Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

termites, white-ants

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: comején (Peru), termitas
Meaning Portuguese: cupim

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	order Isoptera	kamaɽa (rw)	kamaɽa (rw), kamaʒa (H&R)		inheritance											See Language page
Aguaruna	order Isoptera	kábau	kábau		inheritance											See Language page
Akawaio	order Isoptera	kuungwaik	kuŋwaɪk		unique											See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Andoke	order Isoptera	tǝ̃(ü̃)ih (RW52)			unique											See Language page
Apalai	order Isoptera	nuko	nuko		inheritance											See Language page
Ashuar	order Isoptera	kámau	kamau													See Language page
Baniwa	order Isoptera	kamára, máaro	kamáɻa, máaɻo		inheritance		North Arawak		Also máaɻo			uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Barasano	order Isoptera	butúá-bɨ̃́	butúá-bɨ̃́													See Language page
Bardi	(many species)	jaambany	jaambany		unique							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Bará	order Isoptera		bu'tua-bɨ̃													See Language page
Bora	order Isoptera	tʰákʰíʔkʰi-pa, máʔarḯmïḯ-pe, mooá-pa	tʰákʰíʔkʰi-pa, máʔarɯ́mɯɯ́-pe, mooá-pa		unknown; inheritance											See Language page
Bunuba	(many species)	lamburra	lamburra		unique							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Burarra	(many species)	an-gurroḻpa	an-gurroḻpa		unique												0	0	0				0	0	no
Candoshi-Shapra	order Isoptera	toga	tonka		unique											See Language page
Carapana	order Isoptera	bútúá-bɨ̃	bútúá-bɨ̃													See Language page
Carijona	order Isoptera		‘nuukɯ (H&R)		inheritance											See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Cofán	order Isoptera	ovepa´cho, tsuttavu´vu (flying termite)	oβɛpaʔtʃo													See Language page										phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Cubeo	order Isoptera	bocomicʉ (generic term), abujucʉñʉabo, adamabocomicʉ, cũavicʉ, jobocururebocomicʉ, jupibocomicʉ, jʉbʉcabocomicʉ, mamʉbocomicʉ, miebocomicʉ, vaibocomicʉ, yavibocomicʉ. vʉ́yocʉ (comején alado, generic term), adamabocomivʉyocʉ (comején alado), cũavivʉyocʉ	bokomikʉ (generic term), abuhucʉñʉabo, adamabokomikʉ, kũavikʉ, hobokululebokomikʉ, hupibokomikʉ, hʉbʉkabokomikʉ, mamʉbokomikʉ, miɛbokomikʉ, vaibokomikʉ, javibokomikʉ. vʉ́jokʉ (comején alado, generic term), adamabokomivʉjokʉ (comején alado), kũavivʉjokʉ		inheritance		East Tukanoan		Cognate Makuna. Also abuɣucʉñʉabɔ, adamabɔkɔmikʉ, kũavikʉ, ɣɔbɔkululebɔkɔmikʉ, ɣupibɔkɔmikʉ, ɣʉbʉkabɔkɔmikʉ, mamʉbɔkɔmikʉ, miɛbɔkɔmikʉ, vaibɔkɔmikʉ, javibɔkɔmikʉ. vʉ́jɔkʉ (comején alado, generic term), adamabɔkɔmivʉjɔkʉ (comején alado), kũavivʉjɔkʉ (comej			uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Cuiva	order Isoptera		ópʰo-to													See Language page
Desano	order Isoptera	búrua	búrua		inheritance		East Tukanoan					uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Dhangu	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Dhay’yi	(many species)	missing			missing												0	0	0				0	0	no
Dhuwal	(many species)	munyukuluŋu	munyukuluŋu		unique												0	0	0				0	0	no
Djeoromitxi	order Isoptera	txerere	tʃerere													See Language page
Djinang	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Dâw	order Isoptera	bu’ õòw	buʔ ʔɔ̃̂w		doubtful loan into protolanguage		Hup-Yuhup-Daw	East Tukanoan	e.g. Tukano butu			underived				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Eñepa	order Isoptera	monokoin (MM)	monokoin (MM)		inheritance											See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Gooniyandi	(many species)	gooradooroodoo	gooradooroodoo		unique							reduplicated					0	0	0				0	0	no
Guayabero	order Isoptera	ʔóɸ-t	ʔóɸ-t		inheritance							uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Gumatj	(many species)	gunaŋa(')	gunaŋa(')		inheritance							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Gupapuyngu	(many species)	gunaŋa(')	ganagana		inheritance							simplex					0	0	0				0	0	no
Gurindji	(many species)	munkut	munkut		loan into protolanguage	munkurr	Ngumpin-Yapa	Jaminjung	?	WW	%mungku	underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Guugu Yimidhirr	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Huambisa	order Isoptera	kama	kama													See Language page
Hup	order Isoptera	b'úʔ	b'úʔ		doubtful loan into protolanguage		Hup-Yuhup-Daw	East Tukanoan	e.g. Tukano butu			underived				See Language page	0	1	0	gathered	women, men	eaten raw	0	0	no
Iquito	order Isoptera	ijíquija	ihíkiha		unique											See Language page
Jaru	(many species)	ŋururr	ŋururr		unknown							uncoded					0	0	0				0	0	no
Jingulu	(many species)	pilaya	pilaya		unknown							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Kabiyari	order Isoptera	kámara	kámaɾa													See Language page
Kaingang	order Isoptera	ryg	ɾɨg													See Language page
Kakua	order Isoptera	idǐp-~hěb'	pûduɁ/ idǐp-hěmɁ (bone-eat)		unique				bone-eat			compound				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Kamayurá	order Isoptera	kupiˀi	kupiˀi		inheritance											See Language page
Karajarri	(many species)	bīna	bīna		loan			Nyikina				underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Kariña	order Isoptera	korotopu	korotupu	termite sp.												Courtz 2007:301									no
Karitiana	order Isoptera	gypy	gɨpɨ		inheritance											See Language page
Kija	(many species)	jamentel	jamentel		inheritance	tyamernte	Jarragan					underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Kokama	order Isoptera	kupia	kupia		inheritance											See Language page
Koko-Bera	(many species)	missing			missing
Koreguaje	order Isoptera	chuchu	dʒudʒu		inheritance											See Language page
Kotiria	order Isoptera	butua	butua, bu'tua-iro		inheritance		East Tukanoan					uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Kuku-Thaypan	(many species)	[see 'ant']	[see 'ant']		unknown							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Kuku-Yalanji	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Kurtjar	(many species)	mpoord & bheenthik	mpoord & bheenthik		unique							underived		eeny			0	0	0				0	0	no
Kuuk Thaayorre	(many species)	paant+pirka; ruurr-	paant+pirka; ruurr-		unique							compound	paant 'head'; pirk 'long, big'				0	0	0				0	0	no
Kwazá	order Isoptera	kaihutu	kaihutu													See Language page
Lokono	order Isoptera	arará	arara	arara termite, white ant, wood ant												Fanshawe 1949:58									no
Macaguan	order Isoptera	opát	opát		inheritance							uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Maihiki	order Isoptera	yuyu aguɨ	juju agɨ, jújú		inheritance		West Tukanoan					uncoded		agɨ	agɨ = masculine animate	See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Makuna	order Isoptera	adamabocomicʉ	adamabokomikɨ, butua-bɨ̃		inheritance											See Language page
Mandawaka	order Isoptera	káma	káma													See Language page
Mangala	(many species)	pīna	pīna		loan			Nyikina				underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Mapoyo	order Isoptera	mukë	mukɛ													See Language page
Matses	order Isoptera	cuëte icbo, mechodo	kuɨte ikbo, metʃodo		unknown											See Language page
Mbabaram	(many species)	wánu	wánu		loan			unknown				underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Minica Witoto	order Isoptera	karákïŋo, ígïdakïŋo	karákɯŋo, ígɯdakɯŋo													See Language page
Miriwung	(many species)	malureng	malureng		unknown							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Muinane	order Isoptera	mɨ́ǰɨ́gíyɨ, máʔarɨ, táabano	mɨ́dʒɨ́gíyɨ, máʔarɨ, táabano													See Language page
Murui Witoto	order Isoptera	karakïño, igïdïkïño	karakɯɲo, igɯdɯkɯɲo		unique											See Language page
Máku	order Isoptera	kelü														See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect	order Isoptera		kamaʔɾa		loan			Arawak								See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	order Isoptera	cumishin	kumiʃin													See Language page
Ngandi	(many species)	murugulu7	murpungula		inheritance							simplex					0	0	0				0	0	no
Ngarinyin	(many species)	dudut (jirri)	dudut (jirri)		unknown		proto-Worrorran	Yawuru?				uncoded	(jirri, M classifier)				0	0	0				0	0	no
Ngarluma	(many species)		manthu		inheritance												0	0	0				0	0
Ngumbarl	(many species)	nyeelgooroo	nyeelgooroo		unique							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Nheengatu	order Isoptera	kupĩ ' ĩ, maniwara (mani=manioc, wara=eater)	kupĩ ' ĩ, maniwara (mani=manioc, wara=eater)		inheritance		Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000			underived				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Nivaclé	order Isoptera		ɬuwa													See Language page
Northern Emberá	order Isoptera	posóa	posóa; pʰõsóa(H&R)													See Language page
Nukak	order Isoptera	nããnˀ3			unique							uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Nyangumarta	(many species)	ngilkirr	ngilkirr		unique							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Nyikina	(many species)	biina	biina		semantic shift							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Nyulnyul	(many species)	djilger	djilger		unique							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Nɨpode Witoto	order Isoptera	karáŋo, káraï {pl}, ígïdaŋo	karáŋo, káraɯ {pl}, ígɯdaŋo													See Language page
Ocaina	order Isoptera	ojuun, ojúnxho	ohɯ̃ɯ̃ ojɯ̃		unique											See Language page
Pacahuara	order Isoptera		makašna													See Language page
Pakanh	(many species)	missing	missing		missing												0	0	0				0	0	no
Paresi	order Isoptera	'mono	'muno		unknown											See Language page
Pemon	order Isoptera	chirima, chiripra (both mean: especie de comején comestible) (A1981); kuungwaik (E1980)	tʃirima, tʃiripra (A1981); kuŋwaɪk (E1980)	edible termite species'	unique				Also kuŋwaɪk (E1980)							See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Piapoco	order Isoptera	càmala	kàmala													See Language page
Piaroa	order Isoptera	i'ćtuo'mɨh	iɁs'tuoɁmɨh		unknown											See Language page
Playero	order Isoptera		oɸó-to													See Language page
Puinave	order Isoptera	ton	jɨ:m (H&R)		unique											See Language page
Páez	order Isoptera	viu	viu; ɸtũũ tʃika (+ɸtũũ wes, ɸtũũ ũʔsa, ɸtũũ = ‘wood’, H&R)													See Language page
Rembarrnga	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Resígaro	order Isoptera	kamaádú	kamaádú		inheritance		North Arawak					uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Ritharrngu	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Secoya	order Isoptera	yuyu	ju'ju													See Language page
Sikuani	order Isoptera	alikere (2), ana (2)	alikére, ána		unique				also alikére, ána			uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Siona	order Isoptera	yuyu	juju		inheritance											See Language page
Siriano	order Isoptera	burúámʉ́	bu'rúá-bɨ̃́													See Language page
Sáliva	order Isoptera	fãpo	ɸãpo		unknown											See Language page
Tanimuca	order Isoptera	bu'tua	bu'tua		inheritance											See Language page
Tariana	order Isoptera	kamáɾa	kamáɾa		inheritance		North Arawak					uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Tatuyo	order Isoptera	bu'túa-bɨ̃	bu'túa-bɨ̃													See Language page
Taushiro	order Isoptera	a´chi´chi	aʔʃiʔʃi													See Language page
Tikuna	order Isoptera	ómekê (Alv44)	ómekɨ		unique											See Language page
Tjaapukay	(many species)	gabaybarra	kapayparra	white ant	unique							derived	/gabay/ 'antbed' + /barra/ 'inhabitant of'				0	0	0				0	0	no
Tukano	order Isoptera	butu-	butu-, butuá-wɨ̃		inheritance		East Tukanoan					uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Tuyuka	order Isoptera	bu'túa-wɨ̃	bu'túa-wɨ̃													See Language page
Urarina	order Isoptera	alïlïḍzi	alʉlʉtʃi		unique											See Language page
Uw-Olkol	(many species)	missing	missing		missing												0	0	0				0	0	no
Uw-Oykangand	(many species)	missing	missing		missing												0	0	0				0	0	no
Wai Wai	order Isoptera	xemeku (SM)	xemeku (SM)		inheritance											See Language page
Waikhana	order Isoptera	bu'tuaɨ̃	bu'tuaɨ̃													See Language page
Waimaja	order Isoptera	bútʰúà	bútʰúà													See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	order Isoptera	sana	sana													See Language page
Walmajarri	(many species)	ngurturr	ngurturr		inheritance	ngurturr	W.Ngumpin		cf Jaru ngururr			underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Waorani	order Isoptera	kayæ̃			unique			cf. Ninam				missing				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Wardaman	(many species)	namulu	namulu		unknown							uncoded					0	0	0				0	0	no
Wari	order Isoptera	hojik (Sousa2009)	hojik (Sousa2009)													See Language page
Warlpiri	(many species)		yardunyu		unknown				also kardilyka, murluru, yukalyi, yutunypa			underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Wayampi	order Isoptera	kupiʔĩ (O78)	kupiʔĩ (O78)		inheritance											See Language page
Wayana	order Isoptera	nukë	nukǝ		inheritance											See Language page
Wik Ngathan	(many species)	missing	missing		missing												0	0	0				0	0	no
Worrorra	(many species)		'gara'murlu (FM)		unique		proto-Worrorran										0	0	0				0	0	no
Wubuy	(many species)		lhalawak		unknown												0	0	0				0	0
Wunambal	(many species)		gojgude		unique		proto-Worrorran										0	0	0				0	0	no
Yabarana	order Isoptera		moremə													See Language page
Yagua	order Isoptera	vaiyujami	wãijuxamı̃		unique											See Language page
Yan-nhangu	(many species)	missing			missing							missing					0	0	0				0	0	no
Yanomami	order Isoptera	ãrepo (kona shi), oshe mape	ã̃ɾepo (kona ʃi), oʃe mape (winged, also generic term)		unique				also ã̃ɾepo (kona ʃi)			phrase	oshe=small one, mahe = feather/wing			See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Yavitero	order Isoptera	kamáta	kamáta													See Language page
Yawuru	(many species)	dyurru	dyurru		semantic shift							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Yidiny	(many species)	munu:nggul (TC; <mununggul>) & manu:nggul (TC; <manunggul>)	munu:nggul (TC; <mununggul>) & manu:nggul (TC; <manunggul>)		unique							underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Yir-Yoront	(many species)	mom; lorr	lorr-mom		inheritance	*mumu	local					underived					0	0	0				0	0	no
Yuhup	order Isoptera	b'uʔ	bˀuʔ		doubtful loan into protolanguage		Hup-Yuhup-Daw	East Tukanoan	e.g. Tukano butu			underived				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Yukpa	order Isoptera	kumeshu (SM)	koméʃu(H&R)													See Language page										Phon only in source
Yukuna	order Isoptera	kamara 'comején blanco', karí, yamuchi	kamaɾa 'comején blanco', kaɾí, jamutʃi		inheritance		North Arawak		Also kaɾí, jamutʃi			uncoded				See Language page	0	1	0				0	0	no
Yuruti	order Isoptera	búutua-wɨ̃	búutua-wɨ̃													See Language page
Záparo	order Isoptera	anatuka	anatuka													See Language page


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Ashuar
Baniwa
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cofán
Cubeo
Cuiva
Desano
Dhangu
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Eñepa
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Guugu Yimidhirr
Huambisa
Hup
Iquito
Jaru
Jingulu
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Kija
Kokama
Koko-Bera
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kuku-Thaypan
Kuku-Yalanji
Kurtjar
Kuuk Thaayorre
Kwazá
Lokono
Macaguan
Maihiki
Makuna
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Matses
Mbabaram
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngandi
Ngarinyin
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Pacahuara
Pakanh
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Playero
Puinave
Páez
Rembarrnga
Resígaro
Ritharrngu
Secoya
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tikuna
Tjaapukay
Tukano
Tuyuka
Urarina
Uw-Olkol
Uw-Oykangand
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wardaman
Wari
Warlpiri
Wayampi
Wayana
Wik Ngathan
Worrorra
Wubuy
Wunambal
Yabarana
Yagua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yidiny
Yir-Yoront
Yuhup
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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