Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

sand

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
arena
Meaning Portuguese
areia

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim sook'-si 207 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pasiam-pin inheritance
Cahuilla ngachi-sh unique S&H 1979
Chemehuevi ota/v(y) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno xas inheritance Wash 2001:334
Chumash Ineseno xas inheritance A 232
Chumash Ventureno qas unknown JPH
Cocopa lysh7a:, ma\TLysh7a:/, ma\Tsh7a:/, sh7a: unknown
Comanche pasi waapI inheritance
Cupeño haxa-l [haxal] inheritance
Gabrielino 7o:het inheritance
Iipay 'Aa Mes-haraay [məs xaˈraˑi] unique
Kawaiisu sihwa-by inheritance
Kiliwa mat=xiw unique
Kitanemuk 7okach inheritance
Lake Miwok Su/kuj unknown
Luiseño 7exva-l inheritance
Maidu bymy/ky unknown
Mojave 7amat saly'ay unique
Mutsun wiis/wis inheritance NW (JPH)
Nisenan 7a:hil unknown
Northern Paiute pasiwaby inheritance Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok wiskala- inheritance
Plains Miwok hu:ma- inheritance?
Salinan A ts'ensiL (A), unknown
Salinan M tsi/ntsin unknown Mason 1918:133
Seri (Comcaac) hamt cooxp lit. “tierra blanca” (see “dust”) unknown
Serrano O:q-T inheritance
Southern Paiute at:a-S (at:a-vy) inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok wiskala- inheritance
Southern Ute siwapY inheritance
Tübatulabal shiihpit inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone pasingompin, pasingwampin inheritance
Wappo nu/y' inheritance
Washo c'imya/nga unknown J87
Western Mono pasiya/pY/ inheritance
Wintu c'eri inheritance
Yavapai (?)ha\chwa_ “sand, gravel” unknown
Yokuts Palewyami hicha7 unique JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi wages 243 inheritance K07:243
Yokuts Yowlumne suxsuy inheritance Golla 1964:64
Yuki nu7, nu7uch, nu:ch inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma saly-7a/y H3:207 unique
Baniwa káida káida inheritance See Language page
Carijona samutu inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ẽpa ɛ̃pa inheritance See Language page
Dâw xeèw xæ̂w unique See Language page
Desano imipa imipa inheritance See Language page
Eñepa mičin mitʃin unique See Language page
Hodï ka'bayu unique See Language page
Waorani ẽbõdai unique See Language page
Hup wæg yɔ̌h wæg jɔ̌h unique See Language page
Kakua ʔùn inheritance See Language page
Makushi kásapán kásapán unknown See Language page
Nheengatu iwikũĩ (morphologically complex: iwi = terra) iwikũĩ (morphologically complex: iwi = terra) inheritance See Language page
Ninam lãkak, rãkak (EM72) lãkak, ɾãkak inheritance See Language page
Nukak ʔuun3 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki meja ja mexa xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon osko, wasaka (A1981); wösök (E1980); ö'sökö (M2000) osko, wasaka (A1981); wösök (E1980); əssə'kə (M2000) unknown N Amaz subgroup See Language page
Sanumá makamaka (EM72) makamaka (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani tahéta-atsa inheritance See Language page
Tariana káido káido inheritance See Language page
Tukano nukû-pori (hr) nukû-pori (hr) unique cf. Ticuna? See Language page
Kotiria padʉro (Waltz) padʉɾo (Waltz) unknown See Language page
Yanomam mrakmrakap (EM72) mɾakmɾakap inheritance See Language page
Yanomami mrakatahu mɾakatahu inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ke'epé keʔ-pé inheritance See Language page
Yuhup wæ̂g wæ̂g unique See Language page
Arabana wadlijuralja unique
Bardi gaara kaara unique
Bunuba walyarra loan
Burarra jaranga unknown
Dhangu raŋi unknown
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari mitha unique
DiyariREU wadlungadlara unique
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang munatja inheritance
Gajirrabeng rerrabal inheritance
Gooniyandi walyarra loan
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji warrayarl inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr band band inheritance
Jaru walyarra inheritance
Jawi barnga barrnga inheritance
Karajarri walaŋgar loan Yawuru
Kija warraye-l inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: pamparra unique
Mangala mulnyi unknown
Miriwung rerrawalng inheritance NJ
Mithaka pala inheritance
Mudburra buyuda
Mudburra buyuda loan
Ngamini walyu unique
Ngandi dhambur inheritance
Ngarluma nharnu
Ngumbarl burnda, joolburra <burnda, joolburra> inheritance
Nhirrpi miRi unique
Nimanburru band band inheritance
Northern Mangarla mulnyi
Northern Nyangumarta jungka inheritance
Nyangumarta jungka inheritance
Nyikina walyarra walyarra unique
Nyulnyul barnd; baarnd barnd; baarnd inheritance
Paakantyi ḏiṛi unique
Pirriya makalara unique
Pitta-Pitta wayirrhi unique
Rirratjingu garminyarr, munatha
Ritharrngu dhambur inheritance
Walmajarri walyarra inheritance
Wangkayutyuru wulpaya unique
Warrwa rambala rambala unique
Wubuy mangarag inheritance
Yan-nhangu munatha inheritance
Yandruwandha padla inheritance
Yarluyandi padla inheritance
Yawarrawarrka padlakiljera inheritance
Yawuru mulgurr mulkurr inheritance
Achagua kái-na kái-na inheritance See Language page
Piapoco kai[na] kai[na] See Language page
Kabiyari káʔa káʔa See Language page
Yavitero ka'hac̷i-na ka'hatsi-na See Language page
Wapishana kʰatʰɨ kʰatʰɨ inheritance Proto North Arawak See Language page
Mandawaka ka-he ka-he See Language page
Wayuu hasai (~hasaľi) Also mma; wɨľeši. See Language page
Yine ksatɨ See Language page
Paresi kaiholo kaiholo inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano tawaparu See Language page
Trinitario ta'woparu See Language page
Baure ha'hap ha'hap unique See Language page
Waurá kehɨ-penu kehɨ-penu inheritance See Language page
Arutani iñãkosa (morphologically complex?) iɲãkosa (morphologically complex?) See Language page
Sape inoku inoku See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ɲii-pe See Language page
Bora nékwa-yḯḯ-ʔa, néékʷa-yï {sing} nέkwa-jɯ́ɯ́-ʔa, nέέkʷa-jɯ {sing} unique See Language page
Muinane xíínɨ-gai-yɨ-ʔai {earth-piece-?-?} xíínɨ-gai-jɨ-ʔai {earth-piece-?-?} See Language page
Akawaio wösök wösök unique Akawaio-Pemon See Language page
Apalai isawany isawanɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayana hamut hamut inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó samu samu inheritance See Language page
Makiritare sāʔdaʔda (IDS); sa:'da'da (KH) sa:ʔdaʔda unique See Language page
Mapoyo saasapa saasapa See Language page
Wai Wai ašawa ašawa inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kixinja kiʃiɲa See Language page
Yabarana ta'kaw See Language page
Yukpa jájare See Language page
Kalapalo ñetune ñetune unique See Language page
Muisca guanza γuantʂa See Language page
Barí ũũngda Colombia: ʔuŋdərə. *Chibchan forms are *'u and *'uBa. See Language page
Northern Emberá ĩmbʉ́ ĩmbʉ́ See Language page
Epena 'ipu Also means 'beach'. See Language page
Guayabero táeh-t inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan tetap inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cofán sisipa sisipa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra mazachi maʂatʃi unique See Language page
Taushiro heiñuntu´, hañuntu´ hɨiɲuntuʔ, haɲuntuʔ See Language page
Páez cuetmuse, muse See Language page
Tikuna naxnũcũ [4, 5, 5] naʔnũkũ unique See Language page
Urarina okwai okwai unique See Language page
Camsa kaskáxo (from sp) kaskáxo (from sp) See Language page
Pumé ngãvẽ See Language page
Puinave mãi mãi unique See Language page
Máku lünükü lünükü See Language page
Ashuar náikim, nayákim naikim, najakim See Language page
Huambisa yaikim jaikim See Language page
Aguaruna kámatak kámatak unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hoːd unique See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect huːd See Language page
Matses masi masi inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Kakataibo masi *Panoan *masṣ̌i. See Language page
Katukina mači See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ma-ši See Language page
Yaminahua maši See Language page
Chácobo maṣ̌ɨnɨ; mišpo maṣ̌ɨnɨ; mišpo inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Yagua ticha tı̃tʃã unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua tiyu tiju See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua playa (Spanish loan) plaja See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano aqo aqo See Language page
Piaroa reba rẽb̃ã unique See Language page
Sáliva mesea saji mesea sahi unique See Language page
Bará di'tatupari See Language page
Barasano haa haa See Language page
Carapana paa paa See Language page
Makuna ha ha inheritance See Language page
Yuruti di'tátupari di'tátupari See Language page
Waikhana pa'dɨ pa'dɨ See Language page
Siriano ĩĩmipá ĩĩmipá See Language page
Tanimuca põ'sia põ'sia unique See Language page
Tatuyo páá páá See Language page
Tuyuka di'ta-tupari diʔta-tupari See Language page
Waimaja botířihɛ̀ hitʰá botírihɛ̀ hitʰá See Language page
Koreguaje meja mexa inheritance See Language page
Siona mẽhã mẽhã inheritance See Language page
Secoya meja me'ha See Language page
Karitiana eje´ĩn ejeʔɨ̃n inheritance See Language page
Kokama itini itini inheritance See Language page
Wayampi ɨsĩ ɨsĩ inheritance See Language page
Aché ɨwɨ-kui inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano ɨwɨ-kʷĩti inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨvɨ-kuʔi Lit. 'earth-crumbled (or reduced to small pieces)'. See Language page
Sirionó i̯ta ki̯i̯šĩ̯ i̯ta ki̯i̯šĩ̯ inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá ˀɨtsiŋ ˀɨtsiŋ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina llíoonjin, llíoonhin dʒíõõhĩ,dʒíõõʔĩ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto kóniǰï.e kónidʒɯ.ɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto gúama.e gúama.ɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto koniǰï.e konidʒɯ.ɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito cacúti (also means beach) kakúti (also means beach) unique See Language page
Záparo ayawhwa ajawhwa See Language page
Wari namayi namaji See Language page
Araona mezizo See Language page
Ese Ejja meši-hahi inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo meši hahi meši hahi See Language page
Tacana hoto-hoto See Language page
Cavineña mehihi; moro mehihi; moro inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Central Aymara ch´alla čˀalʸa See Language page
Cayuvava ripu See Language page
Itonama a-lɨpɨ kowowoʔna See Language page
Kwazá kãkã-, tsũrũrũnĩ kãkã-, tsũrũrũnĩ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané ha'maiɲ See Language page
Movima wiʔwis wiʔwis See Language page
Trumai ulat̯ ulat̯ unique See Language page
Kaingang rỹnhrỹj rɨ̃ɲrɨ̃y; rĩɲrĩy See Language page
Karajá ɨ̃nɨra See Language page
Djeoromitxi mĩkänõrü mĩkǝnõrø See Language page
Chipaya pʰila Uru-J form is pʰila. See Language page
Mocoví l-oʔwaʁan-aʁa See Language page
Pilagá pogaʁanaʁa See Language page
Toba atoʁo See Language page
Lengua yinkamith See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ɬipop anik See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet ɬoopʔaktek; ɬoopʔaktek aŋkooʔ; ɬoopʔaktek aanek See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hu'lu See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja isye See Language page
Maca isaχ (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé xosɔx sand Arribeños dialect has xosax. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo u'n̥a See Language page
Mapudungun kuyɨm Ranquel form is kulʸpað. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳyepc̷aḳs Bo records kyapc̷akɬ for Central QWS. Hy records [pawntel] for South QWS, from Yagan 'pantel'. See Language page
Selknam šinn; teri First form also occurs in 'medicine' 04.880; prob. means 'powder'. See Language page
Tehuelche 'tēm Same as 'earth' 01.212. See Language page
Lokono mothoko motʰoko sand Pet 1987:370
Kariña sakau sakau sand Yamada 2010:800