Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

afterworld, land of dead, Heaven

Semantic Field: culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: tierra do los muertos
Meaning Portuguese: terra dos mortos

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	munínetaa	munínetaa										See Language page
Aché		Apã waču čupape										See Language page
Araona		baepa										See Language page
Ayoreo		gaa'tee-i; gaa'tee-odeʔ									Respectively: 12.080, 01.510, 12.470; plural form. Also gaa'tan̥o-keei; and 'gee-ode 'ueečaai, means 'the other side of the clouds'.	See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	missing			missing
Bardi	luman			unique
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	missing			missing
Cahuilla	telmekiš		place where dead people live, hell	inheritance	*tyL-mukki	Cupan		Stubbs 2113	other complex	derivation is only accessible etymologically		Seiler & Hioki 1979:207
Cavineña	bare-pa (G71)	bare-pa (G71)										See Language page
Central Aymara		alaχpača										See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	missing			missing
Cha'palaa		['selu]									From Span. 'cielo', also means 'sky'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	missing			missing
Chipaya		araxpača										See Language page
Chiriguano		ara										See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		poleʔ									Also means 'sky' 01.510.	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	hemišup		floor, hell	unknown					compound	shup 'world'		Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno	missing			missing
Chumash Obispeno	timisputspu		infierno (lit. abajo de la tierra)						compound			Harrington
Chumash Ventureno	missing			missing
Chácobo	nai-pa (listed under "heaven")	nai-pa (listed under "heaven")										See Language page
Cocopa	màTkWşapú		the land of the dead	unique					compound	maT 'land', şapú ;one who is dead, deceased relative'		Crawford 1989
Comanche	missing			missing
Cubeo	apetucubʉ	apɛtukubʉ		unknown					Other complex	ape 'other' + Classifier -tukubɨ		See Language page
Cupeño	telmekish		land of the spirits, underworld, "Hell"	inheritance	*tyL-mukki	Cupan		Stubbs 2113	other complex			Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Dhangu	burralku			doubtful inheritance
Dhuwal	dhawal			missing
Djapu	dhawal			missing
Dâw	kasam nĩ rôót	kaʃam nĩ hǒt		missing								See Language page
Epena		a'kʰõre 'euhã; ɨ'tʰari									Respectively: lit. 'father's land'; 'up.high'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		eya										See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	eya	eya										See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	arewae	arewae		unknown								See Language page
Gabrielino	to-koop-nah-ar'-ro	$i:$ovet infierno H 520	final abode, place above	unique				this is from sky word	other complex
Gumatj	burralku			doubtful inheritance
Gupapuyngu	dhawal			missing
Iipay 'Aa	missing			missing
Kaingang		kaɲkã										See Language page
Karajarri	ŋu:rra			semantic shift
Kariña	kapu	kapu	heaven				Yamada 2010:747
Katukina		nai šaβa									Lit. 'sky world/place' 01.510; 01.100.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	missing			missing
Kiliwa	t-kw+hiiy-p=ny+mat		hell (lit. devil land)	unknown					compound			Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	tüypea	ü is barred I, y is [j]	land of the dead, hell	unknown				Serran only	simplex			Anderton 1988
Lake Miwok	wejáawali		hell, lower world	unique				again, we have wali here, what is? Also Pmiw *weja 'world'	phrase	wéja- 'base, bottom, lower'		Callaghan 1965
Lengua		netin									Also means 'sky' 01.510; 'up' 12.080.	See Language page
Luiseño	tolmul		hell', underworld	inheritance	*tyL-mukki	Cupan		Stubbs 2113	other complex			Elliott 1999
Maidu	missing			missing
Makushi	kaʔ	kaʔ	heaven	unknown								See Language page
Mangala	ŋūrra			semantic shift
Mapudungun		wenu mapu									Ranquel form is wenu.	See Language page
Mocoví		pigim										See Language page
Mojave	7Amat Chamem Kachumpap		The Fourth Dimension, Heaven	unique					phrase			Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		ma'yedʸeʔ ~ maye'dʸeʔ									Also means 'sky' 01.510.	See Language page
Movima	ɓen̉-ra (also 'sky')											See Language page
Mutsun	hurčaşYmin-tak		hell-to	unknown					derived, phrase			Okrand 1977
Ninam	yãn-paluk (heaven)	yãn-paluk (heaven)		missing								See Language page
Nisenan	missing			missing
Nivaclé		wɔʔs										See Language page
Northern Paiute	missing			missing
Northern Sierra Miwok	kuci7:aci7 wal:i7		the Good Place, heaven	unique				is the wal:i7 related to the SSM 'hell' word???	phrase			Callaghan 1987
Pacahuara		piyem									Same as 'sky' 01.510.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ɨ'vaɣa									Also means 'sky' 01.510.	See Language page
Pilagá		Inyapoŋ nitiŋ apnakha										See Language page
Plains Miwok	missing			missing
Pumé	ãde 'heaven'											See Language page
Ritharrngu	dhawal			missing
Salinan A	Tuxtine		hells	unknown		Proto-Salinan		only plural given	other complex	T- is prefix		Mason 1918
Salinan M	Tuxtine		hells	unknown		Proto-Salinan		only plural given	other complex			Mason 1918
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		[Tyos] apkaokɬaʔ										See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		nai										See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	hant quih quicópol		infierno, hell (lit. dark land)	unknown					phrase	hant earth/land		Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	to-e'-pe-at	tyīpiat	final abode, 'all get there'	inheritance	*tywi-	Takic		Stubbs 1799 with -piat, what's that	other complex			K. Hill Dict., Merriam confirms
Sirionó	boepa (also 'sky')	boepa (also 'sky')										See Language page
Southern Paiute	missing			missing
Southern Sierra Miwok	wale:ti-tHo-		hell	unknown				see wali in other lgs; probably Pmi *wal:i- 'world'	other complex	nt		Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	na7ay-ty-paa-ty		Hell, 'through fire'	unique				surely new, based on Christian hell	derived, other complex			Givon
Tacana		pigem									Also means 'sky' 01.510.	See Language page
Toba		anumo										See Language page
Trumai	ahātea	ahātea										See Language page
Tübatulabal	Āpōnōlīmak		Land of the Dead	unique					other complex			K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	missing			missing
Wappo	missing			missing
Washo	dewYúli 7itnáwaya		in ghost country, the land of the dead	unknown				dewyúli 7itdé7 dead people's country	phrase			Washo Project Dictionary
Wayampi	nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside')	nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside')										See Language page
Western Mono	missing			missing
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		pe'leʔ									Also means 'sky' 01.510.	See Language page
Wintu	nor-Lu:t-to:nin		in heaven, "that south sweathouse"	unknown					compound	south-sweathouse		Pitkin 1985
Yagua	dijyo	dixjo										See Language page
Yaminahua		ãde										See Language page
Yan-nhangu	Badu			unique
Yavapai	myā:khtî:la		heaven, sky	unknown					compound			Shaterian 1983
Yir-Yoront	yuw+kuw		'far to the west', only in pam-yuw+kuw yaw '(persons who have) gone far to the west'	unknown
Yokuts Palewyami	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tibiknitc		world of the dead	unknown					derived			Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Yawelmani	missing			missing
Yuki	missing			missing


Achagua
Aché
Araona
Ayoreo
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Djapu
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Iipay 'Aa
Kaingang
Karajarri
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Luiseño
Maidu
Makushi
Mangala
Mapudungun
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mutsun
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Pumé
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tacana
Toba
Trumai
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Wappo
Washo
Wayampi
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yavapai
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki

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