Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hit

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
golpear, pegar
Meaning Portuguese
bater

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone -tokoh "punch, push" inheritance
Cahuilla -pux (see also -vuk-) inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok To/k-la inheritance
Chemehuevi kwipa/ “hit, fall, sting” inheritance
Chumash Barbareno tak-til unknown Ono 1996:31
Chumash Cruzeno pikna JPH
Chumash Ineseno wyp beat w/ stick loan A 288
Chumash Obispeno qipi “golpear”, mypy “pegale!” 0074L, pe7 “pegar” 0104R unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno wyp “hit with stick” loan JPH
Cocopa 7u:xa/m (w/ long object), cu (w/ thrown or held object), 7u:xwa/sh (with whip), sTu (with fist), ptax (with hand), shuku/p (with knuckles) unknown
Comanche tohpa7ity, tohtsi7ary “hit with fist” inheritance
Cupeño paq-in [paqin] inheritance
Esselen -sma unknown Shaul 1995:215
Iipay 'Aa wetoo, chetoo. Shuutoo [wəˈt̯ɔˑ], [ʧəˈt̯ɔˑ], [şuˑ˅ˈt̯ɔˑ] unknown
Kawaiisu taja-kwee- unknown
Kiliwa h-chi7, h-chi-t-u “golpear” unknown
Kitanemuk pi7, inheritance
Lake Miwok pa/ka loan
Luiseño kopa~i- unknown
Maidu wo/dato inheritance
Mojave a'an= (with stick, etc., not hand), aarem= (slingshot), atav= (strike, as fire, w/ hammer), chaqam= (fight), chu'an=(w open hand), ta'an=,(w something crooked like hoe), tacher= (against a hard object) unknown
Mutsun haTTahne “was hit” inheritance O77:81, 211
Nisenan w2 inheritance
Northern Paiute kwiba “strike” inheritance Thornes 03:170
Northern Sierra Miwok Tokla- (w/ fist) inheritance
Plains Miwok nokca-, inheritance
Salinan A *(p)T'ika:/l (A) “strike, beat”; unknown
Salinan M *cme:'L 'beat, strike' unknown Mason 1918:139
Seri (Comcaac) cnip (with hand) unknown
Serrano wYqO:v “hit” inheritance
Southern Paiute qwip:a- hit, strike, throw” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok To:p- (w/ fist) inheritance
Southern Ute kUpa, kwipA, inheritance
Tübatulabal paa7kin-at inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone -tykwan inheritance
Wappo 7ohwa/Thihsi7 “hit or strike once” unknown
Washo a/:m unknown J332
Western Mono tabi- “to strike” inheritance
Wintu qota loan direction unknown
Yavapai pe/qi, 7a/vi unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi kHo7o inheritance K07:249; G64
Yokuts Yowlumne *woTHo “hit w/ club” inheritance N1944:138, G1964
Yuki taNl “win, beat” unknown K1911:Voc
Yuma a:qwe/t “beat, strike w/ stick” H4:28 unknown
Baniwa ñaa ɲaa inheritance See Language page
Carijona ihahakətə inheritance See Language page
Cubeo boayʉ́; jãðoðovañʉ; jãðoñʉ; jaraboayʉ; jarapeyʉ; jarapopeyʉ; pẽvavañʉ; totayʉ boajɨ́; xãðoðovajɨ; xãðojɨ; xaɾaboajɨ; xaɾapejɨ; xaɾapopejɨ; pẽvavajɨ; totajɨ inheritance See Language page
Dâw ũùm ʔũ̂m inheritance See Language page
Desano paa-ri paa-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -ɨpuʔmo- (IDS) -ɨpuʔmo- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰwau unique See Language page
Waorani tei tei pã unique See Language page
Hup m’æh- ~b’æh- unique See Language page
Kakua maw, pêwʔ [hit.against something] unique See Language page
Makushi paʔtɨ (IDS) paʔtɨ (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu peteka, tuká, nupá peteka, tuká, nupá inheritance likely loan Nheengatu > Warekena (Arawak) peta (other N Arawak forms distinct) See Language page
Ninam šə, šɨ (EM72) ʃə, ʃɨ inheritance See Language page
Nukak baak2 unique See Language page
Maihiki baiyi baiji inheritance See Language page
Pemon kitama (A1981); ikita'ma (M2000) kitama (A1981) unique See Language page
Sanumá tsə (EM72) tsə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani amoneyaba (3), bia (1), mataba (2), matatafataraba (3)(hit on the head) amonéyaba, bía, bia, kónita (kuánita, tsakíta, táubabia, matababa 'para que entre, como una puntilla' - 'cause to go in, as a nail') inheritance See Language page
Tariana yã, ñá jã, ñá inheritance See Language page
Tukano paâ, kẽê paâ, kẽê inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~kha kʰã inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam šə ʃə inheritance See Language page
Yanomami shë-aɨ ʃə-aɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ña'akaje ɲaʔakahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup ʔũb ~ʔub inheritance See Language page
Arabana palka-palka- inheritance
Bardi -ngayidima- -ngayidima- inheritance
Bunuba duwa- unknown
Burarra bu inheritance Yolngu
Dhangu buma inheritance
Dhuwal wut
Dhuwala ḏar' unknown
Diyari dandata inheritance
DiyariREU dandata inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu buma
Djapu wut unknown
Djinang baḏirdjigi unknown
Gajirrabeng deb unique NJ
Gooniyandi gard- unique
Gupapuyngu ḏar' unknown
Gurindji pa- inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr barbar kangaw XXngl glossed as cut, with ? barbar kangaw XXngl klossed as cud, widh ? inheritance
Jaru bu- inheritance
Jawi -ngayidima- [nungajedima] -ngayidima- [nungayedima] inheritance
Karajarri jinkanpa (1) inheritance
Kija tawarr unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala pungarri (2) inheritance
Miriwung theb unique NJ
Mithaka panrri inheritance
Mudburra luwa
Mudburra ba- inheritance
Ngamini pardapardapayi inheritance
Ngandi bu inheritance
Ngarluma batha-rrgu inheritance
Ngumbarl nalma indalm nowloo <nalma indalm nowloo> inheritance
Nhirrpi ngapa unique
Nimanburru -dam- [ma-daman] -dam- [ma-daman] inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta wanguna- (V2) unknown
Nyangumarta wilana- (V2)
Nyikina -alka- (I) -alka- (I) inheritance
Nyulnyul -dam- [ma-daman; ma'daman] XXgl to take aim, to hit, to aim at, beat -dam- [ma-daman; ma'daman] XXkl do dake ayim, do hid, do ayim ad, bead inheritance
Paakantyi bulda-bulda- unique
Pirriya palaanha unique
Pitta-Pitta pithi inheritance
Rirratjingu ḻiyun
Ritharrngu bu inheritance
Walmajarri pu- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru pirta- inheritance
Wubuy wu inheritance
Yan-nhangu buma inheritance
Yandruwandha parndri, parndripada inheritance
Yarluyandi pundi- inheritance
Yawarrawarrka pandriri inheritance
Yawuru dudyul + dujul + unknown
Achagua inúa, bása-eʒi inúa, bása-eʒi inheritance See Language page
Piapoco núaca núaka See Language page
Kabiyari uka:ka uka:ka See Language page
Yavitero má, jújuta má, húhuta See Language page
Bare watyuka watjuka See Language page
Wapishana ʐuitʃ ʐuitʃ unique See Language page
Wayuu ayata See Language page
Paresi mokotya mokotya inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -'eʔameka Also -'eʔahirika; -'eʔakereka. See Language page
Trinitario eʔo; estako See Language page
Baure nesta'kaβiyar nesta'kaβijar unique See Language page
Waurá maitʸa; tau-ta maitʸa; tau-ta inheritance; unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'wii-nu; 'wi'lʸi-nu Also 'wilʸi-'wilʸi-'ke-nu, to hit repeatedly. Also 'kaiʔ-nu; and 'c̷uʔ-nu, to poke with a stick. See Language page
Bora íčaáyo íčaájo inheritance See Language page
Muinane ídʒáyu-ʔi, gáβíríku-ʔi, gánɨɨkɨ-ʔi, gáɸúúβe-ʔi (ref) ídʒáju-ʔi, gáβíríku-ʔi, gánɨɨkɨ-ʔi, gáɸúúβɛ-ʔi (rɛf) See Language page
Akawaio iiwono iwono inheritance; unique See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect apiʃi, aʔʃi apiʃi, aʔʃi See Language page
Apalai ipipohnõko ipipohnõko inheritance See Language page
Wayana uhmo-uhmo uhmo-uhmo inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó taaka (to hit something hard, like bone) taaka unique See Language page
Makiritare -aiʔhuka-dɨ (IDS) -aiʔhuka-dɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wawë wawɛ See Language page
Wai Wai w-etaΦa-∅ w-etaΦa-∅ unique See Language page
Yabarana ehnɜ ʝa'ta:paɾi See Language page
Yukpa jünkacha, kichkoyuna, kuyúbira, maipo, matape, osikosa, sebo, sökocha, tichoka, tinkrucha, tésispa, urutka, yipsuraka, yubu, yúbura, yúkachara See Language page
Muisca ys bgyisuca ɨs βγɨisuka See Language page
Barí dõõ; buukši (?) Colombia: də'kaynə. See Language page
Northern Emberá karái, boropéi, booro-péi karái, boropéi, boːro-péi See Language page
Epena wɨ- See Language page
Guayabero ba (ref. to 'kill' - pa - sing. subject and object) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan unkuír (imp) unique See Language page
Cuiva ba, matabóba golpear, hit Huber & Reed 1992:352
Playero néhewa-tu, kúenta ('golpear (con palo)', hit (with a stick), akibabáne 'golpeando' - 'hitting' See Language page
Cofán tssaiye tshaije phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pzkómaama pʂkómaama unique See Language page
Taushiro a'cu'cuene aʔkuʔkɨnɨ See Language page
Páez pecue pekue See Language page
Tikuna nidagü (he hit me) nidagɨ unique See Language page
Urarina tõito tõito unique See Language page
Camsa xuénanana, xáxantɕetana xuénanana, xáxantɕetana See Language page
Andoke buʌ buʌ doubtful loan Witotoan See Language page
Pumé bede kʰae-iʊ See Language page
Puinave [-pãi] pãi unique See Language page
Ashuar awátratin, katsúmkatin awatratin, katsumkatin See Language page
Huambisa awatasa awatasa See Language page
Aguaruna awatút, íjut awatut, ixut inheritance; unknown See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect a-dɨ:k, dɨ:k, dɨg (Martins, 1999) unique See Language page
Matses cues, se, ton kues, se, ton unknown See Language page
Kakataibo pɨ'ɨ̃ka-ti tu'uṣ̌ka-ti 'to beat rapidly (e.g. carpinter bird)'; ma'taṣ̌ka-ti 'to hit the head'; čɨ'ɨ-ti 'to pound'. See Language page
Katukina rički- Refers to action when an object is used. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo tima-; čošati Many examples, depending on part of body affected. See Language page
Yaminahua sɨtɨ-kĩ; koša-kĩ Respectively; 'hit with fist or kick; hit with an object'. See Language page
Chácobo čaka-; pɨc̷a-; tooṣ̌-; raši čaka-; pɨc̷a-; tooṣ̌-; raši unknown; inheritance See Language page
Yagua juvay (person); jupati (inan. Ob.) xu:vaj; xu:pati unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua tulupuna tulupuna See Language page
Ingá makai, takachii makai, takatʃii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua macana, tacana makana, takana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano takay (with the hands), waqtay (with a stick) takaj , waqtaj See Language page
Piaroa he'a' ca'a' heɁaɁ saɁaɁ unknown See Language page
Sáliva poajaha poahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará 'páa See Language page
Barasano haa- haa- See Language page
Carapana 'pá-, bápe- 'pá-, bápe- See Language page
Makuna baje-re (could be a loan from Portuguese); ja-re; roca-re ('to punch in the face') (entire lexical entry is identical with pound/beat) baxe-ɾe; xa-ɾe; ɾoka-ɾe unknown See Language page
Yuruti 'páa-, 'dóte- 'páa-, 'dóte- See Language page
Waikhana kẽ- kẽ- See Language page
Siriano do'té-, 'pá- do'té-, 'pá- See Language page
Tanimuca pahe ri'ka pahe ri'ka unknown See Language page
Tatuyo 'pá- 'pá- See Language page
Tuyuka 'páa 'páa See Language page
Waimaja kʰɛ̃́ɛ̃̀ ~ páà kʰɛ̃́ɛ̃̀ ~ páà See Language page
Koreguaje vaimʉ baimʉ unknown See Language page
Siona jë'caji, je'njuji hɨʔkahi, heʔnwhi unknown See Language page
Secoya huaiye waijɛ See Language page
Karitiana mĩ mĩ unknown See Language page
Kokama ayuca ajuka unique See Language page
Wayampi -nupã -nupã inheritance See Language page
Aché pačo unique See Language page
Chiriguano nũpa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ᵐbota See Language page
Sirionó kurukʷa; iruã nua; ukʷa kurukʷa; iruã nua; ukʷa unique See Language page
Kamayurá nupã; petek nupã; petek inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Ocaina aadsí aadzí unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto bu-dá-de bu-dá-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto bu-tá-de, ɸa-te bu-tá-dɛ, ɸa-tɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto cuàɨ́; bu-ta-de, ɸaro-de kuàɯ́ (B83); bu-ta-dɛ, ɸaro-dɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito amuuni (also means to kill), amaniquɨɨni (hit with a stick) amuuni (also means to kill), amanikɨɨni (hit with a stick) inheritance See Language page
Záparo apinyu apinju See Language page
Wari toʔ toʔ See Language page
Araona iše; lawia Also kʷisolihi, hit with an instrument/object. See Language page
Ese Ejja kʷea-nahe unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo poho-kwe poho-kwe See Language page
Tacana iče-; ðapo-ha Also paď̶a-. See Language page
Cavineña a-ya, miri-ya; taro-; kac̷a-ya a-ya, miri-ya; taro-; kača-ya unique See Language page
Central Aymara tojjt´aña liḳˀi-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava βaheda; čɔte; popo Also pakari; siri. To pound and shell rice is ma'no-taku. See Language page
Itonama baʔbahke; čuduʔna Also ibahne; ikamo, ikamu. See Language page
Kwazá haunỹ- (also means stumble ) haunỹ- (also means stumble ) See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'tœhɲe Means to hit with ax. See Language page
Movima ɓai-na ɓai-na See Language page
Kaingang jẽtẽn, jẽgtẽn mrãn-mrãn; nə e; kã nə e See Language page
Suyá čičík čičík See Language page
Karajá bete; we See Language page
Djeoromitxi päpä, tümĩ pǝpǝ, tümĩ See Language page
Chipaya č̣axk-; xʷaxt-š Respectively: throw and hit with something like a stone; hit with hand or stick. See Language page
Mocoví y-owaʁan See Language page
Pilagá yi-ʔwaʁan See Language page
Toba i-waʁan See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aptikponki; antikponki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nentekpoŋaam Also neŋaʔheeykamˀ; neŋelnaapeeykamˀ. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i'lon See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja axaʔ ~ -exeʔ See Language page
Maca #NAME? To hit with something. See Language page
Nivaclé -pɔkɔx strike (hit, beat) With the hand. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo u'heeʔ See Language page
Mapudungun kupafɨ Ranquel forms: wima-; pavo-; kupav-; tu-; poṭ͡ʀikɨnɨ-. See Language page
Qawasqar c̷eḳows Also c̷elayker; c̷eyekar; c̷enak; c̷ektsaar; yerkʰo-lay. See Language page
Selknam hà See Language page
Tehuelche '-ah-y-e-; '-ahe- Respectively: to strike several times; to strike once. See Language page
Lokono fatadyn ɸatadɨn hit with hand or fist Pet 1987:360
Kariña wo wo hit, kill Courtz 2007:427