Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

song (generic)

Semantic Field: culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: canción, canto
Meaning Portuguese: canção

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	ʃímaʃi	ʃímaʃi		unique										See Language page
Aché		preʔe		inheritance										See Language page
Aguaruna	kantamtái (Sp.), anen (trad. song type), nampét	kantamtái (Sp.), anen (trad. song type), nampét		loan; inheritance			Spanish							See Language page
Akawaio	ereng	ereŋ		inheritance		Akawaio-Pemon								See Language page
Apalai	eremiãko (vb)	eremiãko (vb)		inheritance										See Language page
Araona		hehe											Bird singing is kʷei.	See Language page
Ashuar	anen (trad Achuar song type)	anen (trad Achuar song type)												See Language page
Ayoreo		iɲ̥e'kãreʔ												See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	i-yan-nat', e'-lik		song	inheritance	*aya	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1492; also in Tub; e-lā-tit singer	other complex		7e'-lik is Yokuts loan, Yawelamni *7ilik (Newman 27)	Merriam 49:201
Bardi	ilma			unique
Barí		čibaa											Colombia: čibaarə. Chibchan form is 'ta.	See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	hupia"		song	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	simplex			Crapo 1976
Bora	majtsíyu (song); llééneba (insulting); ijchóju (drinking)	matsʰíjɯ, tʃéénepa, ixtʃʰóxɯ		inheritance										See Language page
Burarra	manakay			inheritance
Cahuilla	taxmu'at		song	unique							other complex			Seiler & Hioki 1979
Candoshi-Shapra	vayaasi	wajaasi		doubtful loan			Ticuna wiʔjaé							See Language page
Canela		#NAME?											Jê form is ŋrɛ; *ŋrɛr.	See Language page
Cavineña	hero-išo-ke	hero-išo-ke		unique										See Language page
Cayuvava		itɔɲɔ; tõnõ; tɨtɨβɨ											'Music' is 'soropa.	See Language page
Central Aymara		xaylʸi-ɲa												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	my:li-		song	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok					simplex			Freedland & Broadbent 1960
Cha'palaa		'beesan-'ge-nu; 'beesa											Respectively: verbal; noun 'song'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	huvijavY		song	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	other complex			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chipaya		it-s											A special kind of singing with words is rim-š.	See Language page
Chiriguano		purae		inheritance										See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		#NAME?												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	niwiš		song	unknown							derived			Wash 2001
Chumash Ineseno	7iwonuš'		song, tune	inheritance		Proto-Central Chumash				B 7iwon 'make sound'	derived	iwo 'to sound'		Applegate 1972
Chumash Obispeno	qle		canta!	unknown							simplex			Harrington
Chumash Ventureno	missing			missing
Cocopa	suyáw		song, that which one sings	inheritance		Delta-Californian				root is -yaaw in IA??	derived	sya: 'sing'		Crawford 1989
Cofán	setta'poen'cho	sethaʔpoenʔtʃo											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	hubija7		song, hymn	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	simplex	literally, 'sounds mournful, like crying'		R
Cubeo	yʉraiano	jʉraiano		unique										See Language page
Cupeño	hawinily		song	unknown						Cupeno and Cahuilla only	derived, other complex			Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Desano	bayari	bayari	sing, dance	inheritance		Proto-East Tukanoan					Simplex	Yes		See Language page
Dhay’yi	manikay			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	howa	howa												See Language page
Djinang	manikay			inheritance
Dâw	yʉmʉ̃ʉ́r	jɨmɨ̃̌h		inheritance							Simplex			See Language page
Epena		kʰari-												See Language page
Ese Ejja		sowikʷaya-		unique										See Language page
Esselen	na me		sing!	unknown						Arroyo; Henshaw ma-wi'-pa 'to sing', man-wi sing!	simplex			Kroeber 1902
Eñepa	ware	ware		inheritance			shared Wai Wai							See Language page
Gabrielino	ci'e:'ey (H)		song	inheritance	*ca	Takic				Stubbs 2011 1987 I don't like set, only Gab and Serran, might be a loan, correspondences not pretty	derived, other complex			Hill Harrington notes
Gajirrabeng	wangkang			loan			Murrinh Patha
Gooniyandi	tyunpa			loan direction unknown				WW	%tyunpa
Gurindji	tyunpa			loan direction unknown				WW	%tyunpa
Hodï	lo'balei'te		to sing	unique										See Language page
Huambisa	eresemau, kantamrutai, anen (trad. love song)	eresemau, kantamrutai, anen (trad. love song)												See Language page
Hup	yamhidɔʔ	jamhidɔʔ		inheritance							Phrase	music FACTITIVE-tell/count?		See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?												See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	7echaayaaw		song	inheritance		Delta-Californian					derived			Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Ingá	takii (traditional/festival)	takii (traditional/festival)												See Language page
Iquito	arihuáani	ariwáani		unique										See Language page
Itonama		yakane; ča-yakane											Latter means to sing for another.	See Language page
Jaru	tyunba			loan direction unknown
Jingulu	kutyika			loan direction unknown				WW	%kutyika
Kabiyari	pua 'sing'	pua 'sing'												See Language page
Kaingang	tə̃ɲ; tɨ̃ɲ; tɨ̃ŋtɨ̃ɲ; yãr (vb., IDS)	tə̃ɲ; tɨ̃ɲ; tɨ̃ŋtɨ̃ɲ; yãr												See Language page
Kakataibo		tupu-ti											ša'ku-ti 'sing for the dance before a fight'.	See Language page
Karajarri	waŋka			semantic shift									‘say’
Karajá		awinɨ											'Song' is wii.	See Language page
Kariña	eremi	eremi	song				Yamada 2010:732
Karitiana	hỹrỹnh (vb.)	hɨ̃rɨ̃ñ (vb.)		unknown										See Language page
Katukina		ṣ̌irĩ i; sai i-												See Language page
Kawaiisu	huvija-vi		song	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	other complex			Zigmund et al. 1990
Kija	tyunpa			loan			Ngarinyin
Kiliwa	missing			missing
Kitanemuk	cačuič		song	inheritance	*ca	Takic				Stubbs 2011 1987 I don't like set, only Gab and Serran, might be a loan, correspondences not pretty	derived, other complex			Anderton 1988
Kokama	ikara (ritual song)	ikara (ritual song)		unknown										See Language page
Koreguaje	uja	uxa		inheritance										See Language page
Kotiria	basaa	basaa	song, dance	inheritance		Proto-East Tukanoan					Simplex			See Language page
Lake Miwok	kója		song, singing, to sing	inheritance	*kója	Proto-Western Miwok				Callaghan 1970:39	simplex			Callaghan 1965
Lengua		#NAME?												See Language page
Lokono	jeni (-hi)	jeni(-ji)	song											Pet 1987:372
Luiseño	heelaxish		song	unique							derived, other complex			Elliott 1999
Maca		#NAME?												See Language page
Macaguan	najuép	najuép	to sing	unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Maidu	sôl		sing, song	inheritance	*sól	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:366	simplex			Shipley 1963
Maihiki	uja dai ja	uxa dai xã		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan				Also found Cubeo				See Language page
Makiritare	ay'chudi (KH)	ʔajʔtʃudi		unique										See Language page
Makuna	basa	basa		inheritance										See Language page
Mangala	tyapi			loan direction unknown				WW	%tyapi
Mapudungun		ɨlkan-tu											Ranquel form is ɨlkantɨ-.	See Language page
Matses	cuëdën	kuɨdɨn		unknown										See Language page
Miriwung	yerinting			loan direction unknown				WW	%yarinti	song type; sorcery song in some other lgs. Cf. Anmaty. Arreny 'song'
Mocoví		y-oʔwen												See Language page
Mojave	suuvaar		song	unknown							derived	isvar 'to sing'		Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		hi'maki												See Language page
Movima	lehuansini	lexuansini												See Language page
Mudburra	wangka			loan			Murrinh Patha
Muinane	másijɨ (W97)	másixɨ												See Language page
Muisca	ty-scua (vb.)	tɨ-skua (vb.)												See Language page
Murui Witoto	rua	rua (B83)		unique										See Language page
Mutsun	sa:w		song	inheritance	*şa(:)w	Proto-Costanoan				Callaghan 1997:53; suwene Mason 1916:437	simplex	sa:we to sing 215		Okrand 1977
Napo Lowland Quichua	cantana (Sp), taquina 'shamanic song'	kantana (Sp), takina 'shamanic song'												See Language page
Ngarluma	kunaŋu			doubtful inheritance
Ngumbarl	<nooloo>			inheritance
Nheengatu	nheenga (sing, v.; C11; nheenga=language/speech)	ñeengari (sing, v.; ñeenga=language/speech)		unknown							Other complex	sing, v.; ñeenga=language/speech		See Language page
Ninam	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam					Simplex			See Language page
Nisenan	sol		sing	inheritance	*sól	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:366	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		-iši; -tˀeyšey; tišxan											Respectively: humans; birds; intrans.verb.	See Language page
Northern Emberá	trɨ̃ã- (vb.) (IDS)	trɨ̃ã- (vb.) (IDS)												See Language page
Northern Paiute	hoobea		to sing	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	simplex			Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	my:li-		song	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok					simplex	myl:i- to sing		Callaghan 1987
Nyangumarta	tyulurr			unique
Nyikina	nulu			loan direction unknown			areal						probably loan into Nyulnyulan
Nyulnyul	jerrm; nurl			inheritance
Ocaina	ñomunhxa ádsa	ɲomũʔxa ádsa		unique										See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		pura'hei												See Language page
Paresi	imamaka	imamaka		loan, direction unknown			Moseten hi'maki							See Language page
Pemon	eremuk (A1981);	eremuk (A1981)		inheritance		Akawaio-Pemon								See Language page
Piapoco	pùicái ('forefathers' song')	pùikái ('forefathers' song')												See Language page
Piaroa	ra'úh	raɁúh		unique										See Language page
Pilagá		apkaikmaski [loan Mascoyan]												See Language page
Plains Miwok	hë:tik, hy:tik		song	inheritance		Proto-Eastern Miwok				see Miss 7ytte	other complex	hëtki 'to sing'; non-concatenative derivation		Callaghan 1984
Puinave	-au (vb.)	-au (vb.)		unique										See Language page
Páez	mem- (vb.)	mem- (vb.)												See Language page
Qawasqar		yeḳtal											Bo, Li record lektal for Central QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	takiy 'sing' (CP94)	takij 'sing'												See Language page
Rembarrnga	puŋkul			loan direction unknown			areal	WW	%pungkurl
Resígaro	hada?phoótsihú	hadaʔpʰoó-tsi-hú		unique							Derived	hadaʔpʰoó = sing, -tsi = nominalizer, -hú is either a classifier or singular marker		See Language page
Salinan A	T-eká:kel		song	unknown		Proto-Salinan					other complex			Turner 1987
Salinan M	ka:/keL		song	unknown		Proto-Salinan					simplex			Mason 1918
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		neŋmenaekmaskama											Also neŋaapenyawaam; nempaʔaywaam.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		βɨwa; βɨwa-ti												See Language page
Sanumá	ama	ama		inheritance										See Language page
Selknam		yewi												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	icóos		song	unknown							simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	čāç		song	inheritance	*cha-ch	Takic				Hill/Miller tsa-17	other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Shipibo-Konibo		ɨraseɨ												See Language page
Sikuani	wahi	wahi		unknown							Simplex			See Language page
Sirionó	sac̷o-	sačo-		unknown										See Language page
Southern Paiute	uvia-vI		song	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	other complex			Sapir
Southern Sierra Miwok	7yy:te-		song	inheritance		Proto-Eastern Miwok				also 7ymt-7aX-	simplex	7ymt- 'to sing' st. 1		Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	7uvwiyavY		song	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	other complex			Givon
Sáliva	coja	koha		unique										See Language page
Tanimuca	ba'dya	ba'dja		inheritance										See Language page
Tehuelche		k 'wor-; k 'maʔy-											The latter is to sing a sacred song of another person or other family, a thing which is prohibited. A 'song' is 'ḳˀēws.	See Language page
Tikuna	vi-iaé (Alv44)	wiʔjaé		doubtful loan			Candoshi wajaasi							See Language page
Tiriyó	eremi	eremi		inheritance										See Language page
Toba		#NAME?											Also means 'read'.	See Language page
Trinitario		(ha) ual												See Language page
Trumai	faŋu	faŋu		unique										See Language page
Tukano	basâmo (HR 97)	basâmo (HR 97)		inheritance		Proto-East Tukanoan					Derived	bâsa, “to sing”		See Language page
Tübatulabal	āyānil		song, singing	inheritance	*aya	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1492	derived, other complex			K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	hupiapin		song	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	other complex			Dayley 1989
Urarina	ne-nate 'sing'	ne-nate 'sing'		unique										See Language page
Wai Wai	waano	waano		inheritance			shared Eñepa							See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	maryba 'song, party'	marɨba 'song, party'												See Language page
Walmajarri	tyutyu			inheritance				WW	%tyutyu
Waorani	ãbotabĩdi ã 'sing' (IDS)			missing										See Language page
Wappo	7oč'íkukh		song, sweathouse song	unknown							copound			Sawyer 1965
Wardaman	pantimi			loan direction unknown				WW	%pantimi	women's songs
Wari	tamaraʔ (Sousa2009)	tamaraʔ (Sousa2009)												See Language page
Warrwa	nulu			inheritance
Washo	díšim		song	unknown							derived	šéšm 'to sing'		Washo Project Dictionary
Waurá	a'pa-i (R73)	a'pa-i (R73)		unknown										See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?		unknown										See Language page
Wayana	elemi	elemi		inheritance										See Language page
Wayuu		eir̃ɨha												See Language page
Western Mono	hubIja		song, music	inheritance	*hupiya	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1985	simplex			Loether & Bethel 1993
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		tˀičui-'ɬi												See Language page
Wintu	č'a:wi		song	unknown							derived	c'a:w 'to sing'		Schlichter 1981
Yagua	cusivyã (set of ritual songs); no generic term?	kusiwjã (set of ritual songs); no generic term?		unique										See Language page
Yaminahua		gõã												See Language page
Yan-nhangu	manikay			inheritance
Yanomami	amoa (M72)	amoa (M72)	song (not necessarily ritual)	inheritance		Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam					Simplex			See Language page
Yavapai	missing			missing
Yawuru	jirrmu			inheritance
Yine		šikaľe-ta											Song' is šikaľɨ. Piro-Apuriná form is sikarV-ta.	See Language page
Yir-Yoront	woy		song, song-cycle; dance; ceremony	inheritance	*wu:ci	Local				Only to YY, TMel, KThaayorre; poss. to Pakanh wu:ci 'taboo'
Yokuts Palewyami	7ytykh	barred i	to sing	inheritance		Proto-Yokutsan				Probably Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:27; Gamble 1991	derived			Gamble 1991
Yokuts Yawdanchi	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawelmani	7ilik-		a song (noun theme)	inheritance	*7ilik	Proto-Nim-Yokuts				Probably Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:27; note Yawdanchi 7üdük 'sing' Kroeber 1907:218; merriam 44:199 wĕ-pil 'a song'	simplex			Newman 1944
Yuki	hą:p		song	inheritance	*hëmp	Proto-North Yukian					simplex			Schlichter 1985
Yukpa	yomaikö	jomaikɔ												See Language page
Yukuna	ataníkaje	ataníkahe		unique						Alternate: káwijala, lumaʔala, peʔiyoɾola, jáleji, meɾaʔaɲala, aʔahitakahe	Derived	atan appears to be root for “sing”, -kaje some kind of nominalizer?		See Language page
Yulparija	rturlku			inheritance
Záparo	uranu ('sing')	uranu ('sing')												See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Barí
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Burarra
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhay’yi
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jingulu
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rembarrnga
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wappo
Wardaman
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yawuru
Yine
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yulparija
Záparo

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