Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

chew

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: masticar, mascar
Meaning Portuguese: mastigar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	jámuederi	jámuederi		unique			See Language page
Aché		pono		unique			See Language page
Aguaruna	daút, kajít	daut, kaxit		unique; unique			See Language page
Akawaio	abö	a'bö		inheritance	Venezuelan		See Language page
Andoke	-ba'i	-baʔi		unique			See Language page
Arabana	[missing]			missing
Araona		mia					See Language page
Ashuar	naúrtin, nawáatin	naurtin, nawa:tin					See Language page
Ayoreo		agu; akeʔ				Also means 'eat' 05.110. To chew for another is ũ'tirẽʔ; 'one who c. for another' is ũtira-'soorĩ; ũtira-'ŋoori; ũtira-'to.	See Language page
Baniwa	ñhakóta	ɲhakóta		inheritance			See Language page
Bardi	-lungguma-	-lungkuma-		inheritance
Barí		kõõ					See Language page
Baure	hik-	hik-		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	missing			missing
Bora	dɨmájco (T98)	tɨmáxkʰo		unique			See Language page
Bunuba	minjala			doubtful loan
Burarra	jilamja			unknown
Cahuilla	-mish			inheritance			S&H 1979
Candoshi-Shapra	kamĭmaama	kamĭmaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		#NAME?				Jê form is tẽ; *tẽm. Also means 'go' 10.470.	See Language page
Carapana	bacurique	bakuɾike					See Language page
Cavineña	nako-ya; koro-	nako-ya; koro-		unique			See Language page
Cayuvava		ri-ta-tapa; ta-tapa				Cf. 'bite'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	q´awiña	kʰistʰu-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	chi/w:a-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'halʸi-'ke-nu; 'hai-nu					See Language page
Chipaya		muk-				Means 'to chew' for making 'chicha' (a corn drink).	See Language page
Chiriguano		suu ~ čuu; (ai)aso		semantic shift	bite		See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-tofʷiyin; -tani ~ -tyeni					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	axtatan			unknown			Ono 1996:29
Chumash Ineseno	aq-lamlam “to chew”			unknown			A 6
Chumash Obispeno	hime			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	aqsk'ysy “mascar bien”			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	naka-; tao-	naka-; tao-		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	smnyay “chew food”			inheritance
Cofán	tse´tseye	tsɛʔtsɛjɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	kytsYkwetY			unique
Cubeo	jãjʉñʉ	xãxɨjɨ		unknown			See Language page
Cupeño	sakom-in	[sakomin]		unknown
Desano	bahga-ri	baʔga-ɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	[missing]			missing
Dhuwal	[missing]			missing
Dhuwala	[missing]			missing
Diyari	mandatarita			inheritance?
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	[missing]			missing
Djapu	[missing]			missing
Djeoromitxi	pa	pa					See Language page
Djinang	[missing]			missing
Dâw	aw’	Ɂaw'		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		kʰai-kʰayaa-; kʰai-					See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	ixia-paša-kwe	ixia-paša-kwe					See Language page
Eñepa	-ompa-n (IDS)	-ompa-n (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	pera:			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	jang			inheritance
Gooniyandi	[missing]			missing
Gupapuyngu	[missing]			missing
Gurindji	ngulynguly paya-			unique
Hodï	kwa'lɨte'ta			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	nawatsa	nawatsa					See Language page
Hup	y’aw’-	j’aw’-		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	chuuhwar	[tʃuˑ˅ˈxʷar]		unknown
Ingá	kastui	kastui					See Language page
Iquito	asajuutaani, saquɨɨni (used specifically for chewing manioc), itipiini (also used specifically for chewing manioc)	asawutaani, sakɨɨni, itipiini (last two used specifically for chewing manioc)		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		načˀahe					See Language page
Jaru	[missing]			missing
Kaingang	kajẽ	kayɛ̃					See Language page
Kakataibo		ča'kuka-ti				Also na'ča-ti 'to chew'; ma'čiš-ti, ma'či-ti (dial.) 'to chew cane'.	See Language page
Karajarri	japal punya ngujilakuny (2)			loan	Yawuru
Kariña	àkopo	ahkopo	chew				Courtz 2007:219
Katukina		ṣ̌ako-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	kocogo7o-			inheritance
Kija	X			inheritance
Kiliwa	7kway/-nya7 "with molars"			inheritance
Kitanemuk	kaci7			unknown
Koreguaje	me'namʉ	meʔnamʉ		unique			See Language page
Kotiria	yahcara (Waltz)	jahkaɾa (Waltz)		inheritance	Branch 2, E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	ja-	ja-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ju/ute			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	rydan	ɾɨdan	chew				Pet 1987:353
Luiseño	me:cha~i-			unknown
Maca		-atanxikii [loan Angaite?]					See Language page
Macaguan	tsatsakó-ja, tsatsakó-pe	tsatsakó-ja, tsatsakó-pe		unknown			See Language page
Maidu	c'awa/j			unknown
Maihiki	naquiyi	nakiji		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	bague-re	bague-ɾe		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	yapo (IDS)	yapo (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	janjunarri (1)			inheritance
Mapoyo	-ya'ma-ri	-ja'ma-ri					See Language page
Mapudungun		čaŋafɨ				Ranquel form is ɨčovɨn- ~ ɨčovan- ~ ɨčavane-.	See Language page
Matses	namiua, quiad	namiua, kiad		unknown			See Language page
Miriwung	jangool			inheritance
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		i-wag-igi				Lit. '3p actor-chew/bite-across'.	See Language page
Mojave	chamunye=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		karaub-'he; ka'raub-ka'raub-'he					See Language page
Movima	ɗon-ka-ɓa-na	ɗon-ka-ɓa-na					See Language page
Mudburra	nyanyambi
Mudburra	jabardkarra			inheritance
Muinane	désácuhi (W97)	désákuʔi					See Language page
Muisca	bgyiasuca	βγɨiasuka					See Language page
Murui Witoto	aɨde, aɨrite	aɯdɛ, aɯritɛ (B83)		unique			See Language page
Mutsun	Tikka			unknown			?
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ɁawaɁ					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		wa:Ɂ, Ɂawa:Ɂ		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	mucuna	mukuna					See Language page
Ngamini	[missing]			missing
Ngandi	X			missing
Ngarluma	bilya(-lgu)			unique
Ngumbarl	kabboo	<kabboo>		semantic shift
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Nimanburru	djaŋ	jaŋ		inheritance
Ninam	watɨtha, wašika (EM72)	watɨtʰa, waʃika		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	w2l2k			unknown
Nivaclé		-xuʔx-xane; -tɔn	chew, chew				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	kaéi, káedha	kaéi, káedha					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	[missing]			missing
Northern Nyangumarta	japaly pini (V3)			inheritance
Northern Paiute	ky7waja			unique			Nichols 1974:165
Northern Sierra Miwok	ciwa:T-y-			inheritance
Nyangumarta	japaly pini (V3)			loan	Walmajarri
Nyikina	juny juny; jang	juny juny; jang		inheritance
Nyulnyul	djaŋ	jaŋ		inheritance
Ocaina	faaan; borojo	ɸããã; boroho		unique; unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	manda-			inheritance?
Paraguayan Guaraní		ɲamiⁿduʔu; suʔu					See Language page
Paresi	nisakoatya	nisakoatya		unique			See Language page
Pemon	apo, chakauchakauma (A1981)	apo, tʃakautʃakauma (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	amíadaca	amíadaka					See Language page
Piaroa	ćE'ɨh	s'æɁɨh		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		yi-paʁat					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	[missing]			missing
Plains Miwok	wika:j-y-			unknown
Puinave	[-hɨi + uk]	hɨi + uk		unique			See Language page
Pumé	hura						See Language page
Páez	pequi	peki					See Language page
Qawasqar		yefa-tawan				Cf. 'eat' 05.110.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	kachuy	katʃuj					See Language page
Resígaro	chakó?-khú	chakóʔ-kʰú		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	X			missing
Salinan A	*(k)itpetmak (S) “bite, chew”			unknown
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		aptaoki [aptoma]; antaoki [aktoma]					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋensaʔaykamˀ					See Language page
Sanumá	wãšika (EM72)	wãʃika		inheritance			See Language page
Selknam		čahmke					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ccaao			unknown
Serrano	qa:c			unknown
Shipibo-Konibo		naka-ti					See Language page
Siona	sanquiji	sankihi		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	baagá-ri	baagá-ri					See Language page
Sirionó	i̯kʸa; ši̯ĩ̯	i̯kʸa; ši̯ĩ̯		unknown; semantic shift	bite		See Language page
Southern Paiute	tcogw7ai-			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	mucuna	mukuna					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7awa:l-			unknown
Southern Ute	kYchog'wa			inheritance
Tacana		kačo-					See Language page
Tanimuca	dyãʔ'kĩ ri'ka	ʎãʔ'kĩ ri'ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	pañhanipe	pañhanipe		unique			See Language page
Tikuna	na2na3wa3-5 (A58)	nanawa		unique			See Language page
Toba		yo-ḳolʸišin; y-iʔiko-tak				The latter refers to local custom of chewing algarroba pods.	See Language page
Trinitario		-nuʔo				'To chew (tobacco)' is -nuhriko.	See Language page
Trumai	maptsʔapa	maptsʔapa		unique			See Language page
Tukano	jaʔgé	jaʔgé		inheritance	Branch 2, E Tuk		See Language page
Tübatulabal	ahaaych-at			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	kyttsohi			unknown
Wai Wai	amčikɨ-ra	amčikɨ-ra		inheritance			See Language page
Walmajarri	janga-			loan
Wangkayutyuru	[missing]			missing
Waorani	kapo kapo kæ̃			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	šumaɨa-n	šumaɨa-n		unique			See Language page
Wappo	nahc'o/l'si7			unknown
Wari	quio (E&K97)	kio (E&K97)					See Language page
Washo	mU i/:k'yl Vt “to chew”			unknown			J?
Waurá	kaluluka	kaluluka		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	-suʔu	-suʔu		semantic shift	bite		See Language page
Wayana	apo	apo		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		akɨnɨha					See Language page
Western Mono	ky/tsoho-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		yukʷa'hi					See Language page
Wintu	c'uka:			inheritance
Wubuy	gard			inheritance
Yagua	sumutuy	su:mutuj		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		naka-kĩ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	[missing]			missing
Yandruwandha	[missing]			missing
Yanomam	watika, waški	watika, waʃki		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	oaɨ	oaɨ		unique			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	chmnya/yi			inheritance
Yavitero	jlámua	hlámua					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	[missing]			missing
Yawuru	djaŋ	jaŋ		inheritance
Yine		hawiyaka				To chew in order to soften is hamľoka.	See Language page
Yuki	sha,y, shoy			loan			S&S1984
Yukpa	satpu, soko, sostopa, tisai						See Language page
Yukuna	ajma'akaje (=bite)	ahmaʔakahe (=bite)		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	canye/7 H4:22			inheritance
Záparo	atsanu (comida), sak+hawnu (cualquier cosa)	atsanu (comida), sakɨhawnu (cualquier cosa)					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bardi
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Karajarri
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tikuna
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wai Wai
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Záparo

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