknown
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture [missing] missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [missing] missing
spearthrower subsistence tool gaḻpu unknown
spear lanza lança subsistence tool gaṉa unknown
house other bala' loan


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG dense mobile yes