| agile wallaby, river wallaby |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Macropus agilis |
lalpm; minh- |
minh-lalpm |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Speared; in Dry, driven by fire to blinds. Post-Wet, peaking in Dry; Pre-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| ant (generic) |
hormiga |
formiga |
flora-fauna |
|
Formicidae |
mom(; lorr-) & kern; lorr- |
(lorr-)mom & lorr-kern |
|
inheritance |
*mumu |
Local |
|
PPaman *kar(a)na > kern (black cockatoo) |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Australian pelican |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pelecanus conspicillatus |
pelkolvlh; minh |
minh-pelkolvlh |
|
unique |
|
|
|
Sutton: 'pelican' words commonly comtain 'hip'. Should this be classed as calque? |
|
|
|
compound |
with pel 'hip' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
all seasons, peaking in post-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| Australian snubfin dolphin |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Orcaella heinsohnii |
thamvll |
thamvll |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
Known to be eaten by people to the north |
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| baler shell |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Melo amphora |
ki |
ki |
|
inheritance |
*kiika |
local |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bandicoot |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Peramelemorphia |
purrq; minh- |
minh-purr7 |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| barn owl |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tyto alba |
thiw; minh- |
minh-thiw |
|
inheritance |
*ciwa |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Poss. imitative of call, conventionally voiceless [syiw] |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| barramundi |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Lates calcarifer |
kurr; ngar- |
ngar-kurr |
|
inheritance |
*kurra |
pPaman |
|
To Kukatj kurr: 'perch'; poss. Local |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
yes, big-time |
0 |
|
All seasons, peaking in Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bat |
murciélago |
morcego |
flora-fauna |
|
Chiroptera spp |
mal; minh- & manglh; minh- & thorn(t); minh- |
minh-mal & minh-manglh & minh-thornt |
|
inheritance |
*mali |
pPaman |
|
Poss. wider than Paman |
|
|
minh-mal: a small (as yet undentified) insectivorous bat but also poss. generic for bats (poss. incl. fruit-bats); minh-mal is also a gigantic mythic bat-creature; minh-manglh is colloquially identified as a flying fox and is possibly misidentified here. |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bindii, caltrop |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tribulus terrestris |
pinti |
pinti |
|
loan |
|
|
English |
Ultimately, < some southern Aboriginal language |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bird |
pajaro, ave |
passaro |
flora-fauna |
|
|
tholhth; minh- & puth-lon; minh |
minh-tholhth |
|
inheritance |
*culci |
pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
/puth-lon/ 'wing-having' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
small birds: all seasons |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| black-breasted buzzard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Hamirostra melanosternon |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| black-faced cuckoo-shrike |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Coracina novaehollandiae |
weyw; minh- |
minh-weyw |
|
loan direction unknown |
*waya |
|
Kuuk Thaayorre |
as wey(+w) to KThaay way, waya |
|
|
|
underived |
Poss. with derivational /+w/ |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| black-headed python |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aspidites melanocephalus |
koqvrrvlh; minh- |
minh-ko7vrrvlh |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| black-soil yam |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ipomoea diamantinensis |
murrql; yo- |
yo-murr7l |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bloodwood |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri |
pirriyl; yo- |
yo-pirriyl |
|
inheritance |
*parricVl or poss. *purricVl |
pYirrka-KKapér |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
sap (red) is a briefly very painful but permanent cure for toothache |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| blowfly maggots |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Diptera, Sarcophagidae |
palpar |
palpar |
|
inheritance |
*palparV |
pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| blue-tongue lizard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tiliqua species |
paqarr; minh- |
minh-pa7arr |
|
inheritance |
*pangkarra |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Probably much undetected borrowing (poss. through English) in this etymon, especially in western languages. |
WW |
%pangkarra |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Post-Wet, peaking in Dry; Pre-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| blue-winged kookaburra |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dacelo leachii |
kuqa; minh- |
minh-ku7a |
|
inheritance |
*kungkaka |
|
|
Protoform poss. sound-symbolic |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bluebone |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Choerodon cyanodus |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Men use spears; both sexes use nets |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| brolga |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Grus rubicunda |
kurrqurr(l); minh- |
minh-kurr7urrl |
|
unknown |
|
|
|
< imitation of call (kurrr, kurrr); a form of this (kurrkurr, korr) is attested as the ordinary word for 'brolga' across a number of languages of this region |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
speared; all seasons, peaking in post-Wet |
men |
bush-oven |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| brown goshawk |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Accipiter fasciatus |
kayar; minh- |
minh-kayar |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| brush-tailed possum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Trichosurus vulpecula |
mirtin; minh- |
minh-mirtin |
|
loan |
|
|
Dyirbal |
Dyirbal or poss. pre-Yidiny; either or both likely via song |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
grabbed from holes in trees |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bush cockroach |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
minh-loql; lorr- & minh-pengrr; lorr |
lorr-minh-lo7l & lorr-minh-pengrr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
The specific terms are themselves genus-species compounds: minh-loql 'stinking turtle', Chelodina steindachneri; minh-pengrr Ch. expansa |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bush stone-curlew |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Burhinus grallarius |
walm; minh- |
minh-walm |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NOT bush stone-curlew |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bush tobacco |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Lobelia quadrangularis |
yoq & thampáyk; yoq- & ya-pin; yoq- |
yo7 & thampáyk; yo7- & ya-pin; yo7- |
|
loan |
|
|
English |
/thampáyk/: English via Kriol, poss. Macassan, and other Aboriginal languages |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bush turkey, Australian bustard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ardeotis australis |
themthem; minh- |
minh-themthem |
|
loan direction unknown |
|
|
|
Mutual with KThaay themthem |
|
|
|
reduplicated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
speared; all seasins, peaking in Dry |
men |
bush-oven or coals |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| bush yam |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata |
wortol; may- |
may-wortol |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also /wañcvw/ 'Dioscorea bulbifera' (see KKaper entry): this is the yam that is the standard item of diet |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
Root cooked in ashes & eaten |
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| butterfly, moth |
mariposa |
borboleta |
flora-fauna |
|
Lepidoptera |
minh-ngorro; lorr- & themrr; lorr- |
lorr-minh-ngorro & lorr-themrr |
|
calque |
|
|
|
Other local languages name all or some butterflies as magpie goose; themrr is unique |
|
|
|
compound |
The specific term minh-ngorro 'magpie goose' is itself a genus-species compound; themrr 'sulphur-crested cockatoo' is simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| carpet snake |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Morelia spilota |
polt; minh- |
minh-polt |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| caterpillar |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Lepidoptera |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| catfish |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
kopvrrlh [FW lagoons; flat forehead, thick flat tail] & koqvlt [SW] & kunvlh [FW; Tandanus tandanus] & manl [small; FW & SW] & ngolpuwl [black, a bit big] & ngothor [SW, small mouth] & nhalvlt [blue] & pirrp [short-nosed] & pung [coppery red like sun, big |
kopvrrlh [FW lagoons; flat forehead, thick flat tail] & koqvlt [SW] & kunvlh [FW; Tandanus tandanus] & manl [small; FW & SW] & ngolpuwl [black, a bit big] & ngothor [SW, small mouth] & nhalvlt [blue] & pirrp [short-nosed] & pung [coppery red like sun, big |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
all |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
All seasons, peaking in Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| centipede |
ciempiés |
centopéia |
flora-fauna |
|
Chilopoda, Myriapoda |
(minh-)popor; lorr- |
lorr-(minh-)popor |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
The specific tem minh-popor 'brownsnake' is itself a genus-species compound. |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| channel-billed cuckoo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Scythops novaehollandiae |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| crested pigeon |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ocyphaps lophotes |
kolorr; minh- |
minh-kolorr |
|
inheritance |
*kurlu+ |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Sound-symbolic (dove's call), especially in its tri- and tetrasyllabic attestations. Probably many of the attestations are loans. |
WW |
%kurlu+ |
Also bar-shouldered dove (Geopelia humeralis) and other G. spp. O. lophotes is said to be a forest country (east of YY country) bird. |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
Forest country (mostly to east of YY country). |
no |
|
|
|
| darter/cormorant |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species |
ko+kal+w; minh- & kawvnvnh; minh- |
minh-ko+kal+w & minh-kawvnvnh |
|
calque |
|
|
Unknown |
ko+kal+w to KThaay koow+kirk; calque judgement based on Local distribution; note also Kurrtjar keergh 'darter; spike, sharp spine' |
|
|
|
compound |
/kokalvw/ with /ko/ 'nose, beak' + /kal? < /kalq/ 'spear' + adjective-deriving /w/ & /kawvnvnh/ with /kawvn/ 'water' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
all seasons, peaking in post-Wet |
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| death adder, five-minute snake |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Acanthophis praelongus |
larty; minh- |
minh-larty |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
Said to be common in country to the south, on sand-ridges. |
yes |
|
|
|
| dingo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Canis familiaris dingo |
marrvm; kur- |
kur-marrvm |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
generic 'dog' < kurta; marrvm 'wild' in highly specialised contexts |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| dog (camp, domestic) |
perro |
cachorro |
flora-fauna |
|
Canis familiaris |
kurta |
kurta |
|
inheritance |
*kutaka |
pPaman; poss. wider; poss. < 'koala' |
|
|
|
|
/kurta/ is used as a generic for a number of domesticated animals of European origin |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| duck |
pato |
pato, marreco |
flora-fauna |
|
Anatidae |
yuwar; minh- & perreyvl; minh- & lirrql; minh- |
minh-yuwar & minh-perreyvl & minh-lirrql |
|
unique |
*pirriñcVl & *tirrkal |
Local |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
both |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
eggs during wet |
|
earth-oven |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| dugong |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dugon dugong |
komorvw; minh- |
minh-komorvw |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
With ko 'nose'; mor+w prob. a reference to its shape |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
yes |
0 |
|
harpooned from boats |
men |
earth-oven |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| earthworm |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Annelida, Oligochaeta |
nhorrq (; minh-) |
(minh-)nhorr7 |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| emu |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dromaius novaehollandiae |
pirri; minh- |
minh-pirri |
|
inheritance |
*purriwi |
pPaman |
|
Dixon (review of YY Lexicon) relates this to Mbabaram p3rr 'emu' presumably < *CVpirri & therefore a loan in YY |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
Not a 'bird' (minh-puth-lon) |
|
older males |
2 |
|
1 |
age & gender taboos |
2 |
|
speared; all seasons |
men |
elaborately; bush-oven |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| fish (generic) |
pez |
peixe |
flora-fauna |
|
|
ngart |
ngart |
|
inheritance |
*ngata |
pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
Typically /ngar/ when used as a generic with a simplex specific term. |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
N/A |
|
|
|
| flower |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(NA) |
kernterr & thaw; par- |
kernterr & par-thaw |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
/par/ 'head', /thaw/ 'mouth' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| blowfly/housefly |
mosca |
mosca |
flora-fauna |
|
Diptera |
nhen |
nhen |
|
inheritance |
*ñi:ni |
local |
|
problematic |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| flying-fox (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
kiltin; minh- |
minh-kiltin |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not a generic as far as I can tell. See 'bat' above regarding minh-manglh. |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
cooked on open fire or in earth-oven |
0 |
|
shotguns; sticks; Post-Wet, peaking in Dry, Pre-Wet |
men; ?women |
cooked on coals or in earth-oven |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| freshwater crocodile |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Crocodylus johnstoni |
kanharr; minh- |
minh-kanharr |
|
inheritance |
*kañarra |
pPaman |
|
Attestations on the east coast of CYP refer to the saltwater crocodile |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
Wet season |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| freshwater mussel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Velesunio wilsoni |
wirq; kumn & mirtangrr |
kumn-wir7 & mirtangrr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
kumn 'thigh', wirq 'bone (as felt from outside)' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
all seasons, peaking in Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| freshwater prawn |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
pothn |
pothn |
|
inheritance |
*pucin |
local |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| frill-necked lizard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Chlamydosaurus kingii |
kalvlh; minh |
minh-kalvlh |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| frog (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
thertl |
thertl |
|
inheritance |
*cata |
pPaman; poss. pre-Pama-Nyungan (cognates in Gunwinyguan) |
|
The protoform *catal is Local |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| galah |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eolophus roseicapilla |
kalvmvr |
kalvmvr |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| turtle (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
pengrr; minh- & loql; minh- |
minh-pengrr & minh-loql |
|
inheritance |
*pangVrr |
pSWPaman |
|
KThaay to Kurrtjar along the coast; not inland |
|
|
There is no generic term for turtles/tortoises, but /minh-penrr/ is poss. prototypical. |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Dug from mud with yamstick; post-Wet, Dry, & pre-wet. Eggs post-Wet & Dry |
women; also men |
cooked in ashes |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| ghost gum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) |
pororrl; yo- |
yo-pororrl |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| goanna (generic) or sand goanna |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Varanus spp |
ngarrchw; minh- |
minh-ngarrchw |
|
inheritance |
*ngarrcim(pV) |
local |
|
|
|
|
|
derived |
Probably with derivational +w |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
All seasons, peaking in Dry; eggs Post-Wet & Dry |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| grass |
hierba, pasto |
capim, grama |
flora-fauna |
|
(NA) |
warrq |
warr7 |
|
inheritance |
*warrka |
local |
|
Pos. pPama-Nyungan if 'hair' senses are included |
|
|
grasses and sedges |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| grasshopper |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Orthoptera |
pirtilt; lorr- |
lorr-pirtilt |
|
inheritance |
*punti+ |
pPama-Maric, with likely cognates as far away as Karnic |
|
phonological history in YYoront is problematic |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| great bowerbird |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Chlamydera nuchalis |
thenvwthan; minh- |
minh-thenvwthan |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
/then/ 'penis' with derivational /+w/ and /than/ 'stand', poss. a reference to the not-always visible pink crest as like an erect penis |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| green ant |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Oecophylla smaragdina |
thiqvrrowr |
thiqvrrowr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
With +(rr)owr |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| green sea turtle |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Chelonia mydas |
parmvn; minh- |
minh-parmvn |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| green tree snake |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dendrelaphis punctulata |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| head/body lice |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus |
kaq |
kaq |
|
inheritance |
*kaku |
pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| horse |
caballo |
cavalho |
flora-fauna |
|
Equus caballus |
yarrvmvn & karntl; kurta- |
yarrvmvn & kurta-karntl |
|
loan |
|
|
languages to south and east |
(yarrvmvn) |
WW |
%yarraman |
|
underived |
kurta-karntl lit. 'big dog', with kurta as generic for domesticated mammalian spp |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| hummingbird |
colibrí, picaflor (Peru) |
beija-flor |
flora-fauna |
|
Trochilidae |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| humpback whale |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Megaptera novaeangliae |
thathorrnh or thathorrvnyvrr |
thathorrnh or thathorrvnyvrr |
|
calque |
|
|
|
mutual calque, Local; KThaay thaa+thomp to YYoront, or vice versa |
|
|
|
compound |
/tha/ 'mouth' + /thorrnh ~ thorrnyrr/ < /thorrchn/ 'smoke, vapour', an allusion to its spouting |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| insect (generic) |
insecto |
insecto |
flora-fauna |
|
generic |
lorr |
lorr |
|
inheritance |
*tu:rru or *tu:kurr |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
HIGHLY PROBLEMATIC |
|
|
Most insects but not hornets (/ponh/), sugarbag bees (/may-), edible grub (/ngarllúq/, mosquitos, flies; used of centipede; variable with /maqar/ 'spider'; not with /waln/ 'tick', /thonhthvn/ 'scorpion'. |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| jabiru |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus |
mor; minh- |
minh-mor |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Megapodius freycinet |
thurrqn; minh- |
minh-thurr7n |
|
inheritance |
*currkan |
local |
|
Poss. pPaman |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
all seasons; eggs pre-Wet, peaking in Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| kangaroo (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Macropodidae |
porr; minh- |
minh-porr |
|
inheritance |
*purru |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
pPama-Nyungan status very shaky, hinging among other things on 19th-C transcriptions that fail to distinguish r/rr. |
|
|
NOT generic; grey kangaroo only; see Other Notes |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| land snail |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Gastropoda |
koporr |
koporr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
Poss. w. /ko/ 'nose' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| magpie goose |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Anseranas semipalmata |
ngorro; minh- |
minh-ngorro |
|
inheritance |
*ngurrumpa |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
pPNy poss. *kurrumpa |
|
|
|
underived |
both |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
eggs, mosquito-bitten young, & adults |
0 |
|
eggs during Wet; eggs & mosquito-bitten young snatched from nest; adults speared |
women & men gather, men spear |
adult: earth-oven |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| military dragon |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. |
parn+yirrin; minh- |
minh-parn+yirrin |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agamidae except frill-lizard |
compound |
parts not recorded elsewhere |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| mosquito |
mosquito, zancudo |
mosquito, carapana |
flora-fauna |
|
Anopheles spp, Isoptera |
korll |
korll |
|
inheritance |
*ku(:)tir(V) |
local |
|
problematic, but poss. cognates |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| mud wasp, hornet |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
ponh |
ponh |
|
inheritance |
*pu:ñi |
pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| native bee |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
ngamvlwurrvw; may- |
may-ngamvlwurrvw |
|
inheritance |
*wurrupa |
pPaman |
|
Sound correspondences are problematic and attestation is sparse. |
|
|
|
compound |
ngaml (poss. 'big') + wurrvw |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
chop tree down; pre-Wet & Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| native cat |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dasyurus |
thiq; minh- |
minh-thi7 |
|
inheritance |
*cika |
pPNy |
|
Questionable |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| northern brown bandicoot |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Isoodon macrourus |
purrq; minh- |
minh-purr7 |
|
inheritance |
*purrka |
Eastern; poss. pPNy |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Dry season only |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| northern kurrajong |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Brachychiton diversifolius |
kalirrn ~ kalvtn; may- |
may-kalirrn ~ may-kalvtn |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
kal+yirrn |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
nuts from pod; exuded sap eaten like lolly |
no? |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| nut tree |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Terminalia grandifolia |
kalpmthann; yo-/may- & lar; yo- |
yo-/may-kalpmthann & yo-lar |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
Poss. kalpn 'hard, fast', than 'to stand' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
black fruit, like plum |
0 |
|
Pre-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| octopus |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Octopus australis |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| pandanus palm |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pandanus spiralis |
kunhthn |
kunhthn |
|
inheritance |
*kunca |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Attestation only in Arnhem land and western CYP |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
the nut/fruit, may-ngarqrr, is eaten |
0 |
|
|
|
takes some doing |
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| paperbark |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya |
pethw; yo- & waqarr; (yo-) |
yo-pethw & (yo-)waqarr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
Prob /peth/ ('fishing rod') + /w/. |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
Leaves used to give flavour in cooking and as plate to put food on |
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| peaceful dove |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Geopelia placida |
kolorr; minh- |
minh-kolorr |
|
inheritance |
*kurlu+ |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Sound-symbolic (dove's call), especially in its tri- and tetrasyllabic attestations. Probably many of the attestations are loans. |
WW |
%kurlu+ |
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| pearlshell |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pinctada spp |
wol |
wol |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
wol can be used as a generic. |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| peewee |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Gryllina cyanoleuca |
lilqlir; minh- |
minh-lil7lir |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| pied butcherbird |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Cracticus nigrogularis |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| pike eel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Muraenesox arabicus |
pin+lenh; ngar- |
ngar-pin+lenh |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
/pin/ probably 'ear'; /+lenh/ not determined |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
Both salt- and fresh-water. |
no |
|
|
|
| praying mantis, stick insects |
mantis religiosa |
louva-a-deus |
flora-fauna |
|
Mantodea |
minh-kothorr; lorr- |
lorr-minh-kothorr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
The specific term minh-kothorr 'saltwater crocodile' is itself a genus-species compound. |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| prickle bush |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Sclerolaena bicornis |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| quail (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Coturnix species, Turnix species |
lorrvyvl; minh- & kurrq(n); minh- |
minh-lorrvyvl & minh-kurrq(n) |
|
inheritance |
|
|
|
To UOyk /erryal/. |
|
|
|
underived |
both |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
/minh-lorrvyvl/ is from dry country; /minh-kurrqn/, its mate, is from wetter country |
no |
|
|
|
| red river gum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis |
porqol, yo- |
yo-por7ol |
|
inheritance |
*porko+ |
pYirrka-KKaper |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| red-tailed black-cockatoo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Calyptorhynchus banksi |
kern |
kern |
|
inheritance |
*kar.na or *karana |
; cognates in Gunwinyguan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| riflefish, archerfish |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Toxotes chatareus |
palq; ngar- |
ngar-pal7 |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| river mangrove |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aegicera corniculatum |
thawirll; yo- |
yo-thawirll |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
/tha/ 'mouth' (poss. 'flower' in this context) + /wirll/ (sense not ascertained) |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
Not to people |
|
|
|
| rock fig |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ficus brachypoda |
kuparrl; yo-/may- & thethw; yo-/may- & therteyrr; yo-/may- |
yo-/may-kuparrl & yo-/may-thethw & yo-/may-therteyrr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
/therteyrr/ with /thert/ in derived forms meaning 'rough' & /thethw/ with /theth/ (elsewhere 'pus', for the milky sap) |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Dry (thethvw) |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| sacred kingfisher |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Todiramphus sancta |
wartawurrl; minh- |
minh-wartawurrl |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
/warta/ 'river' + /wurrl/ 'crosswise' (?) |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| saltwater crocodile |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Crocodylus porosus |
kothorr; minh- |
minh-kothorr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
yes |
|
|
|
| saltwater mussel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Mytilidae |
wert |
wert |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
all seasons, peaking in Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| sawfish |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pristis pectinata |
wurryvm; ngar- |
ngar-wurryvm |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
speared (usually from hand); beginning in Post-Wet & peaking in Dry & Pre-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
yes |
|
|
|
| scorpion |
escorpión; alacran |
escorpião |
flora-fauna |
|
Arachnida, Scorpiones |
thonhthvn |
thonhthvn |
|
inheritance |
*cuncun |
pPaman; poss. (as *cuncu+) pPama-Nyungan |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
Poss. redupication |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| shark (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Selachimorpha |
worrqo; ngar- |
ngar-worr7o |
|
semantic shift |
|
|
|
|
|
|
various spp. |
underived |
worrqo 'elder brother' as in address |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
speared (usually from hand); beginning in Post-Wet & peaking in Dry & Pre-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
variable |
|
|
|
| shell (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
|
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| short-beaked echidna |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tachyglossus aculeatus |
kalqperr; minh- |
minh-kal7perr |
|
calque |
|
|
Unknown |
YYoront to KThaay or vice versa; HOWEVER, in view of Kukatj kalkapurrk 'echidna', possibilities also include independent invention and (assuming trandcription vagaries) full cognation (*kalka+pirrki) |
|
|
|
compound |
/kalq/ 'spear' < *kalka; /perr/ poss. < *pirrki or*pikirrkalq 'spear' < *kalka; perr poss. < *pirrki or*pikirr. /kalq/ 'spear' is a reference to the spines |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| snake (generic) |
culebra, serpiente |
cobra |
flora-fauna |
|
|
tholqorr; minh- |
minh-thol7orr |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
tholqorr 'long': minh-tholqorr (like the respect-language equivalent wirqvyvw ('bony one', referring to the many ribs) is a coinage of convenience; there is, properly speaking, no generic term for 'snake' |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
Post-Wet, peaking in Dry; Pre-Wet. Eggs Post-Wet & Dry |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
many spp |
|
|
|
| snappy gum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus brevifolia |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| spider |
araña |
aranha |
flora-fauna |
|
Arachnida, Araneae |
maqar |
ma7ar |
|
unique |
|
|
|
Poss. source of loan to KThaay ma'ar 'spider, or vice versa |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| spinifex |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Triodia species |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia |
ko+mervlh; minh- |
minh-ko+mervlh |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
With /ko/ 'nose, beak' plus /mer+lh/ (sense not determined, but undoubtedly a reference to the shape) |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
all seasons, peaking in post-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| stingray (generic) |
rayas látigo, raya |
arraia |
flora-fauna |
|
Dasyatidae |
thip; ngar- |
ngar-thip |
|
calque |
*ngata, *cipa |
*ngata (fish) pPaman; *cipa (liver) pPama-Nyungan and poss. pre-PNy (cognates in Gunwinyguan) |
Unknown |
Protoform poss. *kipa; 'liver' is a reference to the prominence of the liver in preparation as food. Mutual calque, Local; OR loan with source undeterminable. YYoront OR KThaay |
|
|
Various spp; can also refer to sharks, hence generic for elasmobranch fish. |
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
All rays are prepared for eating in an elaborate manner prominently involving the liver (thip), hence the name |
0 |
|
speared (usually from hand); beginning in Post-Wet & peaking in Dry & Pre-Wet |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
variable |
|
|
|
| stripe-faced dunnart |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Sminthopsis macroura |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| sugarbag wax |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
|
maq; may- |
may-ma7 |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
maq poss. 'bottom' |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
chop tree down |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| sulphur-crested cockatoo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Cacatua galerita |
themrr |
themrr |
|
unique |
*cimVrr |
Local |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| swamp eel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ophisternon gutturale |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| swamp leech |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Annelida, Hirudinea |
memr |
memr |
|
inheritance |
*mimint |
pYirrka-Kok-Kapér |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| tawny frogmouth |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Podargus strigoides |
law; minh- |
minh-law |
|
inheritance |
*tawa/u |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Outside Local (*tawa), only attestation is Djapu /rdawurtawu/ 'tawny frogmouth' |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| termite mounds, ant hills |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Isoptera |
lipn & mu-pel & yo-yethrr |
lipn & mu-pel & yo-yethrr |
|
inheritance |
*tipa (antbed) & *mungku/a (antbed) & *pirlu (hip) |
pPama-Nyungan (all) |
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
/mu-pel/ & /yo-yethrr/ are stress-second compounds; /lipn/ is simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
eaten by women with newborns to stimulate lactation |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| termites, white-ants |
comején (Peru), termitas |
cupim |
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
mom; lorr |
lorr-mom |
|
inheritance |
*mumu |
local |
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| ti-tree |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Melaleuca bracteata |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| tick |
garrapata |
carrapato |
flora-fauna |
|
Arachnida, Acarina |
waln |
waln |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| tiger shark |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Galeocerdo cuvier |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
yes |
|
|
|
| torresian crow |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Corvus orru |
waw; min- |
minh-waw |
|
unique |
|
|
|
sound-symbolic |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| tree |
árbol |
arvore |
flora-fauna |
|
(NA) |
yoq |
yo7 |
|
inheritance |
*yuku |
pPaman |
|
poss. pPama-Nyungan |
|
|
|
underived |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| waterlily |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Nymphaea macrosperma |
thenhthrr; may- & kunkalmvlh; may- & parn; may- |
may-thenhthrr & may-kunkalmvlh & may-parn |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
underived |
/kunkalmvlh/ prob. /kun/ 'bottom' + /kalm/ + /lh/ |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
various parts, separately named |
2 |
|
Post-Wet (kunkalmvlh); stems (may-kach, may-kewrr) Post-Wet peaking in Dry; peak in Post-Wet extending into Dry (thentherrl) |
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| wattle |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Acacia difficilis |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| wedge-tailed eagle |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aquila audax |
wangrr; minh & larrpo; minh- |
minh-wangrr & minh-larrpo |
|
calque |
|
|
|
< /wangrr/ 'ghost' in YY < pPama-Nyungan *wangarr ('totem' or 'ghost'); /minh-wangarr/ is a mutual calque with KThaay /minh-wang/ |
|
|
|
underived |
both |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| willie wagtail |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Rhipidura leucophrys |
thithvrrowr; minh- |
minh-thithvrrowr |
|
inheritance |
*thitharr |
local |
|
local but likely pPamn, poss. pPama-Nyungan |
|
|
|
compound |
With /(rr)owr/, a formative of undetermined significance |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| witchetty grub |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
ngar-luq (; lorr) |
(lorr-)ngar-lu7 |
|
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
/ngarllú'/ contains /ngar-/ 'fish'; man-luq is an abdominal organ, not determined |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
cooked in ashes |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
| woma |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aspidites ramsayii |
missing |
missing |
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
1 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
no |
|
|
|
