Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

snake (generic)

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
culebra, serpiente
Meaning Portuguese
cobra

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim nah'-tis snake (any) loan Yokuts Yowlumne not'-tit; nŏt'-titCH “rattlesnake”; Chukchansi nah'-sis “rattlesnake, any snake”; Proto-NimYokuts *naThiTh “rattlesnake” (Golla 1964:64) same underived C. H. Merriam 60-463 0 1 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tokoa snake (generic), rattlesnake inheritance *tɨ-*koNwa Numic Stubbs 2009 (2008:279), prefix only in Numic same underived etymologicall a phrase, rock-snake Crapo 1976:179 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla séwet ˈsewet snakes inheritance *sɨwɨn- Takic S2011a (Stubbs 2009:280); not Stubbs' reconstruction, but Kitanemuk, Serrano are conservative in retaining these nasals. same other complex sewe-t -7aʃ "pet" possessive classifier -7aʃ (probably) Bean 1972:61 no info 0 Moon gaves snakes their colors; they are her paintings (Seiler 1970:44) 1 no info hunted Men boiled, roasted 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats yes
Central Sierra Miwok lah'-wah-te snake (any) inheritance Sierra Miwokan only In Miss underived must be etymologically complex Merriam 57:463 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi kwe-ets kwiijaatsi snake (any) unique same other complex has -ci ABS Merriam 59:535 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno c'iqHiy' snake unique underived Beeler 1978:175 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno i-yu-wes'-sĕ snake (any) unique other complex I'll bet this is an 7al form misheard by CHM Merriam 55:17 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno tʃo vibora unique underived Harrington III:1:0085 0 1 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno pʃoʃ snake inheritance *pSoSo Proto-Chumash underived Heizer/Pinart I:58 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cocopa ɂawí appears in other snake names, always in phrase inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Kiliwa ?+wi? same underived Crawford 1989 0 1 0 0 0 no
Comanche kwasinaboo? snake (general) unique same finite clause? kwasi-naboo? tail-is.striped/spotted/patterned Robinson & Armagost 1990:163 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cupeño missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Esselen missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino ta:hur, ta:xor (281) ˈta:hur la culebra, gopher snake inheritance *tahu- Northern Uto-Aztecan S2015 (Stubbs 2009:280) narrower (does not include rattlesnakes) other complex ˈta:hu-r snake-npn -ʔaʧ “pet possessive classifier for animals Harrington 161 no info 0 1 McC p. 116 no info hunted all no info 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Iipay 'Aa han-nă-kor' snake (any) unique same underived a wild guess Merriam 55:213 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu to-go'-wah inheritance *tɨ-*koNwa Proto-Numic Stubbs 2009 but with this prefix only Numic unknown Merriam 59:375 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa ?+wi? snake, viper inheritance Proto-Yuman same underived Mixco 1985 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk hɨŋt hɨŋt snake, rattlesnake inheritance *sɨwɨn- Takic S2011a (Stubbs 2009:280); not Stubbs' reconstruction, but Kitanemuk, Serrano are conservative in retaining these nasals. broader (also generic for snake) other complex hɨŋ-t rattlesnake-npn -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals Anderton 1988:312 no info 0 1 no info no info no info no info 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats yes
Lake Miwok p'ódwaj snake loan Hill Patwin “probably from Hill Patwin porwan “snake”” with -aj by analogy” (1965:117) other complex -aj Callaghan 1965 0 1 0 0 0 no
Luiseño píiqwala ʹpi:qʷala snake (any kind) (but not rattlesnakes, see Species notes JHH) unique narrower (does not include rattlesnakes) other complex ʹpi:qʷa-la (root may be derived) -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla Elliott 1999: 714 no info 0 1 lizards not eaten, so snakes may also be proscribed no info no info no info no info 0 0 Americas diverse habitats no
Maidu húsky snake (general) unique underived Shipley 1963 0 1 0 0 0 no
Mojave ɂave snake inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Kiliwa ?+wi? ; Maricopa ɂave; Yuma 7a.ve/ Halpern 1:30 same underived Munro et al.1992 0 1 0 0 0 no
Mutsun ko:Tehwa snake (any) Merriam confirms inheritance Yok-Utian Cf. Pynim *xo:THongiTH (and *ko:langkHil “king snake”), Pmis *ho.tong-ja-; Callaghan 1997:60 other complex -wa is "serpent" suffix Okrand p. 142 Merriam 55:417 0 1 0 0 0 no
Nisenan kojmo Merriam confirms snake (any); also haw'-tot unique underived Merriam 57:241 0 1 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute nooyooadu Snake unique same derived nuyua-dɨ “crawl-er” Merriam 61:147 0 1 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok lo:pa:Ti- snake inheritance Sierra Miwokan only In Mics other complex -To 0 1 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok wilo-, wilu- snake unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
Salinan A šk'ot snake, worm, grub; Merriam's “snake, any” 55”379 unique Salinan other complex s- animal prefix Mason 1918:123; Turner 1980:83 0 1 0 0 0 no
Salinan M ck'ot snake, worm, grub; (Merriam's “snake, any” 55”379) unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:123 0 1 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) ziix coíimaj hant cöquiih cö is /kw/ snake, general term for non-biting species (biting species change coiimaj for cocazni) unique narrower (doesn't include biting snakes/vipers) relative clause animal coiler (whipsnake) earththat- lies (?) Comcaac Dictionary 205 0 1 0 0 0 no
Serrano hyr:ng-t snake, any (CHM confirms) inheritance *sɨwɨn- Takic S2011a (Stubbs 2008:280); not Stubbs' reconstruction, but Kitanemuk, Serrano are conservative in retaining these nasals. other complex -t NPN Merriam 60-109 0 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute kwe-ets' L, M, A; kwe-etch L snake (any) unique this is a western form otherwise unique to Chemehuevi -- loan? Euphemism? same other complex has -tsi ABS Merriam 59:471 0 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ici- snake (Merriam has law:ati- 57:463 unique underived Broadbent 1964: 0 1 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute togóa-vI snake, rattlesnake inheritance *koNwa Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2009 (2008:279); this word with the to- prefix is just Numic, however same other complex has -pi ABS Givon 1979 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal tuhhatt tuˈhat water snake (see species notes) inheritance *tahu Northern Uto-Aztecan S2015 (Stubbs 2009:280); seems reasonable to include in the set narrower (does not include rattlesnakes) other complex tuˈha-t snake-npn Hill 2010:92 no info 0 1 no reptiles eaten (Voegelin 1938:6) no info N/A N/A N/A 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Tümpisa Shoshone tokowa snake, rattlesnake inheritance *tɨ-*koNwa Proto-Numic Stubbs 2009; with this prefix only in Numic same underived obviously to-kowa “rock-snake” but I doubt if this is accessible to speakers Dayley 1989:291 0 1 0 0 0 no
Wappo holo:wík'a snake (CHM confirms 52:577) unique Note Lake Miwok holoomaj “rattlesnake” phrase holo:- presumably some kind of critter element; see “ant” Sawyer 1965 0 1 0 0 0 no
Washo má:k'i7 snake (any) unique underived Merriam 55:311; WPD 0 1 0 0 0 no
Western Mono toGoqA “snake (any)” as well as rattlesnake inheritance *tɨ-koNwa Proto-Numic UA “snake” word *koNwa is S2009, but this form only in Numic same unknown Merriam 59:81 (transcription from Bethle et al. 0 1 0 0 0 no
Wintu La:q snakes (really, just loses glottalization) unique underived Pitkin 1985 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yavapai ɂlwĭ breve is hachek snake inheritance Proto-Yuman Note Kiliwa ?+wi? unknown Shaterian 1983 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi e-now'-we-det' snake (any) (Wik) unique same other complex I'm sure this is complex form but analysis impossible Merriam 58:371 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne yax Kroeber's transcription for Merriam's yah” snake (any) inheritance Yokutsan usually the word for “water-snake” in Kroeber same underived Merriam 58:561 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yuki hunk'an' any snake MW inheritance *hunk'an' Yukian-Wappo Schlichter 1985 underived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yuma ah-vĭh' snake (any) inheritance unknown Merriam 61:463 0 1 0 0 0 no
Akawaio ögöi ögöɪ inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Baniwa áapi, ããpi (hr01) áapi, ããpi (hr01) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Carijona əkəi aka'i (H&R) inheritance Northern Carib? H&R aka'i See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Cubeo no generic term ã'jã́ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Dâw rẽér hæ̃̌h inheritance missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Desano ã'jã́ ã'jã́ inheritance Several ET languages use 'snake' root in both forms uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Eñepa ake, Var. ajke (MM) ake, Var. ahke (MM) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Guayabero hom hom inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Hodï ih'ko iʰkʷo unique cf. Carib But compare Carib, e.g.Eñepa ajke uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Waorani tæ̃tæbó unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Hup [no generic] [no generic] missing missing See Language page 0 1 some kinds and some people only 0 hunted? 0 0 no
Kakua ~bâj ~bâj inheritance underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Macaguan jom hom inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Makushi ikɨ́í ikɨ́í inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Nheengatu buya buja inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Ninam rosik (gom), orɨk (EM72) rosik (gom), oɾɨk inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Nukak mãĩ4 inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Maihiki aña aguɨ aɲa agɨ, ãjã inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded agɨ agɨ = masculine animate See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Pemon okoi; ököi (E1980); ököi (M2000) oko (A1981)i; ököɪ (E1980) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Resígaro oná?kó onáʔkó unique Central North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Sanumá olɨgɨgɨ (edible snakes only), olɨkɨkɨ (EM72) olɨgɨgɨ (edible snakes only), olɨkɨkɨ (EM72) inheritance Narrower (edible snakes only) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Sikuani jomo (rk83); atsajomo (42), jomo (2), manu (2)(Arawak borrowing) hómo inheritance atsajomo (42), jomo (2), manu (2) (Arawak borrowing) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tariana api (dp91), mawáli 'cobra, verme'; ʔã́mpi (H&R92) api (dp91), mawáli 'cobra, verme' inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Also mawáli 'cobra, verme' uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Tukano pĩrô ã́jã́, pĩrô inheritance In other ET languages, this means boa/anaconda. Also ã́jã́ (cognate with other Tuk) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Kotiria ~phido ã'gã (H&R), ~pʰido inheritance Means 'boa, anaconda' in most other ET languages. Also ã'gã (H&R) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Wapishana generic snake: kʰuwaẓaẓ generic snake: kʰuwaẓaẓ unique See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yanomam orukɨk (EM72) oɾukɨk inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yanomami oru oɾu inheritance underived kəkɨ is a nominal classifier specifying that things are of the same species See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Yukuna jeina, jeí (rk83); heíŋ (H&R92) heina unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no
Bardi juurru juurru inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Bunuba bilanyi bilanyi inheritance pirlanyi Bunuban cf. Jam. Pulany WW %pulany underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Burarra missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Dhangu missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Dhay’yi missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Dhuwal missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Djinang missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Gajirrabeng nganjoowarrng nganjuwarrng semantic shift nganjuwarr N.Jarragan original meaning 'King Brown snake' underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Gooniyandi barlanyi barlanyi inheritance pirlanyi Bunuban underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Gumatj missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Gupapuyngu missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Gurindji kuljany kuljany semantic shift kuljany python also wari; kuljany 'carpet snake' in Jaru underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Guugu Yimidhirr thaarba & thunggul thaarba & thunggul unique To KYal /thaarba/ 'snake'; poss. a loan in KYal from GYim. underived 0 1 0 0 0
Jaru muntiny muntiny semantic shift muntiny Ngumpin black-headed python > muntuty by Nasal Cluster Dissimilation. Doublet? uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Jingulu mikintyi mikintyi unknown underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Karajarri djuṛu djuṛu loan Nyulnyulan underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Kija ngamarrany ngamarrany unique As with the other root King Brown is extended to snake life-form underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Koko-Bera missing missing
Kuku-Thaypan missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Kuku-Yalanji jarba jarba loan Guugu Yimidhirr To GYim /thaarba/ 'snake'; judged a loan from GYim because of loss of vowel length distinction. underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Kurtjar missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Kuuk Thaayorre yak yak unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Mbabaram agerr agerr unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Miriwung ngandjuwarrng ngandjuwarrng inheritance ngantyuwarr Jarragan King Brown>snake underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Ngandi missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Ngarinyin langkut langkut inheritance *rlangku- proto-Worrorran uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Ngumbarl tchooroo tchooroo inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Nimanburru djur% djur% inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Nyangumarta jurru jurru loan Nyulnyulan underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Nyikina jilbidikoodanyoon jilbidikoodanyoon unique derived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Nyulnyul bulgun, juurr bulgun, juurr inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Pakanh missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Rembarrnga missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Ritharrngu missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Tjaapukay djama cama snake (generic) inheritance *cama pYTj To Yidiny underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Uw-Olkol missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Uw-Oykangand missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Walmajarri tyilpirtitjarti tyilpirtitjarti unique compound guts-HAVING 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Wardaman linin linin unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Warlpiri warna warna inheritance warna Ngumpin-Yapa underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Wik Ngathan ngench ngeñc snake unique per Sutton, to WNgathan /-ngench/ & WMng /ngench/ 'sacred'. Therefore ultimately < pPNyungan *ngalñca underived Can be preposed to a species name as a generic. 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Yan-nhangu mol’ mol’ unique simplex 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Yawuru jurru jurru inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Yidiny jama jama inheritance *cama pYTj To Tjaap. /djama/. underived minya 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
Yir-Yoront tholqorr; minh- minh-thol7orr unique underived tholqorr 'long': minh-tholqorr (like the respect-language equivalent wirqvyvw ('bony one', referring to the many ribs) is a coinage of convenience; there is, properly speaking, no generic term for 'snake' 0 1 0 Post-Wet, peaking in Dry; Pre-Wet. Eggs Post-Wet & Dry 0 0 many spp
Achagua áapi (dp91),ái á:pi (dp91), ái inheritance See Language page
Piapoco áapi (dp91), àapi á:pi (dp91), àapi See Language page
Kabiyari apí (dp91) apí (dp91) See Language page
Yavitero u'meni u'meni See Language page
Bare mawaya mawaja See Language page
Wayuu wɨi (~ wɨľi) See Language page Cf. 'earthworm' 03.840.
Yine himnɨ; pi See Language page *Piro-Apuriná forms are *hɨ'mɨnɨ; *pi.
Paresi ˈowi ˈuwi inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano epačepare; pačepare See Language page Also kičare.
Trinitario ɣɣore; činʸompi See Language page Also pač'porepi.
Baure ki'woṛ̌; 'peropi ki'woṛ̌; 'peropi inheritance S. Arawak See Language page
Waurá uwi uwi inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'piɲi See Language page
Bora íínyimye íínjimjɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane xíinimo; íttɨ {small snake} xíinimo; íttɨ {small snake} See Language page
Apalai okoi okoi inheritance See Language page
Wayana ëkëi ǝkǝi inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó əkəi əkəi inheritance See Language page
Makiritare əkə̄yu (IDS) (Also tadādwēmə); ökö:yu (KH) əkə:ju inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo ëkëi (ëkkëi) ɛkɛi (ɛkkɛi) See Language page
Wai Wai okoyi okoyi inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kyrywy kɨrɨwɨ See Language page
Yabarana ə'kəi See Language page
Yukpa kiripo ko'nena See Language page Phon only in source
Kalapalo eke eke inheritance See Language page
Muisca muyso aquyca gue muɨso akuɨka γe See Language page
Barí čiidu See Language page Colombia: čiduurə. *Chibchan form is *takabi.
Northern Emberá daamá daːmá, tamá (H&R) See Language page
Epena 'taama See Language page
Cuiva hómo See Language page
Playero homó See Language page
Cofán anttanfasi iyo See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra góyogópshi nkóyonkópʃi unique See Language page
Páez ol ol, ul (H&R) See Language page
Tikuna ãxtape ãʔtape unique See Language page
Urarina akanu akanu unique See Language page
Camsa mɨtɕkuáje mɨtɕkuáje See Language page
Andoke poʌtaʌ unique See Language page
Puinave generic snake: sə̃p generic snake: sə̃p unique See Language page
Warao hube See Language page
Ashuar nápi napi See Language page
Huambisa napi napi See Language page
Aguaruna dápi dápi inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʔawɯ̱: doubtful loan Arawak *owi See Language page
Matses nisi nisi unknown See Language page
Kakataibo rono; pis'ka See Language page Also ru'nĩ 'anaconda'; si'taru, si'tarunu (dial.); pis'ka; kanarũ, kanaru (dial.); ka'moṣ̌ 'kind of snake'. *Panoan *rono; *pisika.
Katukina rono See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo rono See Language page 'Anaconda' is ronĩ.
Yaminahua rono See Language page
Chácobo rono rono inheritance See Language page
Yagua codiy kondij doubtful loan, direction unknown Iquito kuni See Language page
Ingá amarun kulíbra (SP loan, H&R) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua palu palu See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano machaqway, maqta-uru matʃaqwaj, maqta-uɾu See Language page
Piaroa wiriät'erä; ahkáh (K76) wiriæt'eræ, ahkáh doubtful loan Carib See Language page
Sáliva llacui ʤakʷi unknown See Language page
Bará ã'jã See Language page
Barasano ãjã ãjã See Language page
Carapana ãña ãɲã, 'ãjã (H&R), pĩno (FS) See Language page
Makuna ãña ãɲa, ãjã inheritance See Language page
Yuruti ã́jã ã́jã See Language page
Waikhana ã'jã ã'jã See Language page
Siriano ãñá ãɲá, ã'jã́ See Language page
Tanimuca ã'dyã 'ka ã'ʎã 'ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo ˈã'jã ˈã'jã See Language page
Tuyuka ã'jã́ ã'jã́ See Language page
Waimaja ãñã́ ãɲã́ See Language page
Koreguaje aña ˈaɲa inheritance See Language page
Siona aña aɲa inheritance See Language page
Secoya aña ˈã'jã See Language page
Karitiana moroja moɾoja inheritance See Language page
Kokama mui mui inheritance See Language page
Wayampi mɔy mɔj inheritance See Language page
Aché mebo unknown See Language page
Chiriguano ᵐboi inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní 'ᵐboi See Language page
Sirionó mei̯; mei̯ kʷaču mei̯; mei̯ kʷaǩu inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá mõj (M2000) mõj (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina gonjóónhinhtsi gõhṍṍʔĩʔtsi unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto hái.o, iβána hái.o, iβána See Language page
Minica Witoto hái.o hái.o See Language page
Murui Witoto hai.o hai.o inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito cúni kúni loan, direction unknown Yagua kondij See Language page
Wari emʔ emʔ See Language page
Araona ba'kʷa See Language page Cf. 'child' 02.270. *Tacn form is *baka.
Ese Ejja peeyo; -ɓakʷa- See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo akwišo peo akwišo peo See Language page
Tacana bakʷa See Language page
Cavineña bakʷa; bakwa (G71) bakʷa; bakwa (G71) See Language page
Central Aymara asiru, katari asiru See Language page
Cayuvava čɔčɔ See Language page
Itonama biluwa See Language page Fer-de-lance' is upakˀa; boa constrictor is uyula; 'boyé' is opori.
Kwazá -djay -djay See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'nas See Language page
Movima čaβoʔo (J62) tʃaβoʔo See Language page
Trumai kodešɨš kodešɨš See Language page
Kaingang pỹn pə̃n See Language page
Canela kaaŋə; pat See Language page *Jê form is *kaŋã. Maxacalí form is kãɲã-noc̷.
Suyá kaŋã, kãná kaŋã, kãná See Language page
Karajá hemɨlala See Language page
Djeoromitxi mẽ mẽ See Language page
Chipaya šḳora See Language page Uru-J form is šḳora.
Mocoví nan-aik See Language page Lit. 'coil-adj (masc)'.
Pilagá nan-aik See Language page Lit. 'curl up-masc adj.'.
Toba n-ʔad-aʁan-aḳ See Language page Lit. 'prefix-puncture-intrans-agent (masc)'.
Lengua yewa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akyiwa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nemesma See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ahʷe'c̷ah See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja xuppa See Language page
Maca ḳˀoy-ḳˀoy (m.) See Language page Many varieties. Cf. 'worm' 03.840.
Nivaclé tos See Language page
Ayoreo u'gaai See Language page A poisonous s. is nasaa'miroi. Tobité dialect is asaa'rio. A black s. is u'gaa-gadooi, lit. 's. that goes'.
Mapudungun filu See Language page Ranquel form is čoča.
Qawasqar terḳoyasoḳ See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tokoa “rattlesnake, snake (generic)” inheritance
Cahuilla sewet (rattlesnake) inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok lo:paT:i- inheritance
Chemehuevi kogO snake sp inheritance JPH
Chumash Barbareno xshap “rattlesnake” inheritance Ono 1996:26
Chumash Ineseno xshap “rattlesnake” inheritance A76:279
Chumash Obispeno tqwa(y)hiqwa7, kwayhiqwa7 rattlesnake(? loan Klar 1977
Chumash Ventureno xshap “rattlesnake” unknown JPH
Cocopa 7awi/ “rattlesnake” inheritance
Comanche kwasinaboo7 unique
Cupeño sewe-t [sɨwɨt] inheritance
Esselen tse/tselkmati “rattlesnake” unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:200 and voc
Gabrielino $o:t “snake”; $o:wot “rattlesnake”; inheritance
Iipay 'Aa 'ewii [Ɂəˈwiˑ] inheritance
Kawaiisu togowa “rattlesnake” inheritance
Kiliwa 7-wi7 inheritance
Kitanemuk hyngt inheritance
Lake Miwok p'o/dwaj loan
Luiseño pi:qwa-la unknown
Maidu hu/sky (does not appear alone) unknown
Mojave 7ave inheritance
Mutsun 7ippi "rattlesnake",ippih "rattlesnake" (a turned-around one) loan O77:145;
Nisenan hi:k'i (big) unknown
Northern Paiute togokwa “rattlesnake” inheritance Thornes 03:298
Northern Sierra Miwok lo:pa:Ti- inheritance
Plains Miwok wilo-, wilu- unknown
Salinan A Ta:li:ye:7 “serpent” loan direction unknown
Salinan M Tinele/' 'serpent' loan direction unknown Mason 1918:125
Seri (Comcaac) coca/zni “rattlesnake” unknown
Serrano hY:ng-t “rattlesnake” inheritance
Southern Paiute togoa-S rattlesnake inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ici- unknown
Southern Ute no generic tog'oavI “rattlesnake” inheritance
Tübatulabal shymmynt “rattlesnake” inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tokowa (rattlesnake) inheritance
Wappo holo:wi/k'a loan
Washo ma/7ki7 unknown J69
Western Mono togo/qA “rattlesnake” inheritance
Wintu lya:q “snake, rattlesnake” loan direction unknown
Yavapai ?lwi\/, ?lwi/ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami Te7et “rattlesnake” inheritance Source? JPH
Yokuts Yawdanchi t:OOd “rattlesnake” 242 THO7Ot? inheritance K07:242
Yokuts Yowlumne naTHiTH (rattlesnake) inheritance Golla 1964
Yuki lil na,w'en, lil na,7in, lil na,7en, lil na,:7en' “rattlesnake” unknown S&S 1984
Yuma 7a:ve/ H1:29 inheritance
Arabana alakura unique
Bardi djur% jurr inheritance
Bunuba birlanyi inheritance
Burarra ana-bericha unknown
Dhangu djäḻki(') unknown
Dhuwal mundukuḻ(')
Dhuwala djäḻki(') unknown
Diyari wanku inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu mundukuḻ(') unknown
Djinang minarr unknown
Gajirrabeng nganjoowarrng inheritance
Gooniyandi barlanyi inheritance
Gupapuyngu djäḻki(') unknown
Gurindji kuljany loan Jaru
Jabirr-Jabirr djur% jurr inheritance
Jaru lingga semantic shift
Jawi tora dorra inheritance
Karajarri jurru inheritance
Kija ngamarra- inheritance
Malyangapa thurru inheritance
Mangala kalakata (T) unknown
Miriwung nganjoowarrng inheritance
Mithaka pardi inheritance?
Mudburra wari
Mudburra wari doubtful loan
Ngamini nganytyi unique
Ngandi a-dharlarra inheritance
Ngarluma warlu
Ngumbarl tchooroo jurru inheritance
Nhirrpi kathikathi semantic shift
Nimanburru djur% jurr inheritance
Northern Mangarla jurru
Northern Nyangumarta jikatany inheritance
Nyangumarta jurru inheritance
Nyikina juru juru inheritance
Nyulnyul djur% jurr inheritance
Paakantyi mulkeri unique
Pirriya kathi semantic shift
Pitta-Pitta kunderry loan direction unknown
Rirratjingu mol'ŋu
Ritharrngu dharlarra loan
Walmajarri jilpirtijarti inheritance
Wangkayutyuru wama loan
Warrwa juurru juurru inheritance
Wubuy lharlarra inheritance
Yan-nhangu moḻ' unknown
Yandruwandha kathikathi, pardi kathikathi semantic shift
Yarluyandi wangu inheritance
Yawarrawarrka wonku inheritance
Yawuru jurru jurru inheritance
Kanamarí hihpam hihpam cobra da terra (em geral) Magalhães 2018:356
Lokono ori oɾi snake Pet 1987:371 no
Kariña nohkan nohkan snake Yamada 2010:780 no