Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Nimanburru

Family
Nyulnyulan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
nmp
Location
-17.33°, 123.07°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar arad arrad inheritance
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar yadirri XXngl yadirri yadirri inheritance
1sg yo eu grammar XXngl ngayu ngayu inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar gor kor inheritance
2sg xx xx grammar inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar inheritance
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar ginjin_g kinyingk inheritance
above encima, arriba acima location galb kalb inheritance
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar missing
alive nēndj niinj inheritance
all todo todos other bondje; bondje-gjangar; djob bonje; bonje-kjangar; job inheritance
and y e grammar agal; kal(a) akal; kal(a) inheritance
ankle tobillo tornozelo body melg melk inheritance
armpit axila, sobaco axila body ninganyburr ninganyburr inheritance
ashamed xx xx mental idjar ijarr inheritance
ashes xx xx environment gadjod kajod inheritance
at en, a em, a location -ug -uk inheritance
back espalda costas body nēg niik inheritance
bad mal mal quality rēb riib inheritance
belly barriga barriga body gabor ^ kaborr inheritance
below abajo, debajo abaixo location inheritance
big grande grande quality budu budu inheritance
bite morder morder body -bundarra- [ma-bondaren] -bundarra- [ma-bondaren] inheritance
black negro preto colour mang mank inheritance
blood sangre sangue body gururr kururr inheritance
blow soplar soprar body bo"" buu inheritance
blunt xx xx quality boṇ boṇ inheritance
bone hueso osso body ga:ndj kaanj inheritance
boomerang xx xx manufacture djēb jiib inheritance
breast pecho, seno peito body dalngan dalngan inheritance
breathe respirar respirar body bo"" buu inheritance
burn quemar queimar environment missing
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body djaŋ jaŋ inheritance
child niño, niña criança human ba""be-nin_ baabe-ning inheritance
climb subir subir motion ma-wanjen ma-wanyen inheritance
cloud nube nuvem environment missing
cold frío frio quality bindj binj inheritance
come venir vir motion dar-m-aran darr-m-arran inheritance
cook cocinar cozinhar impact ma-loron ma-loron inheritance
count contar contar mental missing
cry llorar chorar mental ma-ŋalgan ma-ŋalkan inheritance
cut xx xx impact missing
die/be dead morir morrer state ma-djimben ma-jimben inheritance
dig cavar cavar impact ma-geran ma-kerran inheritance
dingo/wolf fauna gored kored inheritance
dirty sucio sujo quality ŋōnbe ŋōnbe inheritance
dream soñar sonhar mental ma-bu""garen ma-buukarren doubtful loan into protolanguage
drink beber, tomar beber body ma-ge""den ma-kiden inheritance
dry seco seco quality missing
dust polvo poeira environment missing
ear oreja orelha body inheritance
earth/soil tierra terra environment bo""r% buur inheritance
eat comer comer body ma-ge""den ma-kiden inheritance
egg huevo ovo fauna laguurru lakuurru inheritance
eye ojo olho body nim nim inheritance
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body bud% ^ bud% inheritance
fall caer cair motion -jalgi- [ma-j.algen] -jalki- [ma-j.alken] inheritance
far lejos longe quality māṛ maaṛ inheritance
fat/grease grasa gordura body lede lede inheritance
father padre, papá pai kinship gupul kupul inheritance
fear miedo medo mental -jarg- [ma-j.eregan] -jark- [ma-j.erekan] inheritance
feather pluma pena fauna wirinjin wirinjin unique
fire fuego fogo environment djun_g jungk inheritance
fish xx xx fauna gōmb kōmb semantic shift
flow fluir fluir motion djoror jorrorr inheritance
flower flor flor environment bo""b buub inheritance
fly volar voar motion mogonj mokony inheritance
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment lanon lanon inheritance
foot pie pé body -mbal -mbal inheritance
fruit fruta fruta flora inheritance
good bueno bom quality laib laib inheritance
grow crecer crescer state gongon ma-djaredjaren konkon ma-jarejaren unique
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body muwarn XXngl mugarn muwarn inheritance
hand mano mão body -marl -marl inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body -alm XXngl marru -alm inheritance
hear oír ouvir mental missing
heavy pesado pesado quality ramben ramben inheritance
hide esconder esconder motion -jarlg- [ma-j.arl.gen] -jarlk- [ma-j.arl.ken] inheritance
hit golpear, pegar bater impact -dam- [ma-daman] -dam- [ma-daman] inheritance
hit (with hand) xx xx impact missing
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other -bad- [ma-baden] -bad- [ma-baden] inheritance
how? como como grammar missing
if si se grammar -gar -karr inheritance
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location gadin kadin inheritance
intestines intestinos intestinos body bulg bulk inheritance
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body nileŋar nileŋar unknown
kill matar matar impact missing
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental ma-leŋgen ma-leŋken inheritance
lake lago lago environment binin injunu gaajan wuul binin injunu kaajan wuul unique
laugh reír rir mental -gam- [ma-gaman] -kam- [ma-kaman] inheritance
leaf hoja folha environment bilibil bilibil inheritance
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body ŋarlgarrman ŋarlgarrman inheritance
leg/foot pierna perna body midi midi inheritance
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion ma-djalgen ma-jalken inheritance
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment binmag binmak inheritance
liver hígado figado body gabor, gawir kabor, kawir inheritance
long largo comprido, longo quality nabend nabend inheritance
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna waŋgarmalinj waŋkarmaliny inheritance
lung pulmón pulmão body walan walan inheritance
man/male hombre homem human wamb wamb inheritance
meat/flesh carne carne fauna bang.g bang.k inheritance
moon luna lua environment gunjul kunyul inheritance
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship berai berrayi inheritance
mouth boca boca body nilirr XXngl nilirr nilirr inheritance
name nombre nome human missing
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body buda XXngl nunggarn buda inheritance
near/close cerca de perto quality yaŋan yaŋan inheritance
neck cuello pescoço body nimany nimany inheritance
new nuevo novo quality missing
night noche noite time ŋimber ŋimber inheritance
no/not no não grammar are-angg [arriyangg] are-angk [arriyangk] inheritance
nose nariz nariz body -mal -mal inheritance
old viejo velho quality djabolj jaboly inheritance
one uno um number wandjer wanjer inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other lambad lambad inheritance
other otro outro grammar missing
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body waṛar waṛar inheritance
person/human being persona pessoa human waamburinyi waamburinyi inheritance
pimple xx xx body djodj joj unique
rain lluvia chuva environment wuul wuul inheritance
red rojo vermelho colour werer werer inheritance
right/right hand derecha direita location/body dyurruŋguny dyurruŋguny inheritance
road/path camino caminho manufacture magar makar inheritance
roof xx xx manufacture [absent] missing
root raíz raiz flora nimijilaburdany nimijilaburdany unknown
rotten podrido podre quality bi""n biin inheritance
sand arena areia environment band band inheritance
say decir dizer mental ma-djen ma-jen inheritance
scratch rascar rasgar impact wer-djon wer-jon inheritance
see ver ver mental -jal- [mad-j.alen] -jal- [mad-j.alen] inheritance
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality gardj karrj inheritance
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact missing
short corto curto quality missing
shoulder hombro ombro body langan langan inheritance
sit sentar(se) sentar state XXngl mijala XXngl mijala inheritance
skin piel pele body baden, badon baden, badon inheritance
sky cielo céu environment gorwal gorwal korwal korwal inheritance
sleep dormir dormir body ma-molgan, ma-molgen, ma-molgon ma-molkan, ma-molken, ma-molkon inheritance
small pequeño pequeno quality doln_ dolng inheritance
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body ge""r kirr inheritance
smoke humo fumaça environment bulgun bulkun inheritance
spit escupir cuspir body djibel jibel inheritance
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact missing
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact duly duly inheritance
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact missing
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state missing
star estrella estrela environment warrabalany warrabalany inheritance
steal robar roubar other ma-länjben ma-länyben inheritance
stone piedra pedra environment kungbarra kuŋbarra unknown
suck chupar chupar body djonj jony inheritance
sun sol sol time warlg warlk inheritance
sweat sudar suor, suar body djudugur judukurr inheritance
swell hincharse inchar body -bunkum- [ma-bongoman] -bunkum- [ma-bongoman] inheritance
swim nadar nadar motion galgir galgir inheritance
tail cola, rabo rabo body niwal niwal inheritance
that ese/esa esse grammar bën bën inheritance
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality missing
thin delgado fino quality minjar minyar unique
think pensar pensar mental -barribarri- [ma-barebaren] -barribarri- [ma-barebaren] inheritance
this este/esta este grammar missing
three tres tres number irdjowar irrjowarr inheritance
throat garganta garganta body nimanj nimany inheritance
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact missing
thunder truenos trovão environment djidam jidam inheritance
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact missing
tongue lengua lingua body ningal ningal inheritance
tooth diente dente body jarrunggu XXngl jarringg jarrungku inheritance
true xx xx quality dargal darkal unique
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other missing
two dos dois number gudjar kujar inheritance
vomit vomitar vomitar body -ganyb- [ma-ga**njben] -kanyb- [ma-kaanjben] inheritance
walk caminar, andar andar motion ma-galen ma-kalen inheritance
water agua agua environment wol wol inheritance
wet mojado molhado quality gōbad kōbad inheritance
what? que, qué que grammar aŋgi gurrindyin ? aŋgi gurrindyin ? inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar -gar -karr inheritance
where? donde onde grammar missing
white blanco branco colour missing
who? quien, quién quem grammar ang.g ang.k inheritance
wife esposa esposa kinship malarr malarr inheritance
wind viento vento environment waŋal waŋal inheritance
wing ala asa body minbal minbal inheritance
woman/female mujer mulher human worinj woriny inheritance
work trabajar trabalhar other morgol morkol inheritance
yawn bostezar bocejar body missing
yellow amarillo amarelo colour gumbil kumbil inheritance


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (139)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis garabol inheritance 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus maiad maiad loan Nyikina source a guess WW %mayarta underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii badjalbar badjalbar inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia wurrmarrwurrmarr unique 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer wa:nyja wa:nyja inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp minje minj minye miny loan Karajarri WW %minyaminya reduplicated 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna garambal karambal inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus wolgodanj wolgodanj inheritance underived? 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri ŋareban inheritance 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae bi""n bi""n inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species luŋgud luŋgud inheritance WW %lungkurt underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus golaŋan golaŋan inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda kurdukurany kurdukurany inheritance derived 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus dindjal dindjal inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula laanggurr laanggurr inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius windog windok loan into protolanguage WW %wintuku underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis mōḷ-djon mōḷ-djon unique derived 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis bagar bakar doubtful loan WW %pakara underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota baninybor inheritance 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) bingemer bingemer inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda mirgol mirgol inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo gored gored inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris yēl yēl inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae waylbala waylbala unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong wadabar wadabar inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae ganaŋandj ganaŋandj loan WW %karnanganytya derived 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna gōmb gōmb semantic shift underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) bōb bōb loan direction unknown WW WW %pupu reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera mogonj mogonj inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) wadjon nimanbur inheritance NN/Nim underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni guwaniya guwaniya loan Marrngu WW %kuwaniya 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) dyergabinj dyergabinj semantic shift underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) gulibil gulibil inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp djididjon unique 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) maarra maarra loan with meaning change Worrorran WW %maarra underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera dinj dinj diny diny inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis gorawal semantic shift? 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina missing missing 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas gulebil gulebil inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata banagu juurru banagu juurru unique phrase 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus wīṇg wīṇg inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus yawarda yawarda loan WW WW %yawarta underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae minimb minimb doubtful loan into protolanguage Bardi WW %miinimbi missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic djur% djur% inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus lindilindi inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet djamaŋg djamaŋg inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae burug burug inheritance underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera nilangol nilangol inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) mōr mōr unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus wurrmarrwurrmarr wurrmarrwurrmarr unique reduplicated 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius missing missing 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia dalwar dalwar inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis mirdjanj mirdjanj inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis manbaŋ manbaŋ inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya bagal bagal inheritance CF.pakarli in NGY etc. WW %pakari underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida djogog djogog inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp goan goan inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis gurrawul gurrawul inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea gologoloman gologoloman inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi lermar lermar inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus guwaniya guwaniya semantic shift underived 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones baarn baarn loan into protolanguage WW WW %paarn underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha lolol lolol inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna yambol yambol semantic shift cf Bardi ambool baler underived 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus gamaraŋinj gamaraŋinj loan WW %kamaranginy underived 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna djur% djur% inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia gonor gonor inheritance underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae golboniler golboniler unique compound compound 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species woral woral unique underived 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae yamban yamban inheritance perhaps with meaning change underived 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides mukmuk mukmuk unique MUKMUK elsewhere onomat reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera djididjon djididjon inheritance derived 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina gambe-djon gambe-djon unique derived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru waŋged waŋged inheritance WW %wangkurri underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) badaŋg badaŋg inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma loŋomb loŋomb inheritance underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis irgil irgil loan into protolanguage areal WW underived 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax walawor walawor loan direction unknown WW %walakurru underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys djindibereber djindibereber loan into protolanguage WW %tyintipirri reduplicated partial 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) galbedjon galbedjon inheritance derived 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna badan_g badangk inheritance
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna boi boi inheritance
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna garambal karambal inheritance
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna momor momor unique
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna yēl yiil inheritance
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna maarra maarra semantic shift
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna marringgile marriŋkile inheritance
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna djur% jurr inheritance
spider araña aranha flora-fauna golboniler kolboniler unique


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
armband dress kankol inheritance
awl subsistence tool waraŋaj inheritance
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool damiyon inheritance
bag (string) culture-material inbukunujin semantic shift
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool laŋar inheritance
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material binjen inheritance
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool ji:b inheritance
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material walad inheritance
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport barawar doubtful loan Worrorran
cicatrice culture-mythology babor inheritance
clapsticks culture-mythology missing
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool naol inheritance
cook food food ma-loron semantic shift burn
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food mademare loan
dance (generic) culture-mythology missing
digging stick subsistence tool milkin inheritance
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology -bukarri- [ma-bu:.karen] (dr) CHECK - verb not noun
dreaming culture-mythology banman loan WW %barnman
drone pipe culture-mythology missing
fire drill subsistence tool yi:ne inheritance
fire-saw other wungka:la inheritance
fireplace hogar lareira other lalb inheritance
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool yelŋam inheritance
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food missing
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool welewel loan Kriol WW %wilwili
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool mar inheritance Western Nyulnyulan
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (European) food missing
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food wi:l inheritance
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology banbalk doubtful inheritance
glue subsistence tool missing
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology missing
grog food missing
hair belt dress ba:l inheritance
headband dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology jalngkokorr loan areal WW %jalngga
honey miel mel food moŋ semantic shift
house (European) other missing
hunt cazar caçar food ma-jolben inheritance
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material jombarere, jomborere loan Malay
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress kamal unique
love song culture-mythology kaljend inheritance
mangrove raft transport biyal biyal semantic shift
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport missing
ochre culture-mythology dokol doubtful inheritance
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology -burr- [ma-boran] inheritance
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other baib loan English WW pipe
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology bidimarr inheritance
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool kem loan English
salt sal sal food missing
shelter (native) other missing
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology missing
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool jinal loan WW %jinal WW not certain
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool yankal doubtful loan
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material burrurr inheritance
string (from vine) culture-material missing
sugar acculturation missing
tea food belebel semantic shift ‘leaf’
tobacco (European) narcotics mōrl-jon unique
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology rai loan areal WW %raya
wax cera cera other wark inheritance
white paint culture-mythology missing
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation missing
net subsistence tool ma:rra semantic shift ‘grass’
bottle botella garrafa acculturation missing
paper papel papel acculturation milimil loan English WW %milimili
corpse food karrikan loan Marrngu
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
tree coffin culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology missing
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing
medicine narcotics missing
earth oven food missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation limb semantic shift
cat gato gato acculturation minyaw loan Kriol WW %minyaw
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation jileman loan Kriol
hat sombero chapéu dress jangkor [jangkurr] inheritance
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture meredj merej inheritance
bottom grinding stone manufacture [absent] missing
digging stick subsistence tool XXngl milkin milkin inheritance
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [absent] missing
spearthrower subsistence tool yangal yankal inheritance
spear lanza lança subsistence tool djinal jinal inheritance
house other missing


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG dense sedentary no