Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

canoe

Semantic Field
transport
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
canoa
Meaning Portuguese
canoa

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla missing missing
Cupeño missing missing
Luiseño pawxit yellow pine, dugout canoe semantic shift *woNko Uto-Aztecan pine tree plus pa-, either water or big, this is actually sewn plank canoe, not dugout, but given word must have been dugout at some point other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino ti7aat sewn-plank canoe inheritance Meroz 2011 has Gab-Cup ti7aa- 'to stack', seems good; should be added to Stubbs 2011:1745a other complex
Serrano missing missing
Kitanemuk kwiakt boat (gen.) unique other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal missing missing
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu missing missing
Chemehuevi missing missing
Southern Paiute missing missing
Southern Ute missing missing
Tümpisa Shoshone missing missing
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Comanche sahKi canoe inheritance *saCki Numic See N. Paiute 'tule boat, raft' simplex Robinson & Armagost 1990
Western Mono missing missing
Northern Paiute saki boat inheritance *saCki Numic see Comanche Liljeblad et al. 2012:429
Southern Sierra Miwok missing missing
Central Sierra Miwok missing missing
Northern Sierra Miwok missing missing
Plains Miwok kano:wa- trough, canoe loan Spanish simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok missing missing
Maidu yah-gah' jak'á 'bridge' dugout canoe unique simplex Merriam 41:277
Nisenan missing missing
Yokuts Yawelmani missing missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo t'á7nïp canoe loan Miwokan WW %nuh derived t- nominalizer Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu kenu: canoe, boat loan English WW canoe simplex Schlichter 1981
Yuki utatumol boat unknown could this possibly be a blend of uta plus Chumash tomol, maybe by way of Spanish???? Or the source of tomol?? compound Elmendorf 1993
Wappo khéye boat unknown simplex Elmendorf 1993
Mutsun ko-no'-nah log dugout unknown simplex Merriam 39:101
Esselen ualkošex dugout canoe unknown Pinart other complex ncs -shax Heizer 1952
Salinan A missing missing
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno tomololo (check Jones & Klar) inheritance
Chumash Ineseno tomol sewn-plank canoe inheritance *tomolo Proto-Central Chumash Klar 1977:76 simplex Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno tom'ol sewn-plank canoe inheritance *tomolo Proto-Central Chumash simplex Klar 1977
Chumash Ventureno tomol canoe inheritance Proto-Central Chumash simplex Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa missing missing
Cocopa knYxu basket, canoe (probably not dugout, I don't know style of boats) unknown derived Crawford 1989
Mojave kulho boat, wooden box inheritance Proto-Yuman Yavapai khlo/ 'boat' of course possibly a loan; Langdon 1979 says metathesis with /h/ is common in Yuman. I think it's good because of Kiliwa kul7suuw 'large water jar, bottle' derived Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai khló boat, canoe inheritance Proto-Yuman see discussion with Mojave derived Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) canóaa boat loan Spanish WW %canoa simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Kakua hãʔ-ʧû hãʔ-ʧû [lie.flat.on.water/to.cover-cl.cover/skin] unique Compare Puinave haʔ Derived lie.flat.on.water-cl.cover/skin See Language page
Nheengatu igara (canoe); uba (C11) igara (canoe); uba (C11) inheritance *ɨar Proto-Tupi-Guarani Alternate: uba Simplex See Language page
Waorani wi-po unique See Language page
Hodï maluhke / bo unique Also: bo; compare Warekena muɺupewe See Language page
Yanomami kanawa kanawa loan - WW Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam? %kanawa WW %kanawa Could be loan into protolanguage. WW occurs in e.g. Wapishana, khanawa; various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate Simplex See Language page
Yanomam kanawa kanawa loan - WW Proto-Yanomami/Yanomam? %kanawa WW %kanawa Could be loan into protolanguage. WW occurs in e.g. Wapishana, khanawa; various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate Simplex See Language page
Ninam kanawe kanawe loan - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa Could be loan into protolanguage. WW occurs in e.g. Wapishana, khanawa; various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate Simplex See Language page
Kotiria bʉso bʉso unique Simplex See Language page
Cubeo ejecuicũ, jiaðocũ ɛhɛkuikũ, hiaðo-kũ unique Chacon states that hiaðo is a tree sp. Also: ɛhɛkuikũ Derived Classifier -kũ See Language page
Tukano yukɨ̂sɨ jukɨ-̂sɨ inheritance? sem shift? Derived from 'tree', but similar forms in Piratapuyo and Tuyuca - calquing, inheritance, or parallel innovation? Derived jukɨ, “wood” See Language page
Desano gasiru gasiru unique may be related to 'bark' (tree) Simplex See Language page
Maihiki you ja jou xã inheritance Proto-West Tukanoan Simplex agɨ/ago M/F animate CL See Language page
Hup hɔh=těg hɔh=těg inheritance Proto-Nadahup Compare Puinave ha:ʔ Derived smoke-log See Language page
Dâw xoò xɔ̂ inheritance Proto-Nadahup Compare Puinave ha:ʔ Simplex See Language page
Sikuani jera (2) héra doubtful loan (into protolg?) Arawak: Achagua húnaa compare Cuiva héra See Language page
Macaguan kaná kaná loan - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa Simplex See Language page
Guayabero kanáw kanáw loan - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa ############################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################### Simplex See Language page
Pemon kanau (E1980) kanaʊ (E1980) doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa WW occurs in e.g. Wapishana, khanawa; various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate source sometimes claimed to be Car See Language page
Akawaio kanau kanaʊ doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa WW occurs in e.g. Wapishana, khanawa; various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate source sometimes claimed to be Car See Language page
Makushi kanáwa kanáwa doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa WW occurs in e.g. Wapishana, khanawa; various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate source sometimes claimed to be Car See Language page
Eñepa kanawa, iyekasa' kanawa, iyekasa' doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW; unknown %kanawa See Language page
Yukuna jita hita inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex See Language page
Tariana íta, itá-whya íta, itá-whya inheritance Proto North Arawak Alternate: íta Simplex See Language page
Wapishana kʰanawa kʰanawa loan - WW %kanawa WW %kanawa WW occurs in various Carib (kanau, kanawa, kanowa, kanáw); Guayabero, kanáw; Candoshi, kánó; Jivaro, kán; Matses, cano; Napo Lowland Quichua, kanu; Siriano, cũma; Yanomam (kanaw, kanae). Ultimate source sometimes claimed to be Carib, but Taylor 1957 argue Simplex See Language page
Baniwa íita íita inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex See Language page
Resígaro hiítú hiítú inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex See Language page
Nimanburru barawar doubtful loan Worrorran
Ritharrngu barrawu loan Makassar
Djinang barrawu' loan Makassar
Dhay’yi dhamam unique
Yan-nhangu dyirparri unique
Gumatj gapala(') unique
Nyikina kalpaya inheritance
Ngumbarl <kalwa> semantic shift
Yawuru karrwa unique
Warrwa kulbia inheritance
Mangala manytyarta loan direction unknown Kurrama with semantic shift? Also used for coolamon for carrying water
Ngarluma maŋarr unique
Gupapuyngu mityiyaŋ loan Makassar is this a loan from Makassar too?
Dhuwal mityiyaŋ loan Makassar
Burarra mityiyaŋ loan Makassar
Dhangu ṉaku(') inheritance
Nyulnyul yanjelbarra loan Bardi WW %yandilybara
Bardi yantilypara loan Worrorran WW %yandilybara
Karajarri yantyilyparra loan Nyulnyulan WW %yandilybara cf yandilybar cf yandilybar
Walmajarri paranu unknown not in dict not in dict
Mudburra kartiyi inheritance large coolamon; kuntu 'log boat' -single log, not dugout large coolamon; kuntu 'log boat' -single log, not dugout
Gurindji kartiyi inheritance lalso large coolamon; Warlpiri kartiji lalso large coolamon; Warlpiri kartiji
Gooniyandi kalwaya loan Nyikina
Bunuba kalwaya loan Nyikina WW %kalpiya double log raft double log raft
Djapu lipalipa inheritance
Miriwung malampeng unknown log for swimming, boat
Wardaman korlun semantic shift <coolamon
Achagua í:da, húnaa í:da, húnaa inheritance See Language page
Piapoco ída ída See Language page
Kabiyari híita híita See Language page
Yavitero ku'aľ̥a ku'aľ̥a See Language page
Bare isa isa See Language page
Mandawaka í:ta í:ta See Language page
Wayuu anuwa Used for all water vessels. Related to Span. 'canoa', from Taino, also of the Arawakan family. See Language page
Paresi kanowa kanowa loan - WW %kanawa See Language page
Ignaciano ičape pakure See Language page
Baure ya'šoṛ̌; pkore ja'ʃoṛ̌; pkore unknown See Language page
Waurá ic̷a i¢a inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa ['baaku] From Span. 'barco'. See Language page
Bora mɨɨ́ne mɨɨ́nɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane mééne-ga {canoe-long} mέέne-ga {canoe-long} See Language page
Apalai kanawa, naxikahpyry kanawa, naxikahpɨrɨ doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa See Language page
Wayana kanawa kanawa doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa See Language page
Carijona kanawa doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa See Language page
Tiriyó kanawa kanawa doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa See Language page
Makiritare [kanowa] (IDS) (From 'canoa' (canoe). Also kudiyāda) kanowa doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa See Language page
Mapoyo kuryara kuryara See Language page
Wai Wai kanawa kanawa doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW %kanawa See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kanuwa kanuwa See Language page
Yabarana ku'jara See Language page
Yukpa kanova kanova See Language page
Northern Emberá hãmbá hãmbá See Language page
Cuiva héra (CM72) See Language page
Cofán shago ʃaɣo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kánó kánó loan - WW %kanawa See Language page
Taushiro tenente tɨnɨntɨ See Language page
Páez [kanu'e] [kanu'e] See Language page
Tikuna nawexũ naweʔɨ̃ unique See Language page
Urarina enanihja enanihja unique See Language page
Andoke púkə̃ púkə̃ unique See Language page
Pumé čara See Language page
Puinave ha-pidik ha-pidik unique See Language page
Máku kudyálu See Language page
Warao wahibaka wahibaka See Language page
Ashuar kánu kanu See Language page
Huambisa kanu kanu See Language page
Aguaruna kánu kánu loan - WW %kanawa See Language page
Nukak tɨnaʔaa; ha (Cab et al) unique See Language page
Yuhup hɔ̂h See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ho̰ːh inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ho̰ːh See Language page
Matses cano kano loan - WW %kanawa See Language page
Katukina nõ-ti Cf. 'float' 10.340. See Language page
Yaminahua [moti] See Language page
Chácobo noti; kora noti noti; kora noti inheritance See Language page
Yagua caritye karitje unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua canwa kanwa See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua canua kanua See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wamp'u (CP94) wamp'u See Language page
Piaroa wOik'a' wɤikɁaɁ unknown See Language page
Sáliva wechuju weʧuhu unknown See Language page
Bará kũ'bũã See Language page
Barasano kūbu; kũbũ-ã (H&R) kūbu; kũbũ-ã (H&R) See Language page
Carapana wai puarique; 'kũbũ-ã (H&R) wai puaɾikɛ; 'kũbũ-ã (H&R) See Language page
Makuna cũma kũma loan - WW %kumu See Language page
Yuruti kũũbũ-ã kũũbũ-ã See Language page
Waikhana ju'kɨsa ju'kɨsa See Language page
Siriano cũmá kũmá See Language page
Tanimuca kũ'bũã kũ'bũã loan - WW %kumu See Language page
Tatuyo kũ'bũ-'ã kũ'bũ-'ã See Language page
Tuyuka yuku'soro juku'soro See Language page
Waimaja kʰúmṹã́ kʰúmṹã́ See Language page
Koreguaje choovʉ dʒoobʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona yo, yogu jo, jogu inheritance See Language page
Secoya yohuë yɔwɨ See Language page
Karitiana gojo gojo unknown See Language page
Kokama ɨara ɨaɾa inheritance See Language page
Wayampi ɨa (G89) ɨa (G89) inheritance See Language page
Aché wɨra kara inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨɣa See Language page
Sirionó kanõã (P85) kanõã loan - WW %kanawa See Language page
Kamayurá ɨat ɨat inheritance See Language page
Ocaina hõɸã́ã́ʔï hõɸã́ã́ʔɯ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto nókae nókaɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto nokáe nokáɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto noka.e noka.ɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Sanumá kutiata kutiata unknown maybe %kanawa See Language page
Iquito iímina iímina unknown See Language page
Záparo kanawa kanawa See Language page
Wari manorohowa (Sousa2009) manorohowa (Sousa2009) See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo bi'še bi'še See Language page
Cavineña kʷaba kʷaba inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara wampu; yampu See Language page
Cayuvava [lãča] From Span. 'lancha'. See Language page
Kwazá kanwã kanwã See Language page
Movima huβe xuβe See Language page
Trumai si si unique See Language page
Kaingang kãkènh, kãnva kãkɛɲ; kãnwa See Language page
Suyá ywĩ-ŋɔ jwĩ-ŋɔ See Language page
Djeoromitxi kuäkä kuǝkǝ See Language page
Chipaya warku See Language page
Mocoví ḳom l-ahiʔ waʁayaḳ-se Lit. 'people 3p possessor-container water-obj (fem)'. See Language page
Pilagá li-likot-a Lit. '3pp-row-fem. thing'. See Language page
Toba l-lʸikot-a; n-pedaʁanaʁa The latter is a dugout, made from the bottle tree. See Language page
Lengua yant-ak-paihe See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité yantakmomiyok See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet [warko] See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay [c̷ala'na] From Span. 'chalana'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja akoye (f.) See Language page
Maca tokoyey (m.) A motorboat. See Language page
Nivaclé #NAME? See Language page
Ayoreo kuu'koi See Language page
Mapudungun [fote] From Span. 'bote'. Ranquel form is [vote]. See Language page
Qawasqar yemase Cf. 'white man' yema; and 'go' as 10.470. See Language page
Tehuelche 'yeney See Language page
Lokono jolhadoa-koana(-ha) joɽadoa-koana(-ha) canoe Pet 1987:352
Kariña kurijara kurijara canoe Yamada 2010:755