Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

rotten

Semantic Field: quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: podrido
Meaning Portuguese: podre

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	bádáiʒiú, iʒídui	bádáiʒiú, iʒídui		inheritance; unknown			See Language page
Aché		mɨda		unique			See Language page
Aguaruna	kaujú, mámush	kauxu, mamuʃ		inheritance; unique			See Language page
Akawaio	akmooda	aʔmoda		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	ikɤi	ikɤi					See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Apalai	nuriame	nuriame		unique			See Language page
Arabana	murlu			unique
Araona		iwi; oli; c̷oto				Cf. 'nose' 04.230. Tacn form is iwi-.	See Language page
Ashuar	káuru	kauru					See Language page
Ayoreo		tara'taa-i; tara'taa-ge				'It is r.' tara'taʔ. 'To be r.' pu'n̥ui; pu'n̥ua 04.441; verbal form is oo pu'n̥uik.	See Language page
Baniwa	pa, mokóme	pa, mokóme		inheritance; unknown			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	tek'-nah 199			loan
Barasano	hogá-se	hogá-se					See Language page
Bardi	biini	biini		inheritance
Bará		boa					See Language page
Barí		ããnta				Colombia: buxšurə. Chibchan form is 'dũ.	See Language page
Baure	poshe; posok	poshe; posok		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	pisi” pisi-ppyh “decayed, rotten, something rotten, pus, mold”			inheritance
Bora	tʰóókʰï-ne, rááráá, čʰáxaaβé-né	tʰóókʰɯ-nɛ, rááráá, čʰáxaaβέ-nέ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	muthura			unknown
Burarra	-gulol			unknown
Cahuilla	pis'ish (that which is rotten)			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xanguána	xanguána					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kochaari	kotʃaaɾi		unique			See Language page
Carapana	bóá-	bóá-					See Language page
Carijona	ikətarɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-riri; iwina-ya; poc̷o; hakona-ya	e-riri; iwina-ya; počo; hakona-ya		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		čuhu ~ čuuha; hɨ				Also põnõ; poto; rikaβã.	See Language page
Central Aymara	ñusata	ɲusata					See Language page
Cha'palaa		'pete; 'peʔ-nu				Respectively: modifier; verbal form. Cf. 'defecate' 04.660. South Barbacoan form is peteN.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	piki/ V “to rot”			inheritance
Chipaya		moxkči					See Language page
Chiriguano		-h-ũu		unknown			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		ifʷyesam					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	topshok'in			unknown			Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno	to-pHototon “to rot, fall apart” (to- diseased state)			unknown			A 362
Chumash Obispeno	tspaLhani (of wood)			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	tolmow			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	βoaṣ̌a; pisi	βoaṣ̌a; pisi		doubtful loan; inheritance	S. Arawak, cf. Baure poshe		See Language page
Cocopa	shax “to be rotten”			inheritance
Cofán	congomba	koŋgomba				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	papYsipY			inheritance
Cubeo	to rot: maume; pojeyʉ; ʉ̃roteyʉ	maume; poxejɨ; ɨ̃rotejɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		tsábana	podrido, rotten				Huber & Reed 1992:341
Cupeño	pisa'i-sh	[pɪˈsaɁɪʃ]		inheritance
Desano	to rot: boa-ri	boa-ɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	barrpa(')			inheritance
Dhuwal	boḻuku
Dhuwala	boḻuku			unknown
Diyari	thungka			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	boḻuku			unknown
Djapu	[missing]			missing
Djeoromitxi	to, here	to, here					See Language page
Djinang	ḏuḻing			unknown
Dâw	dox	dɔx		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		be'rau; pʰo'kʰee; mi'kʰia				Respectively: 'rotten; rotten plant material or wood; rotten food'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		-ʔiwi; -tai		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	kia-ʔiwi; e-ʔiwi (Girard 1971)	kia-ʔiwi; e-ʔiwi					See Language page
Eñepa	y-usuka-sa (IDS)	j-usuka-sa (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Gajirrabeng	bagoorlng			unique
Gooniyandi	thoowoorndoo			unique
Guayabero		xoep ('frutas podridas' - 'rotten fruit', sáˀla 'herida infectada' - infected wound, xasái 'carne podrida' - 'rotten meat'		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	boḻuku			unknown
Gurindji	puka			loan
Hodï		wali-bu		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	kauru	kauru					See Language page
Hup	d'ɔh- (v.)	d'ɔh- (v.)		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		-muyu; -ka-muyu-ka					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	weshah	[wəˈşaɰ̥]		inheritance
Ingá	wabka	wabka					See Language page
Iquito	mucuúja (used for meat); puquícu (for things other than meat, like logs)	mukuúha (used for meat); pukíku (for things other than meat, like logs)		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		woroʔtʸa					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	bi""n	biin		inheritance
Jaru	buga			inheritance
Kabiyari	matá	matá					See Language page
Kaingang	kòrèg	kɔrɛŋ; kɔriŋrɛŋ; kunãɲ					See Language page
Kakataibo		pisi					See Language page
Kakua		mǔp/mǒp		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	itsatsak, itsar~em (M2000)	itsatsak, itsar~em (M2000)		unknown			See Language page
Karajarri	pirniny			inheritance
Karajá		irɔ					See Language page
Kariña	tykota	tɨkota	rotten; spoiled				Yamada 2010:816
Karitiana	nãm	nãm		inheritance			See Language page
Katukina		payo					See Language page
Kawaiisu	7ataa-kwee-py			loan direction unknown
Kija	nhuwul			unique
Kiliwa	sax (podrir)			inheritance
Kitanemuk	pishka7			inheritance
Kokama	pua	pua		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	vʉʉsomʉ	vʉʉsomʉ		unique			See Language page
Kotiria	ba	báa		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	ho-	ho-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ku/uh (of meat)			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	boadonoan	boadonoan	rotten				Pet 1987:369
Luiseño	pisa/7a- “to rot”			inheritance
Maca		ɬoḳˀoḳxiʔ					See Language page
Macaguan		tutsép		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	t'y/npe (as animal matter)			unknown
Maihiki	pɨ̃ka-hĩ	pɨ̃ka-hĩ		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	čə̄tāhəɨ (IDS)	čə̄tāhəɨ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	similar: joga-rise 'to rot'	xoga-rise		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	aa-kata-saʔ (IDS)	aa-kata-saʔ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	thungka			loan
Mangala	bīninj			inheritance
Mapoyo	sokopaapë (fruit); tuhtuhke (wood/other)	sokopaapɛ (fruit); tuhtuhke (wood/other)					See Language page
Mapudungun		funa-n				Ranquel form is vunan-.	See Language page
Matses	pisen	pisen		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	θabi-de, rḯɸai-de	θabi-dɛ, rɯ́ɸai-dɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	bagoolng			unique	NJ
Mithaka	thungka			inheritance
Mocoví		ni-čigaʔ					See Language page
Mojave	isah=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		fo'koi				'Stinking'.	See Language page
Movima	ɗon̉-ra-ni	ɗon̉-ra-ni					See Language page
Mudburra	buka			inheritance
Mudburra	nungulyu			unique
Muinane	túúkɨ-no, núkúkuu-no	túúkɨ-no, núkúkuu-no					See Language page
Murui Witoto	θabi-de, rïɸai-de	θabi-dɛ, rɯɸai-dɛ		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	pothenin “(it) rotted”			inheritance			O77:81, 211
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʔaʃa:ɟ, ʔaʃa:j		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ismushca	ismuʃka					See Language page
Ngamini	thungka			inheritance
Ngandi	bagoolng			unique
Ngarluma	ngurlungurlu
Ngumbarl	karrail	<karrail>		unique
Nheengatu	uka	uka		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	thungga			inheritance
Nimanburru	bi""n	biin		inheritance
Ninam	tare (EM72)	taɾe		inheritance			See Language page
Nivaclé		ɬok-xi	rotten				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	mĩŋgía númʉa	mĩŋgía númʉa					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	[missing]			missing
Northern Nyangumarta	pirniny			inheritance
Northern Paiute	pihi “rotten, of meat”			inheritance			Thornes 03:298
Northern Sierra Miwok	jepe-,			inheritance
Nukak		duiʔ4		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	puka			unknown
Nyikina	janngu	janngu		unique
Nyulnyul	bi""n	biin		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	θabí-de, rḯpai-de	θabí-dɛ, rɯ́pai-dɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	dsoou (to rot; meat)	dzooɯ		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	puka			inheritance
Paraguayan Guaraní		ituǰu; tuǰu					See Language page
Paresi	kaiyalahare	kaijalahare		unique			See Language page
Pemon	itekasak, ike (A1981); ikö (M2000)	itekasak, ike (A1981)		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	mùsumùsuìri	mùsumùsuìri					See Language page
Piaroa	kuai'ca'a	kuaiɁsaɁa		unique			See Language page
Pilagá		ni-čiʔya					See Language page
Pirriya	thungka			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	kutya			inheritance
Plains Miwok	puse:na- (food),			inheritance
Playero		tsabána					See Language page
Puinave	[-kai] (high tone)	kai		unique			See Language page
Pumé	tupuchjá						See Language page
Páez	camp	kamp					See Language page
Qawasqar		aḳs-na				From Ag. Cf. 'stinking' 15.260. Ag. records fkanoks-na; Gui records paskes.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	ismu	ismu					See Language page
Resígaro	amaa?kátshí	amaaʔkátsʰí		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	barrpa
Ritharrngu	barrpa			inheritance
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		antahapki					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		aktahapma; altektahapma; alkoŋnammaɬkaʔ					See Language page
Sanumá	hote (EM72)	hote		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	pocaji	põ'kahi					See Language page
Selknam		wàčè, wal					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	czimpxa			unknown
Serrano	apiSqa7i			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		payo-ti					See Language page
Sikuani		tsabána(tuxu-tsáeba, 'oler a podrido' - 'to smell rotten')		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	pũʔka-hi	pũʔka-hi		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	bo'á-	bo'á-					See Language page
Sirionó	eai̯; ereĩ; emano; eroorẽ (emano refers to rotten rice or manioc; eroorẽ refers to rotten meat)	eai̯; ereĩ; emano; eroorẽ		unique			See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	ismu	ismu					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	Toke-:muH-			inheritance
Southern Ute	piki “be rotten”			inheritance
Sáliva	bihlãchẽ	biʔlãʧẽ		unique			See Language page
Tacana		iwi-da-; horo-horo				The latter refers to such things as wood or cloth.	See Language page
Tanimuca	ra 'ba ri'ka	ra 'ba ri'ka		unique			See Language page
Tariana	í:peri	í:peri		unique			See Language page
Tatuyo	bo'á-	bo'á-					See Language page
Tehuelche		'posḳnk					See Language page
Tikuna	ni2yi3xi3 (A58)	nijiʔi		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ti-kɔta-e (rot)	ti-kɔta-e		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		n-čiga					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Trumai	xeʔne xeʔne	xeʔne xeʔne		unique			See Language page
Tukano	boa-	boa-		inheritance			See Language page
Tuyuka	'bóa	'bóa					See Language page
Tümpisa Shoshone	pisi”,			inheritance
Urarina	setï	setʉ		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	t-mata-ši	t-mata-ši		loan	Arawak		See Language page
Waikhana	aʔ'ba-	aʔ'ba-					See Language page
Waimaja	bo'á(-), bo'á-ro	bo'á(-), bo'á-ro					See Language page
Walmajarri	mantu			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	kuja			inheritance
Waorani	yõbæ̃-ĩ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	dyɨpʰɨša-ʔu	dyɨpʰɨša-ʔu		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	k'u/pa			loan direction unknown
Wari	šowuru	ʃowuru					See Language page
Warrwa	mandungirany; maandu	mandungirany; maandu		unique
Washo	7i/peshi			loan			J248
Waurá	ɨhɨ; ukuwa	ɨhɨ; ukuwa		unknown; doubtful loan	Tupi-Guarani, cf. also Carib		See Language page
Wayampi	nɛ̃	nɛ̃		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	mata	mata		loan	Arawak		See Language page
Wayuu		itt-ɨ-sɨ				Also itt-ɨ-ši.	See Language page
Western Mono	pihi-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		na'het					See Language page
Wintu	julel			loan direction unknown
Wubuy	nhuwul			unique
Yabarana		tuhtuhta'sapo					See Language page
Yagua	purya (smells ~); puñu (~ corpse); -pu, -po (suff.)	purja; puɲu; pu; po		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		payoko-mɨ-a					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ṉurrukayirri			unknown
Yandruwandha	kutawirri, thungga			inheritance
Yanomam	tare (EM72)	taɾe		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	horepɨ, horepɨano	hoɾepɨ, hoɾepɨano		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	thungka			inheritance
Yavapai	t?e/li “spoiling”			unknown
Yavitero	méteji(ji)	métehi(hi)					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	thungwa			inheritance
Yawuru	bininy	bininy		inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami	pawt/-kan/-nah			inheritance			CHM Berman 2002
Yuhup	d'ɔ̌h	d'ɔ̌h		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	loT'-			unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa	tekói, tikói, tikope, tueme						See Language page
Yukuna	majani	mahani		inheritance?			See Language page
Yuruti	bóa-	bóa-					See Language page
Záparo	mukaka	mukaka					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yokuts Palewyami
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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