Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

termites, white-ants

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
comején (Peru), termitas
Meaning Portuguese
cupim

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio order Isoptera kuungwaik kuŋwaɪk unique See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Baniwa order Isoptera kamára, máaro kamáɻa, máaɻo inheritance North Arawak Also máaɻo uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Carijona order Isoptera ‘nuukɯ (H&R) inheritance See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cubeo order Isoptera bocomicʉ (generic term), abujucʉñʉabo, adamabocomicʉ, cũavicʉ, jobocururebocomicʉ, jupibocomicʉ, jʉbʉcabocomicʉ, mamʉbocomicʉ, miebocomicʉ, vaibocomicʉ, yavibocomicʉ. vʉ́yocʉ (comején alado, generic term), adamabocomivʉyocʉ (comején alado), cũavivʉyocʉ bokomikʉ (generic term), abuhucʉñʉabo, adamabokomikʉ, kũavikʉ, hobokululebokomikʉ, hupibokomikʉ, hʉbʉkabokomikʉ, mamʉbokomikʉ, miɛbokomikʉ, vaibokomikʉ, javibokomikʉ. vʉ́jokʉ (comején alado, generic term), adamabokomivʉjokʉ (comején alado), kũavivʉjokʉ inheritance East Tukanoan Cognate Makuna. Also abuɣucʉñʉabɔ, adamabɔkɔmikʉ, kũavikʉ, ɣɔbɔkululebɔkɔmikʉ, ɣupibɔkɔmikʉ, ɣʉbʉkabɔkɔmikʉ, mamʉbɔkɔmikʉ, miɛbɔkɔmikʉ, vaibɔkɔmikʉ, javibɔkɔmikʉ. vʉ́jɔkʉ (comején alado, generic term), adamabɔkɔmivʉjɔkʉ (comején alado), kũavivʉjɔkʉ (comej uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Dâw order Isoptera bu’ õòw buʔ ʔɔ̃̂w doubtful loan into protolanguage Hup-Yuhup-Daw East Tukanoan e.g. Tukano butu underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Desano order Isoptera búrua búrua inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Eñepa order Isoptera monokoin (MM) monokoin (MM) inheritance See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Guayabero order Isoptera ʔóɸ-t ʔóɸ-t inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Waorani order Isoptera kayæ̃ unique cf. Ninam missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Hup order Isoptera b'úʔ b'úʔ doubtful loan into protolanguage Hup-Yuhup-Daw East Tukanoan e.g. Tukano butu underived See Language page 0 1 0 gathered women, men eaten raw 0 0 no
Kakua order Isoptera idǐp-~hěb' pûduɁ/ idǐp-hěmɁ (bone-eat) unique bone-eat compound See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Macaguan order Isoptera opát opát inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Nheengatu order Isoptera kupĩ ' ĩ, maniwara (mani=manioc, wara=eater) kupĩ ' ĩ, maniwara (mani=manioc, wara=eater) inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Nukak order Isoptera nããnˀ3 unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Maihiki order Isoptera yuyu aguɨ juju agɨ, jújú inheritance West Tukanoan uncoded agɨ agɨ = masculine animate See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Pemon order Isoptera chirima, chiripra (both mean: especie de comején comestible) (A1981); kuungwaik (E1980) tʃirima, tʃiripra (A1981); kuŋwaɪk (E1980) edible termite species' unique Also kuŋwaɪk (E1980) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Resígaro order Isoptera kamaádú kamaádú inheritance North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Sikuani order Isoptera alikere (2), ana (2) alikére, ána unique also alikére, ána uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tariana order Isoptera kamáɾa kamáɾa inheritance North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tukano order Isoptera butu- butu-, butuá-wɨ̃ inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kotiria order Isoptera butua butua, bu'tua-iro inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yanomami order Isoptera ãrepo (kona shi), oshe mape ã̃ɾepo (kona ʃi), oʃe mape (winged, also generic term) unique also ã̃ɾepo (kona ʃi) phrase oshe=small one, mahe = feather/wing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yukuna order Isoptera kamara 'comején blanco', karí, yamuchi kamaɾa 'comején blanco', kaɾí, jamutʃi inheritance North Arawak Also kaɾí, jamutʃi uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yuhup order Isoptera b'uʔ bˀuʔ doubtful loan into protolanguage Hup-Yuhup-Daw East Tukanoan e.g. Tukano butu underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Bardi (many species) jaambany jaambany unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Bunuba (many species) lamburra lamburra unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Burarra (many species) an-gurroḻpa an-gurroḻpa unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dhangu (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dhay’yi (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dhuwal (many species) munyukuluŋu munyukuluŋu unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
Djinang (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gooniyandi (many species) gooradooroodoo gooradooroodoo unique reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gumatj (many species) gunaŋa(') gunaŋa(') inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gupapuyngu (many species) gunaŋa(') ganagana inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gurindji (many species) munkut munkut loan into protolanguage munkurr Ngumpin-Yapa Jaminjung ? WW %mungku underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Guugu Yimidhirr (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Jaru (many species) ŋururr ŋururr unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Jingulu (many species) pilaya pilaya unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Karajarri (many species) bīna bīna loan Nyikina underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kija (many species) jamentel jamentel inheritance tyamernte Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Koko-Bera (many species) missing missing
Kuku-Thaypan (many species) [see 'ant'] [see 'ant'] unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kuku-Yalanji (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kurtjar (many species) mpoord & bheenthik mpoord & bheenthik unique underived eeny 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kuuk Thaayorre (many species) paant+pirka; ruurr- paant+pirka; ruurr- unique compound paant 'head'; pirk 'long, big' 0 0 0 0 0 no
Mangala (many species) pīna pīna loan Nyikina underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Mbabaram (many species) wánu wánu loan unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Miriwung (many species) malureng malureng unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ngandi (many species) murugulu7 murpungula inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ngarinyin (many species) dudut (jirri) dudut (jirri) unknown proto-Worrorran Yawuru? uncoded (jirri, M classifier) 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ngarluma (many species) manthu inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
Ngumbarl (many species) nyeelgooroo nyeelgooroo unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nyangumarta (many species) ngilkirr ngilkirr unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nyikina (many species) biina biina semantic shift underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nyulnyul (many species) djilger djilger unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Pakanh (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Rembarrnga (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ritharrngu (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tjaapukay (many species) gabaybarra kapayparra white ant unique derived /gabay/ 'antbed' + /barra/ 'inhabitant of' 0 0 0 0 0 no
Uw-Olkol (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Uw-Oykangand (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Walmajarri (many species) ngurturr ngurturr inheritance ngurturr W.Ngumpin cf Jaru ngururr underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wardaman (many species) namulu namulu unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Warlpiri (many species) yardunyu unknown also kardilyka, murluru, yukalyi, yutunypa underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wik Ngathan (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Worrorra (many species) 'gara'murlu (FM) unique proto-Worrorran 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wubuy (many species) lhalawak unknown 0 0 0 0 0
Wunambal (many species) gojgude unique proto-Worrorran 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yan-nhangu (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yawuru (many species) dyurru dyurru semantic shift underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yidiny (many species) munu:nggul (TC; <mununggul>) & manu:nggul (TC; <manunggul>) munu:nggul (TC; <mununggul>) & manu:nggul (TC; <manunggul>) unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yir-Yoront (many species) mom; lorr lorr-mom inheritance *mumu local underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Achagua order Isoptera kamaɽa (rw) kamaɽa (rw), kamaʒa (H&R) inheritance See Language page
Piapoco order Isoptera càmala kàmala See Language page
Kabiyari order Isoptera kámara kámaɾa See Language page
Yavitero order Isoptera kamáta kamáta See Language page
Mandawaka order Isoptera káma káma See Language page
Paresi order Isoptera 'mono 'muno unknown See Language page
Bora order Isoptera tʰákʰíʔkʰi-pa, máʔarḯmïḯ-pe, mooá-pa tʰákʰíʔkʰi-pa, máʔarɯ́mɯɯ́-pe, mooá-pa unknown; inheritance See Language page
Muinane order Isoptera mɨ́ǰɨ́gíyɨ, máʔarɨ, táabano mɨ́dʒɨ́gíyɨ, máʔarɨ, táabano See Language page
Apalai order Isoptera nuko nuko inheritance See Language page
Wayana order Isoptera nukë nukǝ inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo order Isoptera mukë mukɛ See Language page
Wai Wai order Isoptera xemeku (SM) xemeku (SM) inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari order Isoptera sana sana See Language page
Yabarana order Isoptera moremə See Language page
Yukpa order Isoptera kumeshu (SM) koméʃu(H&R) See Language page Phon only in source
Northern Emberá order Isoptera posóa posóa; pʰõsóa(H&R) See Language page
Cuiva order Isoptera ópʰo-to See Language page
Playero order Isoptera oɸó-to See Language page
Cofán order Isoptera ovepa´cho, tsuttavu´vu (flying termite) oβɛpaʔtʃo See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra order Isoptera toga tonka unique See Language page
Taushiro order Isoptera a´chi´chi aʔʃiʔʃi See Language page
Páez order Isoptera viu viu; ɸtũũ tʃika (+ɸtũũ wes, ɸtũũ ũʔsa, ɸtũũ = ‘wood’, H&R) See Language page
Tikuna order Isoptera ómekê (Alv44) ómekɨ unique See Language page
Urarina order Isoptera alïlïḍzi alʉlʉtʃi unique See Language page
Andoke order Isoptera tǝ̃(ü̃)ih (RW52) unique See Language page
Puinave order Isoptera ton jɨ:m (H&R) unique See Language page
Máku order Isoptera kelü See Language page
Ashuar order Isoptera kámau kamau See Language page
Huambisa order Isoptera kama kama See Language page
Aguaruna order Isoptera kábau kábau inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect order Isoptera kamaʔɾa loan Arawak See Language page
Matses order Isoptera cuëte icbo, mechodo kuɨte ikbo, metʃodo unknown See Language page
Pacahuara order Isoptera makašna See Language page
Yagua order Isoptera vaiyujami wãijuxamı̃ unique See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua order Isoptera cumishin kumiʃin See Language page
Piaroa order Isoptera i'ćtuo'mɨh iɁs'tuoɁmɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva order Isoptera fãpo ɸãpo unknown See Language page
Bará order Isoptera bu'tua-bɨ̃ See Language page
Barasano order Isoptera butúá-bɨ̃́ butúá-bɨ̃́ See Language page
Carapana order Isoptera bútúá-bɨ̃ bútúá-bɨ̃ See Language page
Makuna order Isoptera adamabocomicʉ adamabokomikɨ, butua-bɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Yuruti order Isoptera búutua-wɨ̃ búutua-wɨ̃ See Language page
Waikhana order Isoptera bu'tuaɨ̃ bu'tuaɨ̃ See Language page
Siriano order Isoptera burúámʉ́ bu'rúá-bɨ̃́ See Language page
Tanimuca order Isoptera bu'tua bu'tua inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo order Isoptera bu'túa-bɨ̃ bu'túa-bɨ̃ See Language page
Tuyuka order Isoptera bu'túa-wɨ̃ bu'túa-wɨ̃ See Language page
Waimaja order Isoptera bútʰúà bútʰúà See Language page
Koreguaje order Isoptera chuchu dʒudʒu inheritance See Language page
Siona order Isoptera yuyu juju inheritance See Language page
Secoya order Isoptera yuyu ju'ju See Language page
Karitiana order Isoptera gypy gɨpɨ inheritance See Language page
Kokama order Isoptera kupia kupia inheritance See Language page
Wayampi order Isoptera kupiʔĩ (O78) kupiʔĩ (O78) inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá order Isoptera kupiˀi kupiˀi inheritance See Language page
Ocaina order Isoptera ojuun, ojúnxho ohɯ̃ɯ̃ ojɯ̃ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto order Isoptera karáŋo, káraï {pl}, ígïdaŋo karáŋo, káraɯ {pl}, ígɯdaŋo See Language page
Minica Witoto order Isoptera karákïŋo, ígïdakïŋo karákɯŋo, ígɯdakɯŋo See Language page
Murui Witoto order Isoptera karakïño, igïdïkïño karakɯɲo, igɯdɯkɯɲo unique See Language page
Iquito order Isoptera ijíquija ihíkiha unique See Language page
Záparo order Isoptera anatuka anatuka See Language page
Wari order Isoptera hojik (Sousa2009) hojik (Sousa2009) See Language page
Kwazá order Isoptera kaihutu kaihutu See Language page
Kaingang order Isoptera ryg ɾɨg See Language page
Djeoromitxi order Isoptera txerere tʃerere See Language page
Nivaclé order Isoptera ɬuwa See Language page
Lokono order Isoptera arará arara arara termite, white ant, wood ant Fanshawe 1949:58 no
Kariña order Isoptera korotopu korotupu termite sp. Courtz 2007:301 no