Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Mithaka

Family
Pama-Nyungan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
no
Location
-25.14°, 139.60°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar ngalyawaRa semantic shift
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar ngalyawaRa semantic shift
1sg yo eu grammar nganyi inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar yura inheritance
2sg xx xx grammar yini inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar tana inheritance
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar nhanhi inheritance
above encima, arriba acima location [missing] missing
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar [missing] missing
all todo todos other [missing] missing
and y e grammar [missing] missing
ankle tobillo tornozelo body 827 missing
armpit axila, sobaco axila body wakiRi inheritance
ashamed xx xx mental [missing] missing
ashes xx xx environment 3192 inheritance
at en, a em, a location -la inheritance
back espalda costas body 2304 inheritance
bad mal mal quality tirra inheritance
be alive xx xx body kuli unique
belly barriga barriga body wopu inheritance
below abajo, debajo abaixo location kaltyuRu unique
big grande grande quality pirna inheritance
bite morder morder body mataRi inheritance
black negro preto colour tjimpa inheritance
blood sangre sangue body kimba semantic shift
blow soplar soprar body [missing] missing
blunt xx xx quality ngaRamurnrdu inheritance
bone hueso osso body kambu inheritance
boomerang xx xx manufacture tjira inheritance
breast pecho, seno peito body ngama inheritance
breathe respirar respirar body [missing] missing
burn quemar queimar environment [missing] missing
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body [missing] missing
child niño, niña criança human purla unique
climb subir subir motion kati- inheritance
cloud nube nuvem environment turnrditirri inheritance
cold frío frio quality malt[h]i inheritance
come venir vir motion thajinda loan direction unknown
cook cocinar cozinhar impact kularni loan Yandruwandha?
count contar contar mental [missing] missing
cry llorar chorar mental inki- inheritance
cut xx xx impact dama inheritance
die/be dead morir morrer state palindu inheritance
dig cavar cavar impact [missing] missing
dingo/wolf fauna pandiyapa inheritance
dirty sucio sujo quality [missing] missing
dream soñar sonhar mental [missing] missing
drink beber, tomar beber body thapaji inheritance
dry seco seco quality [missing] missing
dust polvo poeira environment kunubutha inheritance
ear oreja orelha body ngara inheritance
earth/soil tierra terra environment pala inheritance
eat comer comer body tunru unique
egg huevo ovo fauna pampu inheritance
eye ojo olho body mirlki inheritance
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body kuna inheritance
fall caer cair motion puri- inheritance
far lejos longe quality yunrra inheritance
fat/grease grasa gordura body nyilki loan Yalarnnga
father padre, papá pai kinship ngapri inheritance
fear miedo medo mental kinyandu unique
feather pluma pena fauna [missing] missing
fire fuego fogo environment maka inheritance
fish xx xx fauna kupi doubtful loan Pitta-Pitta
flow fluir fluir motion [missing] missing
flower flor flor environment [missing] missing
fly volar voar motion kundindyirri unique
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment [missing] missing
foot pie pé body tina inheritance
fruit fruta fruta flora mangka inheritance
good bueno bom quality patyi inheritance
grow crecer crescer state [missing] missing
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body [missing] missing
hand mano mão body marda inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body kungku inheritance
hear oír ouvir mental pangginda loan direction unknown
heavy pesado pesado quality ngarda unique
hide esconder esconder motion [missing] missing
hit golpear, pegar bater impact panrri inheritance
hit (with hand) xx xx impact tirri(ri) inheritance
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other pardindadi inheritance
how? como como grammar [missing] missing
if si se grammar [missing] missing
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location [missing] missing
intestines intestinos intestinos body [missing] missing
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body [missing] missing
kill matar matar impact panrrindadi semantic shift
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental ngundindadi unique
lake lago lago environment 2889 missing
laugh reír rir mental kingki- inheritance
leaf hoja folha environment [missing] missing
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body [missing] missing
leg/foot pierna perna body pirna inheritance
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion [missing] missing
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment wajinina unique
liver hígado figado body kalu inheritance
long largo comprido, longo quality pajirri inheritance
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna kata inheritance
lung pulmón pulmão body muRali inheritance
man/male hombre homem human tyiritayiri unique
meat/flesh carne carne fauna ngatyandura unique
moon luna lua environment nyangi inheritance?
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship nganrri inheritance
mouth boca boca body dira inheritance
name nombre nome human [missing] missing
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body wakari inheritance
near/close cerca de perto quality [missing] missing
neck cuello pescoço body [missing] missing
new nuevo novo quality [missing] missing
night noche noite time [missing] missing
no/not no não grammar wakala unique
nose nariz nariz body mula inheritance
old viejo velho quality mutyutyu inheritance?
one uno um number kurnu inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other [missing] missing
other otro outro grammar [missing] missing
person/human being persona pessoa human karna inheritance
pimple xx xx body [missing] missing
rain lluvia chuva environment ngurli unique
red rojo vermelho colour tjirtiti unique
right/right hand derecha direita location/body [missing] missing
road/path camino caminho manufacture [missing] missing
roof xx xx manufacture [missing] missing
root raíz raiz flora [missing] missing
rotten podrido podre quality thungka inheritance
sand arena areia environment pala inheritance
say decir dizer mental paRingandakuli unique
scratch rascar rasgar impact [missing] missing
see ver ver mental kalindaRi unique
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality [missing] missing
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact [missing] missing
short corto curto quality warnrda inheritance
shoulder hombro ombro body pilpiri inheritance
sick xx xx body wamiwami unique
sit sentar(se) sentar state kuli inheritance?
skin piel pele body dala inheritance
sky cielo céu environment dikarra loan direction unknown
sleep dormir dormir body parrinda unique
small pequeño pequeno quality waka inheritance
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body thungka unique
smoke humo fumaça environment kutu inheritance
spit escupir cuspir body ngalytya inheritance
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact [missing] missing
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact [missing] missing
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact [missing] missing
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state tarrkija unique
star estrella estrela environment tinggu unique
steal robar roubar other [missing] missing
stone piedra pedra environment marda inheritance
suck chupar chupar body [missing] missing
sun sol sol time warlka loan Pitta-Pitta
sweat sudar suor, suar body kangu inheritance
swell hincharse inchar body [missing] missing
swim nadar nadar motion [missing] missing
tail cola, rabo rabo body nuRa inheritance
that ese/esa esse grammar nakiti inheritance
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality [missing] missing
thin delgado fino quality [missing] missing
think pensar pensar mental [missing] missing
this este/esta este grammar nuniyi unique
three tres tres number [missing] missing
throat garganta garganta body irlka unique
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact [missing] missing
thunder truenos trovão environment [missing] missing
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact [missing] missing
tongue lengua lingua body tharli inheritance
tooth diente dente body mirlka inheritance or loan depending on view of where Mithaka is placed
true xx xx quality [missing] missing
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other [missing] missing
two dos dois number parkula inheritance
vomit vomitar vomitar body [missing] missing
walk caminar, andar andar motion [missing] missing
water agua agua environment ngapa inheritance
wet mojado molhado quality [missing] missing
what? que, qué que grammar mina inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar winytyala unique
where? donde onde grammar wardali inheritance
white blanco branco colour warruputha inheritance
who? quien, quién quem grammar walu unique
wife esposa esposa kinship niwa inheritance
wind viento vento environment tjimu unique
wing ala asa body [missing] missing
woman/female mujer mulher human pulurlu unique
work trabajar trabalhar other [missing] missing
yawn bostezar bocejar body [missing] missing
yellow amarillo amarelo colour [missing] missing


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (9)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna murra unique
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna t[h]itha loan direction unknown
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna paja inheritance
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna munggugu unique
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna tirita inheritance
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna kantha inheritance
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna tjukuru inheritance
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna pardi inheritance?
spider araña aranha flora-fauna [missing] missing


Cultural Vocabulary (8)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture [missing] missing
bottom grinding stone manufacture [missing] missing
digging stick subsistence tool [missing] missing
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture [missing] missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [missing] missing
spearthrower subsistence tool wamaja inheritance
spear lanza lança subsistence tool winrra inheritance
house other wali inheritance


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG low mobile yes