Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hold

Semantic Field
other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
correr, asegurar, sostener
Meaning Portuguese
segurar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone cai” “hold in hand, lead” inheritance
Cahuilla -yaw- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok lotu/:-k:u- inheritance
Chemehuevi jawi/ni7i inheritance
Chumash Barbareno toq-lom from tak-lom Wash 2001:54) inheritance Wash 2001:23
Chumash Cruzeno 7ush7il “agarra” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ineseno ul'ish “grasp” inheritance A 19
Chumash Obispeno mitoLqo7 jamsuwa7 “I hold my baby (in arms)” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ventureno takHuj inheritance JPH
Cocopa shawi/n unknown
Comanche matsary “grasp” inheritance
Cupeño hewin-0 [hɨˈwin] inheritance
Gabrielino ya:w- inheritance
Iipay 'Aa weyuuw [wəˈjuˑ˅u] unknown
Kawaiisu jawi- inheritance
Kiliwa p-yaw, p-yaaw-u unknown
Kitanemuk ja inheritance
Lake Miwok wi/lik inheritance
Luiseño ya:w- inheritance
Maidu me/nu, inheritance
Mojave tahpaly= “hold onto”, kavaly'uk “hold a handful”, kacheq= “hold between legs”, etc. unknown
Mutsun hoyoy! Take it! Grasp it! inheritance O77:189
Nisenan sido:do (in the hand), inheritance
Northern Paiute tsahani “keep/hold” inheritance Thornes 03:170
Northern Sierra Miwok 7eteksy- unknown
Plains Miwok hanaksy- unknown
Salinan A espolo/x (A only) “catch, seize”; unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) quiipjc unknown
Serrano ja:yTik inheritance
Southern Paiute yangwi-q:ai "have in hand, hold when not walking" inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok lotu-ksY “hold down” inheritance
Southern Ute chA7ei inheritance
Tübatulabal jyyw-ut, jyww-ut inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone jaa” (sg. obj.) inheritance
Wappo ten-mi7 unknown E1993
Washo 7lu a/7pa unknown J549
Western Mono matsoga- “clench in one's hand” inheritance
Wintu c'aka: unknown
Yavapai i:kWi^thi “catch, grab, hold on”, HikWi^thi unknown
Yokuts Yowlumne c'owo “grasp” unknown N 1944:61
Yuki 7ah- “catch, hold, take” inheritance S&S1984
Yuma share/q “he grasps it” H1:27; xalyqic “to grasp” H5:94 unknown
Baniwa kodapéta kodapéta inheritance See Language page
Carijona awonɨhɨrɨ unique See Language page
Cubeo dʉrʉyʉ; tutavayʉ; tutayʉ dɨɾɨjɨ; tutavajɨ; tutajɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Dâw ray’ [in hand], ton [on back] haj’, tɔn unknown; inheritance See Language page
Desano ñea-ri jea-ɾi unique See Language page
Eñepa yapəʔ(-sɨ)(-si) (IDS) japəʔ(-sɨ)(-si) (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰtilẽ unique See Language page
Waorani pææ bã unique See Language page
Hup tɔn- ~tɔd- inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʔɨ̌bm unique See Language page
Makushi apiʔsɨ (SM) apiʔsɨ (SM) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu aikwé aikwé unknown See Language page
Ninam hɨa (EM72) hɨa inheritance See Language page
Nukak tʃah4 unique See Language page
Maihiki coayi kõãji inheritance See Language page
Pemon apiichii (E1980); e'sepu'to (M2000) apitʃi (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá huɨ (EM72) huɨ inheritance See Language page
Sikuani xáina unknown See Language page
Tariana káni káni inheritance See Language page
Tukano kɨo kɨo inheritance See Language page
Kotiria khʉa kʰʉa inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam fua fua inheritance See Language page
Yanomami tëaɨ təaɨ unique See Language page
Arabana parda- inheritance
Bardi -badi- XXgl be satisfied -badi- inheritance
Bunuba goorrij(ga) inheritance
Burarra rrimachichiya unknown
Dhangu baṯ unknown
Dhuwal gatha_x001E_ inheritance
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari par.rra inheritance
DiyariREU patanta inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang gatjigi inheritance
Gajirrabeng roo unique
Gooniyandi goorrij- inheritance
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji turt ma- loan Jaminjung
Jabirr-Jabirr -bad- [ma-baden] -bad- [ma-baden] inheritance
Jaru gurd unique
Karajarri muru manpa (1) inheritance
Kija kernek unique
Malyangapa Mal: yaka- unique
Mangala katimanarri (1) unknown
Miriwung roo unique NJ
Mithaka pardindadi inheritance
Mudburra durn
Mudburra durd unique
Ngamini patana inheritance
Ngandi rnima inheritance
Ngarluma ganyirni(-gu)
Ngumbarl ngabbooganda <ngabbooganda> inheritance
Nhirrpi mandri loan Wangkumarra
Nimanburru -bad- [ma-baden] -bad- [ma-baden] inheritance
Northern Mangarla katima
Northern Nyangumarta walini- (V2) unknown
Nyangumarta 4707
Nyikina -bardi- XXngl to hold onto something for someone. -bardi- inheritance
Nyulnyul ba:d baad inheritance
Paakantyi ŋarga-ŋarga- unique
Pirriya karramama unique
Pitta-Pitta parta inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu gatha inheritance
Walmajarri tarrparta- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru parta- inheritance
Wubuy rnima inheritance
Yan-nhangu ŋayathama inheritance
Yandruwandha pardra, pardrapardra inheritance
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru -bad- [ma-baden] -bad- [ma-baden] inheritance
Achagua kánakeriu kánakeriu inheritance See Language page
Piapoco pìacawa pìakawa See Language page
Yavitero kasita (hold, get) kasita (hold, get) See Language page
Wapishana ʐamt ʐamt unknown See Language page
Paresi milirika 'hold firmly'; otokahisa 'hold in hand' milirika 'hold firmly'; otokahitsa 'hold in hand' unique See Language page
Baure a'mo a'mo unique See Language page
Waurá ɨtuka ɨtuka unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ta-'na-nu See Language page
Bora ixkʰʸa (exist), kʰátʰóroʔxákʰo, tʰeʔme, maxčʰótsʰo (feed) ixkʰʲa (ɛxist), kʰátʰóroʔxákʰo, tʰɛʔmɛ, maxčʰótsʰo (fɛɛd) inheritance See Language page
Muinane ikka-ʔi (be), gááyɨkkɨnɨ-ʔi ikka-ʔi (bɛ), gáájɨkkɨnɨ-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio achii a'tʃi inheritance Proto-Carib? See Language page
Wai Wai ahsɨ-ko ahsɨ-ko inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari wak wak See Language page
Yukpa japucha, yepapo, yupakö See Language page
Kalapalo taŋu-ki taŋu-ki unique See Language page
Muisca cam bquysqua kam βkuɨskua See Language page
Northern Emberá erobhɨ́, erobhái erobhɨ́, erobhái See Language page
Guayabero mamámta, haelt ('grab') unknown See Language page
Macaguan nét(a) nét(a) unique See Language page
Cuiva bóta, bábata sostener, hold Huber & Reed 1992:368
Playero deréna ('tener algo para que no se mueva' - 'hold something so it won't move', babáta, sostener como una canoa para que no se voltea' - 'hold a canoe so it won't turn over') See Language page
Cofán indiye, a'mbiañe indijɛ, aʔmbi̡ãɲɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro ti' tiʔ See Language page
Páez uwe- uwe- See Language page
Tikuna eninguí (Alv44) eninguí unique See Language page
Urarina siiʨa si:tʃa unique See Language page
Camsa xotbajána, xtsatbinána xotbajána, xtsatbinána See Language page
Andoke ti (keep/hold) ti (keep/hold) unique See Language page
Pumé gõa; ida See Language page
Puinave [-wau] wau unique See Language page
Ashuar ampúktin ampúktin See Language page
Huambisa emetnatsa ɨmɨtnatsa See Language page
Aguaruna ichíchtut itʃitʃtut unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tɔn inheritance See Language page
Matses titinque titinke unknown See Language page
Kakataibo tuĩ-ti *Panoan *c̷oma- with related meaning 'seize'. See Language page
Katukina yatã- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo tɨwãti See Language page
Yaminahua c̷oma-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo ača-; iko- (the latter refers to specifically holding in one's arms) ača-; iko- (the latter refers to specifically holding in one's arms) unique See Language page
Yagua tarati, -ti (poss. cl.) tarati:, ti: unique See Language page
Ingá sinchiachii sintʃiatʃii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua quimichina kimitʃina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano phaway, kallpay (CP94) phawaj, kaʎpaj See Language page
Piaroa ću'wEdɨh s'uɁwædɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva jeajaha heahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará kɨ'o See Language page
Barasano kɨ́-o-, kɨ-tí kɨ́-o-, kɨ-tí See Language page
Carapana kɨ̃'gó- kɨ̃'gó- See Language page
Makuna tutu-re tutu-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'kɨ́o- 'kɨ́o- See Language page
Waikhana jẽ'ʔẽ- jẽ'ʔẽ- See Language page
Siriano jó- jó- See Language page
Tanimuca ri'ka-ri-ka ri'ka-ri-ka unique See Language page
Tatuyo kɨ'gó kɨ'gó See Language page
Tuyuka kɨ'ó kɨ'ó See Language page
Waimaja kɨ́'ó- kɨ́'ó- See Language page
Koreguaje kãhi- kãhi- inheritance See Language page
Siona rëonji rɨonhi unique See Language page
Secoya jëhuo jɨwɔ See Language page
Karitiana kak kak unknown See Language page
Kokama emete emete unique See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Aché pɨčɨ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano pɨsɨ; nõi inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨhɨ See Language page
Sirionó querecoquiatu, saarõ, nyoco (P85) kerekokiatu, saarõ, nyoko unique See Language page
Kamayurá pɨhɨk pɨhɨk inheritance See Language page
Ocaina annaβïata annaβɯata unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto motí-de motí-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto moθíño-te moθíɲo-tɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto moside, dubade moθidɛ, dubadɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Záparo as+nu asɨnu See Language page
Wari kep kep See Language page
Araona isea, toaba (?) See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo i'ɲa-kwe i'ɲa-kwe See Language page
Cavineña coger (C&L89) koger loan Spanish See Language page
Central Aymara llawintaña ʎawintaɲa See Language page
Cayuvava pãɲa See Language page
Movima eu-na eu-na See Language page
Kaingang kãgmĩ, kugmĩ mãn See Language page
Djeoromitxi pepe pepe See Language page
Mocoví l-oʔḳoo-ta-ʔa Lit. '3p actor-grasp-continuative-object'. See Language page
Pilagá l-a'soḳ-ot-ʔa Lit. '3pa-grasp-cont.-obj'. See Language page
Toba l-asoḳ-ta-ʔa Lit. '3p actor-grasp-continuative-object'. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apmanki; amanki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋmaykamˀ; neŋmaykaok See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hi-'wen See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -kiʔmeʔ ~ -siʔmeʔ See Language page
Maca -(e)kumi-kii See Language page
Nivaclé -tˀakum-kˀoya; -nčaʔx-šaʔne hold; hold https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo i'saaʔ See 11.130. See Language page
Mapudungun nɨ-nie See Language page
Selknam we; šè See Language page
Tehuelche 'aʔy- See Language page
Kanamarí duni dɯni segurar, agarrar Magalhães 2018:364
Lokono bokoton bokoton hold Pet 1987:360
Kariña apoi apoi seize; take; catch; hold Yamada 2010:715