Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

pestle

Semantic Field: subsistence tool
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor
Meaning Portuguese: mão de pilão

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Aguaruna	tuntuip kuntuhɨ-amu	tuntuip kuntuhɨ-amu												See Language page
Araona		mawic̷aha (?)												See Language page
Ashuar	nakétai	nakɯtai												See Language page
Ayoreo		ãra'ŋe												See Language page
Baniwa	-tothíoko	-tothíoko		inheritance						Likely cognate Resigaro	Simplex			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	po-ho'-wel		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan	Yokuts	WW	%polwa	Stubbs 2011 1085	other complex			Merriam 49:189
Bardi	not used			missing
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tsokkainompeh		pestle, any object used to pound dry food	unique						this is with 'stone' IP	compound, other complex			Miller 1972
Bora	cáánuco	kʰáánɯkʰo												See Language page
Cahuilla	pawul		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085 with increment -wul; I am making this %pah to give it 3 segments. Half the California words for mortar and/or pestle have this in them. Again, very early loan into or from NUA	other complex			Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cavineña	mano-tako	mano-tako												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	kawá:či-		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok				Mins kawa:ci- 'stone mortar about 6 inches long'	simplex			Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Cha'palaa		'aa 'ma'čuka												See Language page
Chemehuevi	pahaku7U		mano de mortero	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085	compound	"ku7U cannot be used alone" JPH)		Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chipaya		tʰaax; txʷaax											The latter is a grinding stone, used on flat surface.	See Language page
Chiriguano		ᵐbae-so-ka												See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		wilik-ikyeʔ												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	c'uniy'ik		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Southern Chumashan				looks too much like the Henshaw Ineseno form not to call it the same	derived			Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno	tsoo-te'-ŭk		stone pestle	inheritance		Proto-Central Chumash				Henshaw has same word; I think this REALLY looks like the B form so am going to call it cognate in spite of the t here, n in Barb.	simplex			Merriam 37:519
Chumash Obispeno	jatspu jatSiLmu		pestle (lit. la mano de mortero)	unknown						t'spu-na/-ma, t'spu-hu-na-ma (Henshaw)	phrase			Harrington
Chumash Ventureno	t'spoo		pestle	unknown						c'uniyhïk Applegate 1973:Ch. 10-1	simplex			Merriam 38:23
Cocopa	xmu:ká:		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				xmu: is the 'mortar' word	simplex			Crawford 1989
Comanche	tsohkwe7		pestle (with hole in center)	unique						like BSVS, has 'stone, head' IP but not the same; also tyraju7ne7 (126) pestle of hardened wood knot for pounding meat or corn	simplex
Cubeo	totaibʉ	totaibɨ		unknown						Some similar forms in Puinave, Hoti, Orejon; may be onomatopoeic.	Derived	spear(v.) + Classifier bɨ		See Language page
Cupeño	pah-o (possessed)		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085; see discussion with Cahuilla	simplex			Merriam 48:501
Djeoromitxi	pfü	ɸø												See Language page
Dâw	sok rẽér	ʃɔk hẽ̌h		missing										See Language page
Epena		kʰũ'ruma 'kʰida											Lit. 'metate (mortar) tooth'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		mei etaxaxi												See Language page
Esselen	kušše		pestle	unknown						Pinart	simplex			Heizer 1952
Eñepa	ako yan	ako jan		inheritance		Proto-Carib					Other complex	akɔ= mortar; jan= leaf		See Language page
Gabrielino	ah-pah'-ho		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085	simplex			Merriam 49:101
Gajirrabeng	tyintyimung			unique
Gooniyandi	kurtu			unknown						kurtu - grind in Jarragan and other lgs.			axe
Gurindji	marang			loan direction unknown				WW	%marangu	mara 'hand' +ngu>-ng			mara 'hand' +ngu>-ng
Hodï	ʰtota hele	ʰtota hele		unique										See Language page
Hup	tok teg	tok teg		unique						same as 'mortar'	Derived	pound=CL:stick		See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	7'ehmuu esally		pestle (lit. mortar's arm)	unique						kalymuu esally p 25	phrase			Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Iquito	suhuánaja; ajírataaja; ajátaari (moledor tradicional usado para moler la masa de masato en una batán; hecho de un bloque de madera cuadrada con dos agarradores en las puntas superiores); amuútaaja (tipo de mazo que se usa para triturar comida o barbasco)	suwánaha; ahírataaha												See Language page
Jaru	pirli tyuŋarri												stone muller
Jingulu	tyungarri			loan			Mudburra	WW	%tyungari	top grindstone, also piyawutya
Kaingang	kra	kra												See Language page
Kakua	kâh-at-naʔ	kâh-at-naʔ		unique							Derived	smash-nmlz-clːstick/tree.like		See Language page
Karajarri	tyuŋari			inheritance
Karajá		owo												See Language page
Kariña	ako tano	ako tano	pestle				Courtz 2007:218
Katukina		tii a-ti												See Language page
Kawaiisu	paha-ko7o		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085	compound	mortar-cut		Zigmond et al. 1990
Kija	mantyany			inheritance						upper grindstone Gaj. Mir, mantalng
Kiliwa	xmaa		pestle, muller	unknown							simplex			Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	pahut		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085 with -wut increment	other complex			Anderton 1988
Kotiria	docaadʉ	dokaadʉ		missing										See Language page
Kwazá	mũsixu	mũsixu												See Language page
Lake Miwok	tówaj		pestle, mano, a cylindrical stone or an iron bar used as a pestle	unique							simplex			Callaghan 1965
Lengua		#NAME?												See Language page
Lokono	hako-rethi	hako-ɾetʰi	pestle (for cassava-flour)											Pet 1987:367
Luiseño	toopawut		pestle	inheritance	*typpa	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 20111083 with -wut increment like in Cahuilla	derived, other complex	has augmentative suffix		Elliott 1999
Maca		naḳfinet (m.)												See Language page
Macaguan	pemák	pemák		unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Maidu	suné		pestle	unique							simplex			Shipley 1963
Maihiki	tou bati ja	tou bati xã		unknown						Some similar forms in Puinave, Hoti, Cubeo; may be onomatopoeic.	Compound	tou 'mortar'		See Language page
Makushi	aʔyainon (SM)	aʔyainon (SM)		unknown										See Language page
Mangala	tyuŋari			inheritance
Mapudungun		ɲumkuθi											From Augusta 1915.	See Language page
Matses	senad podo	senad podo												See Language page
Miriwung	mantalng			inheritance						Gaj same; Kija manjany
Mocoví		n-awio l-oʔo											Lit. '3p possessor-mortar 3p possessor-master'.	See Language page
Mojave	ham7ukye		stone pestle for pounding mesquite beans	unknown						also katoove 117	simplex	ham7uuche is grinding stone, mano;		Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		ko'čakis												See Language page
Movima	ɓarin-kʷa	ɓarin-kʷa												See Language page
Mudburra	pinytyawunytya			unknown				WW	%pintyawintya	cf.piyawutya same<Jing, related cf,. Also pinytayinytya shell ornament, prob. Unrelated
Muinane	cábɨ́ɨ́cɨga (W97)	kábɨ́ɨ́kɨga												See Language page
Mutsun	hook-ke-en		pestle	unknown						Henshaw has tu-mĕm-ca	derived			Merriam 39:99
Napo Lowland Quichua	cutana	kutana												See Language page
Nheengatu	çukári, çuçuka (possible verb)	sukári, susuka (possible? verb)		unknown						Alternate: susuka (possible? verb)				See Language page
Ninam	tiša wei	tiʃa wei		unknown							Derived	pound + nominalizer		See Language page
Nisenan	baj		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Maiduan				Callaghan 2001:322 suggests may go with Yok-Utia pha forms	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		-xumkˀet; -ɬka-kaklɔʔ												See Language page
Northern Emberá	mano (Sp loan, IDS)	mano (Sp loan, IDS)												See Language page
Northern Paiute	pahagono		big pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085	compound			Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	kawa:ci		long pointed pestle for acorns	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok					simplex			Callaghan 1987
Nyangumarta	piyanapinti			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		avatisoka												See Language page
Paresi	ˈnatse	ˈnatse												See Language page
Piapoco	ayáiba	ajáiba												See Language page
Piaroa	tawawek'a	tawawek'a												See Language page
Pilagá		n-ʔelgek												See Language page
Plains Miwok	hopa-		pestle (rock), acorn pounder	unique						also lup:u- pestle p. 88	simplex			Callaghan 1984
Puinave	tou-yu	tou-ju												See Language page
Pumé	to koto													See Language page
Páez	masu (Spanish loan)													See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	qulluta (CP94)	quʎuta												See Language page
Resígaro	tho?khoótsií	tʰoʔkʰoótsií		inheritance						Likely cognate Baniwa	Derived	tʰoʔkʰoó “to grind,” -tsi “object nominalizer” -í (-hi?) “round and flat” classifier		See Language page
Salinan A	ai/ye<	< is aspiration	wooden pestle	unknown						pn-ne 'stone pestle' Merriam 38:397	derived	suffix -ye		Mason 1918
Salinan M	pane/, p'αnE'		pestle	unknown						note the pa- element	simplex			Mason 1918
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		yamit ankok												See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		yenaanaʔ												See Language page
Selknam		čèʔmiʔn											The upper grinder.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	hazpéen		pestle used to grind mesquite pods & seeds	unknown							simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	pāhu't		pestle	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085 with -wut increment	other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Southern Paiute	missing			missing
Southern Sierra Miwok	kawa:-ci-		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok				JHH	other complex	nt		Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	mu7wa-cI		pestle, rock used with a mortar bowl to grind corn	unknown						maybe 1089 *musa?	other complex	mu7way 'to grind'		Givon
Tacana		edodo-hi tomo											Rock for grinding; it is large and with a curved side; tomo is 'rock'.	See Language page
Toba		l-ʔad-aʁan-aʁat											Lit. '3p possessor-punch-intrans-instrument (masc)'.	See Language page
Tukano	pamôga dikekɨhɨˊ	pamôga dikekɨhɨʔ		unique							Compound	dikekɨhɨʔ, “mortar”		See Language page
Tuyuka	doka-ri-gɨ	doka-ri-gɨ												See Language page
Tübatulabal	poho'wal, pohōwal		pestle	loan	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan		WW	%polwa	Stubbs 2011 1085 with increment, is vowel from assim from /w/?	other complex			K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	pakkun		pestle (large), "long pestle"	inheritance	*paha	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1085	simplex			Dayley 1989
Wai Wai	ak ɲiyo	ak ɲijo		missing										See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	aka	aka												See Language page
Walmajarri	marangu			loan direction unknown						mara 'hand' +-ngu, from Pny lg to S or W			mara 'hand' +-ngu, from Pny lg to S or W
Waorani	ao bæ̃-ĩ-ka			unique							Other complex	ao bæ̃= crush, grind; ĩ-ka=???		See Language page
Wapishana	daɨri'bai	daɨri'bai		unknown							Other Complex	-bai may be some sort of classifier?		See Language page
Wappo	č'óla		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Yukian					simplex			Elmendorf 1996
Washo	bíc'ik		pestle, stone pestle	unknown							derived	b-		Washo Project Dictionary
Waurá	ana-tɨ	ana-tɨ												See Language page
Wayampi	ɨmɨla	ɨmɨla												See Language page
Wayana	apotop	apotop												See Language page
Wayuu		iper̃a												See Language page
Western Mono	podAnu	cap U	pestle, mano	inheritance	*poto	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1079	derived	poda- to grind,pound, pulverize		Loether & Bethel 1993
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-ka-lah'nat											Also hʷeɬek-'čaʔ, lit. 'mortar (its) instrument'.	See Language page
Wintu	sataq		pestle, pounding rock	inheritance	*sat 'hold in hand'?	Proto-Wintun				Shepherd 2006:166	derived			Schlichter 1981
Yagua	sanãse	sanãse												See Language page
Yaminahua		čači-ti												See Language page
Yanomami	poo (for grinding halucinogens)	po:		unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Yavapai	hàvčā(:)	v=beta (seems to be no difference)	mano	unknown							simplex			Shaterian 1983
Yavitero	wi'yaľ̥i	wi'jaľ̥i												See Language page
Yine		hitɨsc̷i												See Language page
Yir-Yoront	lith-ngamayrr		bottom grindstone	unique						With lith 'beach-stone', ngamayrr 'mother; biggest in a set'
Yokuts Palewyami	pol'-woi		stone pestle	inheritance				WW	%polwa		simplex			Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	padui		pestle	inheritance		Proto-Nim-Yokuts?				Merriam confirms pad'-we 44:187	simplex			Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Yawelmani	pholwoy		pestle for pounding corn	inheritance		Proto-Yokutsan		WW	%polwa	Newman 1944:154 has O…O	simplex			Berman 2002
Yuki	k'o:l-amT		pestle	inheritance	*k'olam	Proto-North Yukian				Looks P-Yukian in Elmendorf 1993 (Wappo č'ola)	derived	suffix -m		Schlichter 1985
Yulparija	marrangu			semantic shift						kneecap			kneecap
Záparo	ahiryasutaka	ahirjasutaka												See Language page


Aguaruna
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Cavineña
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gurindji
Hodï
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Iquito
Jaru
Jingulu
Kaingang
Kakua
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makushi
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Muinane
Mutsun
Napo Lowland Quichua
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tacana
Toba
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yine
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yulparija
Záparo

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