Chumash Cruzeno

Family
Chumash
Region
North America
ISO 639-3
crz
Location
34.05°, -119.86°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (185)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
above encima, arriba acima location missing
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar missing
all todo todos other yemBla B is raised lower case b inheritance Klar 1977:63
and y e grammar hywan (also “but”), ty unknown JPH
ankle tobillo tornozelo body missing
armpit axila, sobaco axila body tok'olol “sobaco” inheritance JPH
ash ceniza(s) cinzas environment iqsha inheritance Klar 1977:67
at en, a em, a location ni-, ni-mi- inheritance
back espalda costas body pikHnyky (waist to shoulder) inheritance JPH
bad mal mal quality 7anisnemsh unknown JPH
belly barriga barriga body kujash unknown JPH
below abajo, debajo abaixo location kHtoton “low” (initial -) unknown Klar 1977:14, 129
big grande grande quality 7inu unknown JPH
bite morder morder body missing
black negro preto colour lastHpyn “prieto” unknown JPH
blood sangre sangue body 7axu7lis inheritance JPH
blow soplar soprar body 7aqwuta inheritance Klar 1977:70
boil/pimple espinilla, granos espinha, borbulha body missing
bone hueso osso body kukuje unknown JPH
breast pecho, seno peito body tutu inheritance Klar 1977:73
breathe respirar respirar body pHpoqtok “tu alma o aliento” unknown JPH
burn quemar queimar environment missing
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body missing
child niño, niña criança human ku7Uchu/ “under 10”, kunup unknown JPH
climb subir subir motion missing
cloud nube nuvem environment 7Iq'ts'i inheritance JPH
cold frío frio quality aq(7)t'a “es frio” inheritance JPH
come venir vir motion yet inheritance Klar 1977:77
cook cocinar cozinhar impact 7awyj “asar” inheritance JPH
correct/true verdad, de veras verdade quality lyqshta unknown JPH
count contar contar mental missing
cry llorar chorar mental 7ajan “llora” unknown JPH
cut/hack cortar cortar impact missing
day día dia time pHtanym “the sun, the day” unknown Klar 1977:129
die/be dead morir morrer state q'ini unknown JPH
dig cavar cavar impact missing
dingo/wolf fauna alaxewel “coyote” (deceiver) unknown JPH
dirty sucio sujo quality missing
dream soñar sonhar mental missing
drink beber, tomar beber body 7aqmil inheritance Klar 1977:22
dry seco seco quality missing
dull/blunt sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo maçante, desamolado, não afiado quality missing
dust polvo poeira environment missing
ear oreja orelha body tu7u, tu loan direction unknown Klar 1977
earth/soil tierra terra environment shup inheritance Klar 1977:83
eat comer comer body 7ast'a come! inheritance
egg huevo ovo fauna shtum inheritance JPH
eye ojo olho body tech inheritance Klar 1977:84
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body chiwanipy7ych “voy a cagar” unknown JPH
fall caer cair motion missing
far lejos longe quality (i)yakay “far”, mykych inheritance Klar 1977
fat/grease grasa gordura body missing
father padre, papá pai kinship qy unknown Klar 1977:51
fear miedo medo mental mlity7men “tengo miedo” inheritance JPH
feather pluma pena fauna sqapa loan direction unknown JPH
fire fuego fogo environment ne inheritance Klar 1977:86
fish xx xx fauna ple7es unknown JPH
flow fluir fluir motion missing
flower flor flor environment t-spe7-cI (language?? “Old Placido” inheritance JPH
fly volar voar motion no7o mawytwyt “I fly” unknown JPH
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment 7ushkum unknown JPH
foot pie body missing
fruit fruta fruta flora missing
good bueno bom quality jaja unknown JPH
grow crecer crescer state missing
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body tohol “cabello” loan direction unknown JPH
hand mano mão body pa-tsh-Hpui inheritance Klar 1977:15
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar tuwu unknown JPH
head cabeza cabeça body p-isp'uluwa unknown JPH
hear oír ouvir mental takHwi inheritance JPH
heavy pesado pesado quality missing
hide esconder esconder motion missing
hit golpear, pegar bater impact pikna JPH
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other 7ush7il “agarra” inheritance JPH
how? como como grammar missing
1sg yo eu grammar no7o loan JPH
if si se grammar missing
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location ni-mawa unknown JPH
intestines intestinos intestinos body koni “tripas” unknown
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body missing
kill matar matar impact 7ala-nits'y “lo mato/” unknown JPH
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental Xupe “saber” unknown JPH
lake lago lago environment missing
laugh reír rir mental missing
leaf hoja folha environment tsuluqap loan JPH
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body kawach mano izquierda inheritance JPH
leg/foot pierna perna body nimel (foot, leg), pHkyt?? 0121R unknown JPH
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion tikla unknown JPH
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment squnt'aw inheritance JPH
live/be alive vivir viver, morar body missing
liver hígado figado body cal inheritance Klar 1977:95
long largo comprido, longo quality luluje inheritance JPH
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna missing
lung pulmón pulmão body missing
man/male hombre homem human 7alamujun unknown JPH
meat/flesh carne carne fauna le7esh unknown JPH
moon luna lua environment 7awhay' loan Klar 1977:91
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship lo unknown Klar 1977:51
mouth boca boca body 7ych inheritance Klar 1977:50, 99
name nombre nome human te inheritance Klar 1977:18
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body ne inheritance JPH
near/close cerca de perto quality kaham unknown JPH
neck cuello pescoço body ne inheritance Klar 1977:19
new nuevo novo quality missing
night noche noite time laXimaj unknown JPH
no/not no não grammar -ani-, he "No" inheritance Klar 1977:59
nose nariz nariz body p-ishchono unknown JPH
old viejo velho quality 7aquchu (and “old man”) unknown JPH
one uno um number ismala unknown Klar 1977:120
open/uncover abrir abrir other missing
other otro outro grammar pali unknown JPH
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body 7akunisy7 unknown JPH
person/human being persona pessoa human 7alajew “gentes” unknown JPH
pound/beat machacar, golpear bater impact hiwekH “machucar” inheritance JPH
rain lluvia chuva environment tuhuy inheritance Klar 1977:24
red rojo vermelho colour lishHy “colorado” unknown JPH
right/right hand derecha direita location/body quluja “mano derecha” inheritance JPH
road/path camino caminho manufacture missing
root raíz raiz flora ts'aqpilil “root, nerve, bowstring” inheritance JPH
rotten podrido podre quality missing
sand arena areia environment missing
say decir dizer mental 7i inheritance Klar 1977:109
scratch rascar rasgar impact missing
see ver ver mental tyl unknown JPH
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality missing
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact missing
short corto curto quality missing
shoulder hombro ombro body missing
shy/ashamed tímido, vergonzoso timido, com vergonha mental missing
sit sentar(se) sentar state 7ishkHnyhyj “sientate”, pishknyhyt “tu te sientas” unknown JPH
skin piel pele body missing
sky cielo céu environment nawani unknown JPH
sleep dormir dormir body we loan JPH
small pequeño pequeno quality kuch'u loan JPH
smoke humo fumaça environment loxkHsho unknown JPH
sniff/smell olfatear, oler cheirar body missing
spit escupir cuspir body missing
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact missing
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact missing
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact missing
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state kHakan “parado” 7alakHaka “el sta/ parado” inheritance JPH
star estrella estrela environment 7aHli7k'i, 7aqli7k'i7 at 0302 unknown JPH
steal robar roubar other missing
stick/wood palo pau, vara flora pon' “stick, wood, tree” inheritance Klar 1977:116
stone piedra pedra environment wa (appears as pa-wa) unknown JPH
suck chupar chupar body tipaLjet “yo chupo” unknown JPH
sweat sudar suor, suar body missing
swell hincharse inchar body missing
swim nadar nadar motion 7alachu (?) unknown JPH
tail cola, rabo rabo body (c)itp'ap'a unknown JPH
that ese/esa esse grammar tu7wi “ese, aquel” unknown JPH
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar missing
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality missing
thin delgado fino quality missing
think pensar pensar mental missing
this este/esta este grammar 7iju unknown JPH
2sg xx xx grammar pi7i inheritance JPH
three tres tres number masyx inheritance Klar 1977:121
throat garganta garganta body oqHjoku7ush “garganta” unknown JPH
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact 7iwatije! (of harpoon) unknown JPH
thunder truenos trovão environment hoqk'ohon inheritance JPH
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact missing
tongue lengua lingua body 7elew inheritance JPH
tooth diente dente body cHa7a, -asa inheritance Klar 1977:113
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other missing
two dos dois number 7ishchom inheritance Klar 1977:29, 120
vomit vomitar vomitar body missing
walk caminar, andar andar motion je7e “anda” inheritance JPH
water agua agua environment mihi inheritance Klar 1977:82
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar missing
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar mashche (pl) unknown JPH
wet mojado molhado quality missing
what? que, qué que grammar weta, nuwash7a unknown JPH
when? cuando quando grammar homi7inI inheritance JPH
where? donde onde grammar nuka-, we-, we7e inheritance JPH
white blanco branco colour 7alapipiw “es blanco” unknown JPH
who? quien, quién quem grammar missing
wife esposa esposa kinship alwitanin unknown JPH
wind viento vento environment aqta-kyt inheritance Klar 1977:70
wing ala asa body snaqteks “wings” unknown JPH
woman/female mujer mulher human hemych unknown JPH
work trabajar trabalhar other missing
yawn bostezar bocejar body missing
yellow amarillo amarelo colour lisqejen “green/blue, yellow” unknown JPH
2pl ustedes vocês grammar pishche (2), piche (pl) inheritance JPH


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (8)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna tishy7lyl “any ant” unknown JPH
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna wish “any bird” loan direction unknown JPH
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna 7ulupawapawA inheritance JPH
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna wuchu unknown JPH
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna swyly unknown JPH
deer venado veado, cariacu flora-fauna missing
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna missing
spider araña aranha flora-fauna missing


Cultural Vocabulary (10)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture missing
thatch/roof crisneja palha, caraná culture-material 7ulushaw unknown JPH
bottom grinding stone manufacture 7alqap inheritance JPH
digging stick subsistence tool missing
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture ts'unijyk “mano de mortero” inheritance JPH
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool tup'an “bow” unknown Klar 1999
spear lanza lança subsistence tool ya7a “arrow” inheritance Klar 1977:65
house other 7awa unknown Klar 1977:50


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG dense sedentary no