Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

pound/beat

Semantic Field: impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: machacar, golpear
Meaning Portuguese: bater

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	báaseri	báaseri					See Language page
Aché		ǰočo					See Language page
Aguaruna	dekéet, initát	dɨkɨ:t, initat					See Language page
Akawaio	ariipogɨ	ari'pɔgɨ		unique			See Language page
Andoke	-bəʌ (to beat/smash)	-bəʌ (to beat/smash)					See Language page
Araona		kʷelihi					See Language page
Ashuar	chánatin, chínatin	tʃanatin, tʃinatin					See Language page
Ayoreo		i'ŋira; u'heeʔ					See Language page
Baniwa	nãa, kháama, tãime	nãa, kháama, tãime		inheritance			See Language page
Bare	wát'uka, watʃuka	wát'uka, watʃuka					See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	to-ppaih “beat up”			inheritance
Bora	wápaájco, íllaáyo, wádɨrɨhjáco (beat with stick) (T98)	kʷápʰaáxkʰo, ítʃaájo, kʷátɨrɨʔxákʰo					See Language page
Cahuilla	-tula-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xuénanana, xáxantɕetana	xuénanana, xáxantɕetana					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	tpámaama	tpámaama					See Language page
Carapana	tãnirĩqũẽ	tãniɾĩkẽ					See Language page
Cavineña	miri-ya; hari-ya; a-ya, miri-ya; taro-; kac̷a-ya (The first two, miri-ya and hari-ya, mean pounding specifically with a fist; the rest are the same as the entry for "hit")	miri-ya; hari-ya; a-ya, miri-ya; taro-; kača-ya					See Language page
Central Aymara		čˀaku-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	lo/pLa-			unknown
Cha'palaa		'ka'tʸa-či 'ke-nu				-či, 'by means of'.	See Language page
Chiriguano		ǰoso					See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		#NAME?					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	itatan			inheritance			Beeler 1976:265
Chumash Cruzeno	hiwekH “machucar”			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	-tatan			inheritance			A 58
Chumash Obispeno	tsiLmu7 (same as “mortero”)			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	wiwex “with blows (not instrument)”			inheritance			JPH
Chácobo	čaka-; pɨc̷a-; tooṣ̌-; raši; čoša-; sɨtia- (the latter two are listed under "pound with fist")	čaka-; pɨc̷a-; tooṣ̌-; raši; čoša-; sɨtia- (the latter two are listed under "pound with fist")					See Language page
Cocopa	kucu/, kusu/l; cuya/Ly (when wet)			unknown
Comanche	naraajaakypY, tyhraniity			unique
Cubeo	chĩtoñʉ; pẽ́ðayʉ; piroyʉ	ʧĩtojɨ; pẽ́ðajɨ; piɾojɨ		unique			See Language page
Cupeño	pux-0	[pux]		inheritance
Desano	mutũ-ri (with the hand)	mutĩ-ɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Djeoromitxi	päpä, tümi	pǝpǝ, tümi					See Language page
Dâw	pam	pam		unique			See Language page
Epena		sĩ-					See Language page
Ese Ejja		kʷeakea-nahe					See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	poho-kwe (also means "hit")	poho-kwe					See Language page
Eñepa	-ɨpuʔmo- (IDS)	-ɨpuʔmo- (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Gajirrabeng	dilybe			unique
Gurindji	tarl pa-			loan	Wardaman
Hodï		ʰwau		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	chanuatsa, namuktasa	tʃanuatsa, namuktasa					See Language page
Hup	j’ɔŋ-	~ɟ’ɔg-		unique			See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	aarrap, wetutt	[aˑˈrap], [wəˈt̯ʊt]		unknown
Ingá	kapii	kapii					See Language page
Kaingang	mrãn-mrãn; nə e; kã nə e (IDS)	pɔ he; pɔke					See Language page
Kakua		mâw		missing			See Language page
Kamayurá	nupã	nupã					See Language page
Kariña	poponga	popoŋa	pound				Yamada 2010:794
Karitiana	mĩ	mĩ					See Language page
Katukina		ṣ̌aka-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	coko-			inheritance
Kija	taj			inheritance
Kiliwa	h+nya7 (w/ hammer), p+tiiti “pound seeds”			unknown			Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	pi7 (metate)			inheritance
Kokama	ayuka	ajuka					See Language page
Koreguaje	ja'emʉ	xaʔemʉ					See Language page
Kotiria	mᵾtana; mᵾtona; ña tihãhna; tihãna; dahra tihãna (between two fingers) (all Waltz)	mᵾtana; mᵾtona; ja tihãhna; tihãna; dahɾa tihãna (all Waltz)		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	duduñũ-, tãtãi, ahỹ-, babay-, mɛ̃- (first two are pound , last three are beat )	duduñũ-, tãtãi, ahỹ-, babay-, mɛ̃- (first two are pound , last three are beat )					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7u/Tuk			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	etan	etan	pound (e.g. cassava)				Pet 1987:368
Luiseño	paqa~i-			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?				Means to beat repeatedly.	See Language page
Macaguan	tsakít	tsakít		unknown			See Language page
Maidu	jo/k			inheritance
Makiritare	-aiʔhuka-dɨɨ (IDS)	-aiʔhuka-dɨɨ (IDS)		unknown			See Language page
Makuna	baje-re (could be a loan from Portuguese); ja-re; roca-re ('to punch in the face') (entire lexical entry is identical with hit)	baxe-ɾe; xa-ɾe; ɾoka-ɾe					See Language page
Makushi	iʔpopɨtɨ (SM)	iʔpopɨtɨ (SM)		unique			See Language page
Mapudungun		[puɲete]				From Spanish 'puɲete'.	See Language page
Matses	chocueshca, mase	tʃokueʃka, mase					See Language page
Miriwung	daj			inheritance
Mocoví		y-aho-te-ʔe n-ašitaʁaɲi				Lit. '3p actor-use-direct-obj 3p possessor-fist'.	See Language page
Mojave	saveq=(mash, pound, squish insect), tadiily=,(something hard, usually to about 1/2 former size), talaath= (pound corn to crack a little), talyes= (pound lightly), atoot=(meat, corn, etc.), katoo= (mesquite beans)			unknown
Mosetén-Chimané		khatʔ'hẽ					See Language page
Movima	han̉-na	han̉-na					See Language page
Muinane	gánɨɨcɨhi, gávírícuhi, púpúcuhi, úvútúsuhi (W97)	gánɨɨkɨʔi, gáβíríkuʔi, púpúkuʔi, úβútúsuʔi					See Language page
Murui Witoto	doberite, donede (comestibles); guàte (golpeando)	dobɛritɛ, donɛdɛ (comestibles); guàtɛ (B83)					See Language page
Mutsun	hutna “pounds (in a mortar)			unknown			O77:81, 211
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		dɨ:k, dɨg, daʃ, da:j, wã:ʃ, gǝ					See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	tiquina, cutarina	tikina, kutaɾina					See Language page
Nheengatu	peteka, nupá	peteka, nupá		unknown			See Language page
Ninam	pašə (EM72)	paʃə		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	juluj			unknown
Nivaclé		-tɔxɔx	pound with fist				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	bhĩ́raa huĩ́, berrachíi	bhĩ́raː huĩ́, berratʃíi					See Language page
Northern Paiute	pota “pound acorns”			inheritance			Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok	mac:a-			unknown
Nukak		baak2 ('hit', H&R)		missing			See Language page
Ocaina	boonm̈a	bõõma					See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ǰoso					See Language page
Paresi	mokotya	mokotya					See Language page
Pemon	ame, tatama, pichaka, kichouka (A1981)	ame, tatama, pitʃaka, kitʃouka (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	nunúaca	nunúaka					See Language page
Piaroa	pa'tápuɨh	paɁtápuɨh					See Language page
Pilagá		yi-ʔwaʁan					See Language page
Plains Miwok	72:l2-, 7y:ly-			unknown
Puinave	[-pou] (strike); [-tãu] (~ with fist	pou; tãu					See Language page
Pumé	kʰae gua (with fist); bede kʰae-iʊ (strike)						See Language page
Páez	pequins	pekins					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	llapiy	ʎapij					See Language page
Salinan A	(p)T'etoyo (A), “pound, pulverize”			unknown
Salinan M	*(k)a/nata 'pound, pulverize'			unknown			Mason 1918:138
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		aptikponki apmik					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋelyeetaʔpaykamˀ; nentekpoŋaam eŋmek					See Language page
Sanumá	pasɨ (EM72)	pasɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ccaxz (with long thing)			unknown
Serrano	pO:ng			inheritance
Sikuani	tafuta (2)	tafúta		missing			See Language page
Siona	paonji, quëonji	paonhi, kɨonhi					See Language page
Sirionó	kurukʷa; iruã nua; ukʷa (P85)	kurukʷa; iruã nua; ukʷa					See Language page
Southern Paiute	tap:oru7 “to pound w/ stone”;			unique
Southern Pastaza Quechua	llapina, nitina	ʎapina, nitina					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	lop:a-			inheritance
Southern Ute	wHchog'wa			inheritance
Suyá	čičík	čičík					See Language page
Tacana		ha-me-poči-ti-; ď̶apo-, paď̶a-, tara-				Also me-peðe-.	See Language page
Tariana	túda	túda		unique			See Language page
Tikuna	na2na3po2 (A58)	nanapo					See Language page
Toba		y-asaken					See Language page
Trumai	ha fa (G99)	ha fa (G99)					See Language page
Tübatulabal	kohkohwin-at,			unique
Tümpisa Shoshone	tappaih,			inheritance
Urarina	fwaufwaa	fwaufwaa					See Language page
Wai Wai	wetaΦa oyamorɨ ke	wetaΦa oyamorɨ ke					See Language page
Walmajarri	tuka-			inheritance
Waorani	te te ã-po			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	tʰinikʰa-n	tʰinikʰa-n		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	wa/Thmi7 “hit or strike several times, beat”			unknown
Wari	to' (E&K97)	toʔ (E&K97)					See Language page
Washo	e/tb			unknown			J497
Waurá	maitʸa; tau-ta	maitʸa; tau-ta					See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?					See Language page
Wayuu		ašeeta					See Language page
Western Mono	tabi “to pound”			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		i-hnopoh-'ɬi					See Language page
Wintu	palya			inheritance
Yagua	doya; mara (food item); musiy (as to punish)	doja; mara:; musij					See Language page
Yaminahua		mɨ̃kɨ-mã sɨtɨ sɨtɨ akĩ				Lit. 'hand-instrumental hit hit do'.	See Language page
Yanomam	pasu (EM72)	pasu		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	shë-aɨ	ʃʃ-aɨ		unique			See Language page
Yavapai	(s)peqi, tu/, mqwa_ni			unknown
Yavitero	dac̷ika	datsika					See Language page
Yokuts Yawdanchi	duku “pulverize” 247;			unknown			K07:247
Yokuts Yowlumne	potox “smash”			loan direction unknown			293 K 1907
Yuki	TuT'			unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa	néveksa, núvesta						See Language page
Yukuna	ñatakaje	ɲatakahe		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	kaco/ “to pound lightly” H5:93; tawe/ “to grind” H5:95			unknown
Záparo	ahiryasutanu	ahiɾjasutanu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bare
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gajirrabeng
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Tacana
Tariana
Tikuna
Toba
Trumai
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Záparo

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