Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

chew

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
masticar, mascar
Meaning Portuguese
mastigar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Cahuilla -mish inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok chi/w:a- inheritance
Chumash Barbareno axtatan unknown Ono 1996:29
Chumash Ineseno aq-lamlam “to chew” unknown A 6
Chumash Obispeno hime unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno aqsk'ysy “mascar bien” unknown JPH
Cocopa smnyay “chew food” inheritance
Comanche kytsYkwetY unique
Cupeño sakom-in [sakomin] unknown
Gabrielino pera: inheritance
Iipay 'Aa chuuhwar [tʃuˑ˅ˈxʷar] unknown
Kawaiisu kocogo7o- inheritance
Kiliwa 7kway/-nya7 "with molars" inheritance
Kitanemuk kaci7 unknown
Lake Miwok ju/ute unknown
Luiseño me:cha~i- unknown
Maidu c'awa/j unknown
Mojave chamunye= inheritance
Mutsun Tikka unknown ?
Nisenan w2l2k unknown
Northern Paiute ky7waja unique Nichols 1974:165
Northern Sierra Miwok ciwa:T-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok wika:j-y- unknown
Salinan A *(k)itpetmak (S) “bite, chew” unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) ccaao unknown
Serrano qa:c unknown
Southern Paiute tcogw7ai- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7awa:l- unknown
Southern Ute kYchog'wa inheritance
Tübatulabal ahaaych-at inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone kyttsohi unknown
Wappo nahc'o/l'si7 unknown
Washo mU i/:k'yl Vt “to chew” unknown J?
Western Mono ky/tsoho- inheritance
Wintu c'uka: inheritance
Yavapai chmnya/yi inheritance
Yuki sha,y, shoy loan S&S1984
Yuma canye/7 H4:22 inheritance
Baniwa ñhakóta ɲhakóta inheritance See Language page
Cubeo jãjʉñʉ xãxɨjɨ unknown See Language page
Dâw aw’ Ɂaw' inheritance See Language page
Desano bahga-ri baʔga-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -ompa-n (IDS) -ompa-n (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï kwa'lɨte'ta unique See Language page
Waorani kapo kapo kæ̃ unique See Language page
Hup y’aw’- j’aw’- inheritance See Language page
Makushi yapo (IDS) yapo (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Ninam watɨtha, wašika (EM72) watɨtʰa, waʃika inheritance See Language page
Maihiki naquiyi nakiji inheritance See Language page
Pemon apo, chakauchakauma (A1981) apo, tʃakautʃakauma (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro chakó?-khú chakóʔ-kʰú inheritance See Language page
Sanumá wãšika (EM72) wãʃika inheritance See Language page
Tariana pañhanipe pañhanipe unique See Language page
Tukano jaʔgé jaʔgé inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria yahcara (Waltz) jahkaɾa (Waltz) inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam watika, waški watika, waʃki inheritance See Language page
Yanomami oaɨ oaɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna ajma'akaje (=bite) ahmaʔakahe (=bite) inheritance See Language page
Arabana [missing] missing
Bardi -lungguma- -lungkuma- inheritance
Bunuba minjala doubtful loan
Burarra jilamja unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari mandatarita inheritance?
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang [missing] missing
Gajirrabeng jang inheritance
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji ngulynguly paya- unique
Jaru [missing] missing
Karajarri japal punya ngujilakuny (2) loan Yawuru
Kija X inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala janjunarri (1) inheritance
Miriwung jangool inheritance
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra nyanyambi
Mudburra jabardkarra inheritance
Ngamini [missing] missing
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma bilya(-lgu) unique
Ngumbarl kabboo <kabboo> semantic shift
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru djaŋ jaŋ inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta japaly pini (V3) inheritance
Nyangumarta japaly pini (V3) loan Walmajarri
Nyikina juny juny; jang juny juny; jang inheritance
Nyulnyul djaŋ jaŋ inheritance
Paakantyi manda- inheritance?
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu X missing
Walmajarri janga- loan
Wangkayutyuru [missing] missing
Wubuy gard inheritance
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha [missing] missing
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru djaŋ jaŋ inheritance
Achagua jámuederi jámuederi unique See Language page
Piapoco amíadaca amíadaka See Language page
Yavitero jlámua hlámua See Language page
Wapishana šumaɨa-n šumaɨa-n unique See Language page
Wayuu akɨnɨha See Language page
Yine hawiyaka To chew in order to soften is hamľoka. See Language page
Paresi nisakoatya nisakoatya unique See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page
Trinitario -nuʔo 'To chew (tobacco)' is -nuhriko. See Language page
Baure hik- hik- unique See Language page
Waurá kaluluka kaluluka unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'halʸi-'ke-nu; 'hai-nu See Language page
Bora dɨmájco (T98) tɨmáxkʰo unique See Language page
Muinane désácuhi (W97) désákuʔi See Language page
Akawaio abö a'bö inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Wayana apo apo inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo -ya'ma-ri -ja'ma-ri See Language page
Wai Wai amčikɨ-ra amčikɨ-ra inheritance See Language page
Yukpa satpu, soko, sostopa, tisai See Language page
Muisca bgyiasuca βγɨiasuka See Language page
Barí kõõ See Language page
Northern Emberá kaéi, káedha kaéi, káedha See Language page
Epena kʰai-kʰayaa-; kʰai- See Language page
Macaguan tsatsakó-ja, tsatsakó-pe tsatsakó-ja, tsatsakó-pe unknown See Language page
Cofán tse´tseye tsɛʔtsɛjɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kamĭmaama kamĭmaama unique See Language page
Páez pequi peki See Language page
Tikuna na2na3wa3-5 (A58) nanawa unique See Language page
Andoke -ba'i -baʔi unique See Language page
Pumé hura See Language page
Puinave [-hɨi + uk] hɨi + uk unique See Language page
Ashuar naúrtin, nawáatin naurtin, nawa:tin See Language page
Huambisa nawatsa nawatsa See Language page
Aguaruna daút, kajít daut, kaxit unique; unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect wa:Ɂ, Ɂawa:Ɂ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ɁawaɁ See Language page
Matses namiua, quiad namiua, kiad unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ča'kuka-ti Also na'ča-ti 'to chew'; ma'čiš-ti, ma'či-ti (dial.) 'to chew cane'. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌ako- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo naka-ti See Language page
Yaminahua naka-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo naka-; tao- naka-; tao- inheritance See Language page
Yagua sumutuy su:mutuj unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua mucuna mukuna See Language page
Ingá kastui kastui See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua mucuna mukuna See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kachuy katʃuj See Language page
Piaroa ćE'ɨh s'æɁɨh unknown See Language page
Carapana bacurique bakuɾike See Language page
Makuna bague-re bague-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Siriano baagá-ri baagá-ri See Language page
Tanimuca dyãʔ'kĩ ri'ka ʎãʔ'kĩ ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje me'namʉ meʔnamʉ unique See Language page
Siona sanquiji sankihi inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -suʔu -suʔu semantic shift bite See Language page
Aché pono unique See Language page
Chiriguano suu ~ čuu; (ai)aso semantic shift bite See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ɲamiⁿduʔu; suʔu See Language page
Sirionó i̯kʸa; ši̯ĩ̯ i̯kʸa; ši̯ĩ̯ unknown; semantic shift bite See Language page
Ocaina faaan; borojo ɸããã; boroho unique; unique See Language page
Murui Witoto aɨde, aɨrite aɯdɛ, aɯritɛ (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito asajuutaani, saquɨɨni (used specifically for chewing manioc), itipiini (also used specifically for chewing manioc) asawutaani, sakɨɨni, itipiini (last two used specifically for chewing manioc) inheritance See Language page
Záparo atsanu (comida), sak+hawnu (cualquier cosa) atsanu (comida), sakɨhawnu (cualquier cosa) See Language page
Wari quio (E&K97) kio (E&K97) See Language page
Araona mia See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ixia-paša-kwe ixia-paša-kwe See Language page
Tacana kačo- See Language page
Cavineña nako-ya; koro- nako-ya; koro- unique See Language page
Central Aymara q´awiña kʰistʰu-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava ri-ta-tapa; ta-tapa Cf. 'bite'. See Language page
Itonama načˀahe See Language page
Kwazá ja- ja- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané karaub-'he; ka'raub-ka'raub-'he See Language page
Movima ɗon-ka-ɓa-na ɗon-ka-ɓa-na See Language page
Trumai maptsʔapa maptsʔapa unique See Language page
Kaingang kajẽ kayɛ̃ See Language page
Canela #NAME? *Jê form is *tẽ; *tẽm. Also means 'go' 10.470. See Language page
Djeoromitxi pa pa See Language page
Chipaya muk- Means 'to chew' for making 'chicha' (a corn drink). See Language page
Mocoví i-wag-igi Lit. '3p actor-chew/bite-across'. See Language page
Pilagá yi-paʁat See Language page
Toba yo-ḳolʸišin; y-iʔiko-tak The latter refers to local custom of chewing algarroba pods. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aptaoki [aptoma]; antaoki [aktoma] See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋensaʔaykamˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yukʷa'hi See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -tofʷiyin; -tani ~ -tyeni See Language page
Maca -atanxikii [loan Angaite?] See Language page
Nivaclé -xuʔx-xane; -tɔn chew, chew https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo agu; akeʔ Also means 'eat' 05.110. To chew for another is ũ'tirẽʔ; 'one who c. for another' is ũtira-'soorĩ; ũtira-'ŋoori; ũtira-'to. See Language page
Mapudungun čaŋafɨ Ranquel form is ɨčovɨn- ~ ɨčovan- ~ ɨčavane-. See Language page
Qawasqar yefa-tawan Cf. 'eat' 05.110. See Language page
Selknam čahmke See Language page
Lokono rydan ɾɨdan chew Pet 1987:353
Kariña àkopo ahkopo chew Courtz 2007:219