Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Kija

Family
Jarakan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
gia
Location
-17.72°, 127.68°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (185)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
above encima, arriba acima location laarn loan
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar X inheritance
all todo todos other X
and y e grammar
ankle tobillo tornozelo body lengkal- loan Ngarinyin
armpit axila, sobaco axila body karrwi inheritance
ash ceniza(s) cinzas environment kawurn-pe loan
at en, a em, a location n inheritance
back espalda costas body therla- unique NJ
bad mal mal quality yilkuwurru unique NJ
belly barriga barriga body jaam inheritance
below abajo, debajo abaixo location yilak inheritance
big grande grande quality nawarra unique NJ
bite morder morder body wert inheritance
black negro preto colour manpe- inheritance
blood sangre sangue body kungulu inheritance NJ
blow soplar soprar body pumu inheritance
boil/pimple espinilla, granos espinha, borbulha body mirrjil unique NJ
bone hueso osso body kuji- loan NGY
breast pecho, seno peito body kamu-m inheritance
breathe respirar respirar body ngayirr inheritance
burn quemar queimar environment paperr unique
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body X inheritance
child niño, niña criança human kurntuka- unique
climb subir subir motion pertij inheritance
cloud nube nuvem environment ngumul inheritance
cold frío frio quality warnka- inheritance
come venir vir motion X missing
cook cocinar cozinhar impact kert unique
correct/true verdad, de veras verdade quality yijiya- inheritance
count contar contar mental X
cry llorar chorar mental ngartawu loan Bunuban
cut/hack cortar cortar impact kaj- inheritance
day día dia time tirranten unique
die/be dead morir morrer state nhang loan Gooniyandi
dig cavar cavar impact jarrij loan
dingo/wolf fauna marrany-ji loan NGY
dirty sucio sujo quality manpuluwulu unique
dream soñar sonhar mental kuni inheritance
drink beber, tomar beber body ngurluk inheritance
dry seco seco quality tilpu inheritance
dull/blunt sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo maçante, desamolado, não afiado quality nhunmu- unique
dust polvo poeira environment jurtu-m loan NGY
ear oreja orelha body yarte unique
earth/soil tierra terra environment jila inheritance
eat comer comer body jang inheritance
egg huevo ovo fauna gerewul inheritance
eye ojo olho body murlu- inheritance
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body mana unique
fall caer cair motion partal unique
far lejos longe quality ngirri-pawurru 'not close' inheritance
fat/grease grasa gordura body murlungku- loan
father padre, papá pai kinship ngapu- inheritance
fear miedo medo mental jilpa inheritance
feather pluma pena fauna ?pinkirr- loan NGY
fire fuego fogo environment marne- unique
fish xx xx fauna kurntarri- inheritance
flow fluir fluir motion X missing
flower flor flor environment thawala-m inheritance
fly volar voar motion tuwap inheritance
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment ? unique
foot pie pé body thamparla- inheritance
fruit fruta fruta flora mayi- 'veg food' inheritance
good bueno bom quality menkawu- unique
grow crecer crescer state pethata unique
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body yamparra- inheritance
hand mano mão body marla- loan NGY
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar nhawu inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body kungkulu- unique
hear oír ouvir mental rangka inheritance
heavy pesado pesado quality jumpurn- unique
hide esconder esconder motion merrep unique
hit golpear, pegar bater impact tawarr unique
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other kernek unique
how? como como grammar kapu inheritance
1sg yo eu grammar ngayin inheritance
if si se grammar X
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location walik unique
intestines intestinos intestinos body liyirri-m'stomach' jaramperle'big guts' unique
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body yayi unique NJ
kill matar matar impact thet unique
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental pinarri loan NGY
lake lago lago environment X missing
laugh reír rir mental kalkal inheritance
leaf hoja folha environment kanarra- inheritance
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body waruku- inheritance
leg/foot pierna perna body thamparla- inheritance
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion paku loan Bunuban
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment X inheritance
live/be alive vivir viver, morar body X
liver hígado figado body mirli- inheritance
long largo comprido, longo quality meraangarri unique
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna yiwiny unique
lung pulmón pulmão body kawu-m inheritance
man/male hombre homem human jiyile- inheritance
meat/flesh carne carne fauna miyal- inheritance
moon luna lua environment karnki-ny, Jawurrany- inheritance
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship kura- loan Ngarinyin
mouth boca boca body thewernta- inheritance
name nombre nome human yinginy- inheritance
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body wengkarra-m unique NJ
near/close cerca de perto quality ngirripa- unique
neck cuello pescoço body wurlu-m unique NJ
new nuevo novo quality kelenge- inheritance
night noche noite time mentewe unique
no/not no não grammar nguwan inheritance
nose nariz nariz body nyumpurr- inheritance
old viejo velho quality warnarra- unique
one uno um number jirrawu- inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other remparrk unique
other otro outro grammar yakenge- unique
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body warrern inheritance
person/human being persona pessoa human jiyile- inheritance
pound/beat machacar, golpear bater impact taj inheritance
rain lluvia chuva environment jatany unique
red rojo vermelho colour ngenheng- inheritance
right/right hand derecha direita location/body jutu-piny loan NGY
road/path camino caminho manufacture panan- inheritance
root raíz raiz flora lengkal- loan Ngarinyin
rotten podrido podre quality nhuwul unique
sand arena areia environment warraye-l inheritance
say decir dizer mental jarrak unique
scratch rascar rasgar impact kirrkirr unique
see ver ver mental tek unique
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality jalingkiri unique
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact thelpawu inheritance
short corto curto quality kurtungu- unique
shoulder hombro ombro body lawate- shoulder blade inheritance
shy/ashamed tímido, vergonzoso timido, com vergonha mental kanype, mulungpel inheritance
sit sentar(se) sentar state rurt unique
skin piel pele body wajawurr-,mukun-pe, manyjangala--pernnga- 'bark' unique NJ
sky cielo céu environment pirriny-ji unique NJ
sleep dormir dormir body muyu inheritance
small pequeño pequeno quality wanyake- unique NJ
smoke humo fumaça environment kungulu inheritance
sniff/smell olfatear, oler cheirar body ngart unique
spit escupir cuspir body thupak inheritance
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact lak inheritance
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact jany unique
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact ngapurt (v) unique
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state that loan Ngarinyin
star estrella estrela environment warta-l loan Bunuban
steal robar roubar other yemerl unique
stick/wood palo pau, vara flora kuwulu- inheritance
stone piedra pedra environment ngarrkale-, ngaariny (archaic) inheritance
suck chupar chupar body jung inheritance
sweat sudar suor, suar body X unique
swell hincharse inchar body pempere loan
swim nadar nadar motion nyirreka unique
tail cola, rabo rabo body nyawa- inheritance
that ese/esa esse grammar ngurru- inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar perre- inheritance
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality X missing
thin delgado fino quality wanyja- unique
think pensar pensar mental linga-linga unique
this este/esta este grammar perra- inheritance
2sg xx xx grammar nyengen inheritance
three tres tres number merrkern- inheritance
throat garganta garganta body wurlu-m unique
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact waj- unique
thunder truenos trovão environment turlturlp unique
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact mert loan Bunuban
tongue lengua lingua body tharlarla- inheritance
tooth diente dente body minyjuwu- loan Bunuban
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other tuwurrng 'turn over' unique
two dos dois number pangariny unique
vomit vomitar vomitar body yurlak inheritance
walk caminar, andar andar motion kirli inheritance
water agua agua environment kurlu- inheritance
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar yarrepen inheritance
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar yuwurrun inheritance
wet mojado molhado quality kiyi-m inheritance
what? que, qué que grammar kapu inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar kapukana inheritance
where? donde onde grammar kayi unique
white blanco branco colour ngelyak-pe unique
who? quien, quién quem grammar yangela inheritance
wife esposa esposa kinship ngulnga loan NGY
wind viento vento environment kernkale-ny, walurrji inheritance
wing ala asa body X missing
woman/female mujer mulher human ngali-l inheritance
work trabajar trabalhar other warrkam loan Kriol
yawn bostezar bocejar body ngapurayi unique
yellow amarillo amarelo colour kurntukurntulji inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar nengkerrepen inheritance


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (136)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis warlpawuny warlpawuny inheritance warlpawu Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae rakiny, rakil rakiny, rakil inheritance raki Jarragan also rakil other complex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus taparuny taparuny inheritance taparu Jarragan also tapawariny, tapariny, taparungany (?) walakiny WW %taparu underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba tumpuny tumpuny loan Worrorra WW %dumbi underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer tayiwul tayiwul inheritance tyaliwa Jarragan other complex 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp pankalji pankaltyi inheritance parnkal Jarragan other complex 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris pakany pakany inheritance paka Jarragan WW %pankal underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna jirekel jirekel inheritance jirilke Jarragan WW %tyireke underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae milwurrangel milwurrangel unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus tawul tawul unknown underived 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis yumpany yumpany unknown underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri mawurriny mawurriny inheritance mawurri Jarragan underived 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae wanyi(ny) wanyi(ny) unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species lumukul lumukul inheritance lumuke Jarragan WW %luma underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii jawurrul jawurrul inheritance thelkakurru Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda kurrantal kurrantal inheritance kurrantal Jarragan WW %kurrantal underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus karrkany(ji) karrkany(ji) inheritance karrkany Jarragan WW %kurrantal underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula nangkuny nangkuny inheritance nangku Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) kumpulangil kumpulangil loan Ngumpin-Yapa WW %kumpurla underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius wintuwul wintuwul inheritance wirntiku Jarragan also juwal, juwany, juwalji underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis pingkunyil pingkunyil unique WW %wintuku underived 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis pinkirrpal pinkirrpal unique CB: loan or calque? derived wing/feather - having; pinkirr-pa 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata ngawuny(ji) ngawuny(ji) unique underived 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera warlimarrkul warlimarrkul inheritance walmarrku Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera jurnpayil jurnpayil unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) ngerntany ngerntany unique also ngirntany WW %kurrakurra underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda pirrkulany pirrkulany inheritance pirrkula Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae kurrakurral kurrakurral inheritance kurrakurra Jarragan also kurrukurral WW %kurrakurra reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes kerlarukul kerlarukul unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species karrangkarrangu, karrangkarranginy karrangkarrangu, karrangkarranginy inheritance karrakarrangu Jarragan also karrangkarranginy underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo marranyji marranyji loan Ngumpin-Yapa also marranyil, merlarri WW %marrany underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris jula(ny) jula(ny) inheritance tyula Jarragan also ngarriyanytyi underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae jipllyuwul jipllyuwul inheritance tyipilyuku also jipilyuwuny,jipilyukul underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta wunthul wunthul unknown also wuntuny underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae karnanganyja karnanganyja loan Jaru also wiyarrel; karnangantya WW from Qld WW %karnanganytya underived 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna kurntarri kurntarri inheritance kurntarri Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) thawarle thawarle inheritance thawale Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera purnul purnul inheritance purnu Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) jarringkel jarringkel inheritance tyarinykuri Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni lalangkarrany lalangkarrany loan Bunuban underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni kerrewul kerrewul inheritance Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii jalijkel jalijkel loan Bunuban Wardaman tyelin, tyaality in Gur etc but cf. Jarragan ?tyiliny WW %tyality underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii wawuliny wawuliny loan Ngumpin-Yapa underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) wukeny wukeny inheritance wuku Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) tarntal tarntal unknown underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) warlarriny warlarriny inheritance warlarri Jarragan WW %walarri underived 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp karntuwalany karntuwalany unique underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) mangkayam/ny mangkayam/ny unique other word ruraminy could be cognate of rama in othe Jarr. Lgs. underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera kirntilji kirntiltyi unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis juwijngarriny juwijngarriny inheritance tyuwity+ Jarragan also juwijkarriny WW %tyuwity compound tyuwity-making_noise 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina wawal wawal unknown underived 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata warntwarntal warntwarntal unknown reduplicated 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus yiwiny yiwiny unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus timanany timanany loan W.Mirndi areal also yawartany WW %timana underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic larntiny larntiny unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus missing 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing also lantiny missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae jiyirriny jiyirriny inheritance tyiyirri Jarragan parawul - female underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda parlilmal parlilmal unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata ngarlakangarri(ny/l), ngerlekengarri ngarlakangarri(ny/l), ngerlekengarri unique also ngerlekengarri other complex ngerlekengarri 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. petarril petarril unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera nyiwiny nyiwiny inheritance nyiwuny Jarragan also nyiwinyji WW %nyiwiny underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) purrngunngunji purrngunngunji inheritance purrngunngun Jarragan reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) muwal muwal unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus pawukuny pawukuny unknown also yinaminy, yinamuny underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius werlaltyi werlaltyi inheritance wulawula Jarragan also therrangkelji underived 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia parekel parekel inheritance partiki Jarragan r<*rt by regular lenition; partiki not attested in Gaj. - more S distribution? WW %partiki underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis wirnpel wirnpel inheritance wiyinpe Jarragan underived 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya merntam merntam inheritance mernta Jarragan underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida kurlurturtukijil kurlurturtukijil inheritance kulututuk Jarragan derived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca pirlirrij pirlirrij unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis kererangkulji kererangkulji inheritance kulpirrangkul Jarragan widespread WW kurrpila+ underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea warrernji warrernji unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species jipikel jipikel inheritance tyipike Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis pilirnji pilirnji inheritance pilirn Jarragan Jingulu pirlirna WW %pilirna underived 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi terranel terranel inheritance terran Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus karrkuwal karrkuwal unique also luwarri-l<proto-form underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum malawany (n/rn -ji) malawany (n/rn -ji) inheritance malawany Jarragan underived 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda pangkurnji pangkurnji inheritance pangkurn Jarragan underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta jikerrel jikerrel inheritance tyikerre Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus jangpawurriny jangpawurriny unique lit. without eating -? derived eat-without; not well known name 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata payirrany payirrany unknown underived 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones kalarrwurany kalarrwurany unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna parlilmal parlilmal unique underived 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus kernanyjel kernanyjel loan Jarragan Ngarinyin possibly loan from Ngarinyin via Nyikina WW %kinanytyi underived 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna ngamarrany ngamarrany unique As with the other root King Brown is extended to snake life-form underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia thalngarr thalngarr unknown underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae paarn(ji) paarn(ji) loan with meaning change Nyulnyulan scorpion>spider WW %paarn underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species nyiyirriny(ji) nyiyirriny(ji) inheritance nyiyirri Jarragan underived 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia karlpkarlpany karlpkarlpany unique reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura warlujpujil warlujpujil inheritance warluwutypi Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna ngarnim ngarnim inheritance ngarni Jarragan also jurnuk cf. Gaj. Jinug underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita ngamarriny ngamarriny inheritance ngalmarri Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale lanyiny lanyiny unknown underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea jirlany(il) jirlany(il) unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides kurrkurrjil kurrkurrjil inheritance kurrkurrtyi Jarragan WW %kurrkurr derived 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera jamentel jamentel inheritance tyamernte Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) jamentel jamentel inheritance tyamernte Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata jinjilji jinjilji loan direction unknown Bunuba or opposite direction? underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina wekalel wekalel unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru wangkarnal wangkarnal inheritance wangkarn Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) kunyjany kunyjany unique WW %wangkurr1 underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma karrjany karrjany inheritance karrtya Jarragan underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis purrurn(ji/pu) purrurn(ji/pu) inheritance pulnguwun Jarragan underived 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax kerliwirrnginy kerliwirrnginy unique underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys jikirritji jikirritji inheritance tyikirrity Jarragan WW %tyikirrity underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) lakarnel lakarnel loan Bunuban WW %tyikirrity underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna raki-ny inheritance
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna jireke-l inheritance
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna purnu inheritance
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna jula-ny inheritance
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna rurra- unique
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna ngamarra- inheritance
spider araña aranha flora-fauna paarn-ji loan Bunuban


Cultural Vocabulary (114)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool paltyarrangkul loan Bunuba WW %paltyarrangi also karrpari cf. Ngarinyin karapuri
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool wirlki loan Walmajarri WW %wilki wirlkin, wirlkirr twisted
bowl (coolamon) culture-material yawunytyi inheritance WW %yawuny Gaj. Yawuny coolamon, boatcf. larnturrtyi flat coolamon
dance (generic) culture-mythology warrk inheritance WW %warrk coverb
digging stick subsistence tool kanany loan Jaru WW %kanany1
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology kuni inheritance WW %kuni or loan <Ngumpin?
fire drill subsistence tool kungkala loan Jingulu WW %kungkale kungkulimi, (kungkulunmi), 1.kerosene tree [Premna acuminata] (used for fire-drills; 2. fire-drill; Wanderwortkungkulimi, (kungkulunmi), 1.kerosene tree [Premna acuminata] (used for fire-drills; 2. fire-drill; Wanderwortkungkulimi, (kungkulunmi), 1.kerose
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool ngerlam semantic shift WW %ngala also string;Miriwung ngalang string made from ngalwang (tree) "cotton tree", Cochlospermum species; Gaj 1. kapok bush 2. string
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology tyuwarri loan Ngarinyin WW %tyuwari Ngarnyin tyuwaru ghost
headband dress perntewale inheritance WW %pentewale variation in vowels in western diffusion suggests Jarragan is the urce
honey miel mel food ngare inheritance WW %ngare . Ngumpin ngarlu
house (European) other mayaru loan Karajarri WW %mayaru Wanderwort
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology punu inheritance WW %punu Gaj. Punep
paper papel papel acculturation merntany semantic shift WW %mernta from paperbark
public song cycle culture-mythology tyunpa loan Ngarinyin WW %tyunpa dance
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology wangka loan Murrinh Patha WW %wangka a style
spear lanza lança subsistence tool karlumpu inheritance WW %karlumpu Gaj. Karlumpung
spearthrower subsistence tool ngawalel inheritance WW %ngapale Gaj. Ngapale=
string (from vine) culture-material ngerlam inheritance WW %ngala ;Miriwung ngalang string made from ngalwang (tree) "cotton tree", Cochlospermum species; Gaj 1. kapok bush 2. string
sugar acculturation warrayeltyi semantic shift WW %warrayal from sand; also rungalka
tea food nalityam loan Mudburra WW %nalitya from plant nalij
tobacco (European) narcotics nguntyu loan direction unknown WW %ngutyu
tree coffin culture-mythology pernterre unknown tree burial, platform
dreaming culture-mythology ngarrangkarni loan direction unknown WW %ngarrangkarni also kuni
salt sal sal food kilyarn loan direction unknown WW %kerrela Mir. Karram Gaj. Kerrelangarin On karampa. Kula
speartip subsistence tool kuruwal loan direction unknown
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool mantyany inheritance upper grindstone Gaj. Mir, mantalng
white paint culture-mythology mawuntul loan Ngarinyin WW %mawuntu Ngar mawul;also kalatil
house (European) other mayaru loan Karajarri WW %mayaru Wanderwort
spear (fighting) subsistence tool nguni loan Wardaman WW %ngone short fighting spear < ngon, also malmurre
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology tyunpa loan Ngarinyin
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
armband dress missing
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool wumal unique
bag (string) culture-material missing
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool tyinypa unique type of boom. ?small
bottle botella garrafa acculturation missing
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport missing
cat gato gato acculturation ngirrngiliny semantic shift Gajirrabeng type oF devil spiriT, cat
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
cicatrice culture-mythology kemerre inheritance Mir kamerreng Gaj kemerreng; not ordinary scar
clapsticks culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology missing
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool missing pikurru-spearthrower
cook food food kert unique coverb
cook in earth oven food kungkun unique
corpse food missing
damper food missing
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
drone pipe culture-mythology missing
earth oven food yurnkurr inheritance Gaj. Coverb 'cook in ground overn'
fire-saw other missing
fireplace hogar lareira other marne inheritance fire
firewood leña lenha other marne inheritance marne
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool malawany inheritance one of several species used for f.p. mawiya - poison in gneral Mir malawan river magngrove used as f.p.
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food missing
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool mengerri unknown coverb 'trap fish' uncertain if stone or spinifex Gaj kerlkip trp with spinifex/grass
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (bush) food missing
flour (European) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food miyal loan Bunuba Bunuba miyha; could be inheritance if a Bnuban-Jarragan ancestor exists
glue subsistence tool kaaltyi semantic shift Gaj. kaltyeng 'white clay'
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology missing grave for bones; <ngarpu 'father' + ?
grog food semantic shift < water, inheritance
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation missing
hair belt dress kuta inheritance Gaj. kutang
hat sombero chapéu dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology parumanpeny inheritance Mir paramanpang
hunt cazar caçar food tyukpu inheritance Gaj. Tyukpany Mir.tyuk
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material parratykatyi inheritance <parraj 'cut' ; als kerrpithkatyi from kerrpity 'cut' complex
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress missing
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
medicine narcotics missing
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool kutu-kutu-kirriny inheritance grind-REDUP - thing.for complex
net subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other nanytyurru unknown kuriling in N.Jarragan
paddle/oar remo remo transport missing
ochre culture-mythology pate loan Ngarinyin red chre yellow o.kurntultyi; Ngar. patawate direction uncertain
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation mernmertkaliny inheritance tie (mert) REDUP AGENT complex
red paint culture-mythology pate loan Ngarinyin red chre yellow o.kurntultyi; Ngar. patawate direction uncertain
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool kaliwuny unknown kino, edible gum from bloodwoood etc.
school escuela escola acculturation missing
shelter (native) other missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
string (from hair) culture-material rarrim unknown hair strap for coolamonGaj. Rarring bellu unrel?
tobacco (native) narcotics pingkuntyi unknown
wax cera cera other tyurnukpi inheritance beeswax; Gaj. Mir, tyinuk
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture ngerla-m inheritance
thatch/roof crisneja palha, caraná culture-material X missing
bottom grinding stone manufacture kutu-kutu-kirriny unique
digging stick subsistence tool kanany inheritance
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture therrat unique
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture manja-ny inheritance
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool paljarrangku-l unique
spearthrower subsistence tool ngawal- inheritance
spear lanza lança subsistence tool ngun k.o.s. loan Wardaman
house other mayaru loan Marrngu


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
medium HG low mobile unknown