Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

dream

Semantic Field: culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: sueño, soñar
Meaning Portuguese: sonho, sonhar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	súlinideriu 'to dream'	súlinideriu 'to dream'												See Language page
Aché		ikẽ pou												See Language page
Aguaruna	kaha; kahi (v.)	kaha; kahi (v.)												See Language page
Akawaio	enekpöknödok	ɛnɛʔpöknödɔk		unknown										See Language page
Apalai	senety	senetɨ												See Language page
Araona		tawi-ba											Lit. 'sleep-see'. 04.610.	See Language page
Ashuar	kárim ('your dream')	kárim ('your dream')												See Language page
Ayoreo		ĩĩ'karã												See Language page
Baniwa	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance		Proto North Arawak					Other Complex	hitápu-ni=- dream-nonpossessed		See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	missing			missing
Bardi	puwarra			inheritance
Bare	u	u												See Language page
Barí		borog'barina												See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	na-puisaih, na-pusaih		to dream	unknown						Stubbs 2011 718; Central Numic only	derived			Crapo 1976
Bora	tuwa (to dream)	tʰɯkwa												See Language page
Bunuba	yatyili-			inheritance						VERB
Burarra	borrtyeka			unique
Cahuilla	tet'ayaw		to dream	inheritance	*ty7a	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1798	simplex	root		Seiler & Hioki 1979
Carapana	wʉgoarique	wʉgoarike												See Language page
Carijona	eseneti (M2000)													See Language page
Cavineña	tawi-ho-ya (tawi is "sleep")	tawi-ho-ya												See Language page
Cayuvava		bete; beβeta												See Language page
Central Aymara		iki												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7ukču-		to dream, dream about	inheritance	*7ektu	Proto-Utian				Callaghan 1997:48	simplex			Freeland & Broadbent
Cha'palaa		'ki'pi-nu												See Language page
Chemehuevi	nonosI		dream	inheritance	*nosi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 717	simplex			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chipaya		wiy-a											Cf. 'night' 14.420.	See Language page
Chiriguano		-payu; -pau												See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-fʷexlyen ~ -fʷixlyen												See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7atišwič		dream (V)	inheritance		Proto-Central Chumash					derived			Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno	missing			missing
Chumash Obispeno	missing			missing
Chumash Ventureno	7atišwič		to dream	inheritance		Proto-Central Chumash					derived	7atišwiN 'charmstone' verbalized		Mamet 2008
Chácobo	nama-	nama-												See Language page
Cocopa	šma:p		to dream	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH always from 'sleep'	simplex			Crawford 1989
Cofán	ayo'o	ajoʔo											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	nabUsi7aipY		dream (N)	unknown						Central Numic only, Stubbs 718	derived, other complex			Robinson & Armagost 1990
Cubeo	vʉo	vʉo		missing										See Language page
Cupeño	tu'uyu		to dream	inheritance	*ty7a	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1798	simplex	root		Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Desano	wʉja	wʉha		missing										See Language page
Dhay’yi	buku-wayaŋin			inheritance
Dhuwal	bukaway			inheritance
Djapu	bukaway			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	nõtenõ	nõtenõ												See Language page
Djinang	mabugi			loan									based on presence of prefix
Dâw	xuúp	xǔp		missing										See Language page
Epena		kʰãi-mokʰaraa-												See Language page
Ese Ejja		xa-kawi-ɓaki-nahe												See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-kawi	e-kawi												See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	wïche'pë'në (MM); učepətɨ-n (IDS)	wïtʃeʔpëʔnë (MM); utʃepətɨ-n (IDS		inheritance		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup				Alternate: utʃepətɨ-n				See Language page
Gabrielino	hoo-hoo-war-ră-wēCH		dream	unique							other complex, reduplicated			Merriam 49:113
Gooniyandi	kuni			loan direction unknown				WW	%kuning
Gumatj	bukaway			inheritance
Gupapuyngu	bukaway			inheritance
Gurindji	kuni			loan direction unknown				WW	%kuning
Hodï	apui	apui		unique							Simplex			See Language page
Huambisa	kaara	kaara												See Language page
Hup	cɔ̃hni (verb)	cɔ̃hni (verb)		inheritance		Proto-Nadahup				Also in Nadeb	Other complex	cɔ̃h (also 'left hand [side]') + ni 'be' (verbalizer)		See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?											Also ičapu; -hemereʔauki; tawaraʔa -'imaka.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hemach		dreams	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH always from 'sleep'	simplex			Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Ingá	muskui	muskui												See Language page
Iquito	maqu'++nita	mak'ɨɨnita (vb.)												See Language page
Itonama		metˀaʔčaʔke												See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	-bukarri- [ma-bu:.karren] (drr)			missing
Jaru	pankatya			inheritance						cf. Jam, pankiyaty
Jingulu	pankatya			inheritance
Kabiyari	tápu-ri (R01)	tápu-ri (R01)												See Language page
Kaingang	yãti; yãŋti; peti; piŋti (IDS)	yãti; yãŋti; peti; piŋti												See Language page
Kakataibo		na'ma-ti											kamɨ-ti, ka'mɨ-ti (dial.) 'to dream that others are dead'. Panoan nama-.	See Language page
Karajarri	pukarri manpa			inheritance
Karitiana	kaaj (vb.)	kaaj (vb.)												See Language page
Katukina		nama-												See Language page
Kawaiisu	nonoši-dy		dream	inheritance	*nosi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 717	derived, other complex			Zigmond et al. 1990
Kija	kuni			inheritance				WW	%kuni	or loan <Ngumpin?
Kiliwa	s-7+maa		dream something	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH always from 'sleep'	derived	smaa 'sleep'		Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	kwahkwačamuk		dream (v or n)	unknown						Serran only	reduplicated			Anderton 1988
Kokama	ukɨrɨaytsi	ukɨrɨajtsi												See Language page
Koreguaje	kãni ñañe	khãni ñañe												See Language page
Kotiria	kahara	kahara		unknown						Also: purîna				See Language page
Kwazá	wãwãwỹ-	wãwãwỹ-												See Language page
Lake Miwok	7úukuc		to dream	inheritance	*7ektu	Proto-Utian				Callaghan 1997:48	simplex	this is iterative of 7úkuc 'to dream once'		Callaghan 1965
Lengua		#NAME?												See Language page
Luiseño	putii'ish		dream (N)	unique							other complex			Elliott 1999
Maca		-c̷owoɬʔaχ												See Language page
Macaguan	míts	míts		inheritance		Proto-MSC					Simplex			See Language page
Maidu	nedí		dream	inheritance	*nedíh	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:365	simplex			Shipley 1963
Maihiki	ua bɨo cani ñiase ja	ua bɨo kani ñiase xã		unknown							Phrase			See Language page
Makiritare	wənētɨnə (IDS)	wəne:tɨnə		inheritance										See Language page
Makuna	wʉjo	wʉho												See Language page
Makushi	eʔmoronoʔpe	eʔmoronoʔpe		inheritance		Pemongan subgroup								See Language page
Mangala	karrpukarri-manarri (1)			inheritance
Mapudungun		pewma											Same in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	is	is												See Language page
Miriwung	kuni			inheritance				WW	%kuni
Mocoví		re-ʔgemata												See Language page
Mojave	sumaa=k		to dream	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH always from 'sleep'				Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		tami'ñi												See Language page
Movima	ɓeisi-kʷa	ɓeisi-kʷa												See Language page
Mudburra	kuni			loan			Miriwung	WW	%kuning	cf. Gajirrabeng kuning father;s dreaming			cf. Gajirrabeng kuning father;s dreaming
Muinane	tɨ́gahi ('to dream') (W97)	tɨ́gahi												See Language page
Murui Witoto	ɨnɨaɨ̀cɨ	ɯnɯaɯ̀kɯ (B83)												See Language page
Mutsun	7istu-n		to dream	inheritance	*7ektu	Proto-Utian				Callaghan 1997:48	derived			Okrand 1977
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʃ'ə:h (Martins dict)		inheritance										See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	muscui	muskui												See Language page
Ngarluma	maŋkan			unique
Ngumbarl	<boogarree>			inheritance
Nheengatu	ikerpi, kerupi (Casas2000)	ikerpi, kerupi (Casas2000)		unknown						Alternate: kerupi	Simplex			See Language page
Nimanburru	-bukarri- [ma-bu:.karen] (dr)			CHECK - verb not noun
Ninam	mãli taa	mãli taa		inheritance		Proto-Yanomamo					Phrase	mali also found in “sleep,” taa looks like some kind of light verb: “see,” “find,” “look at” and is an element in words for “accuse,” “weigh” “measure”		See Language page
Nisenan	nedi:		dream	inheritance	*nedíh	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:365	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		#NAME?												See Language page
Northern Emberá	kãĩ-mokara- (vb.) (IDS)	kãĩ-mokara- (vb.) (IDS)												See Language page
Northern Paiute	nose		to dream	inheritance	*nosi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 717	simplex			Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	7ukcu-		to dream	inheritance	*7ektu	Proto-Utian				Callaghan 1997:48	simplex			Callaghan 1987
Nyangumarta	kapukarri mana-(takes			inheritance
Nyikina	muruŋkurr			CHECK
Nyulnyul	-pukarr- [mapukaran]			CHECK - verb not noun
Ocaina	nohxáállo	noʔxáádʒo												See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		'kerasɨ; ke												See Language page
Paresi	kaijihini (v.); inijihini (n.)	kaitʃihini (v.); initʃihini (n.)												See Language page
Pemon	emoron, wetun (A1981); weknetɨ, weknepɨnötok (E1980)	weʔnɛtɨ, weʔnɛpɨnötɔk		Inheritance		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup				Alternate: weʔnɛpɨnötɔk, emoron, wetun				See Language page
Piapoco	dàpuli	dàpuli												See Language page
Piaroa	kohtɨ'kuéhɨh	kohtɨɁkuéhɨh												See Language page
Pilagá		di-čoʁon											Lit. '3pa-dream'.	See Language page
Plains Miwok	7ekcu-		to dream; to have a nightmare	inheritance	*7ektu	Proto-Utian				Callaghan 1997:48; a second cognate set yields *7ek:uc/ ? In Callaghan 1988:59	simplex			Callaghan 1984
Puinave	-yək; -yək-ɨi dik	-yək; -yək-ɨi dik												See Language page
Pumé	kʰanẽ-hʊ													See Language page
Páez	kšaʔw- (vb.)	kšaʔw- (vb.)												See Language page
Qawasqar		aseḳsor												See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	musquy (vb.) (CP94)	musquj												See Language page
Resígaro	tapóní-katsí	tapóní-katsí		inheritance		Proto North Arawak				Looks like an inherited complex form, but could be calqued/innovated	Derived	taponi = “to sleep,” -ka-tsi = abstract nominalizer		See Language page
Ritharrngu	bukaway			inheritance
Salinan A	(p)itca:lta/naxo		dream (v)	unknown							derived			Mason 1918
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		akwanmonkoma											Also alaɬkima; akwanmiskama.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		seŋwanmeeskama												See Language page
Sanumá	mani	mani												See Language page
Selknam		ṣ-kˀohr												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	comóozi		to dream	unknown							simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	kwahčumuk		to dream	unknown						Serran only	other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Shipibo-Konibo		nama-ti; oṣ̌a												See Language page
Sikuani	itamajitsipana	itamajitsipana		inheritance		Proto-MSC								See Language page
Siona	kɨyo	kɨjo												See Language page
Sirionó	eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã	eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã												See Language page
Southern Paiute	non:oc:i-pI		dreams	inheritance	*nosi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 717	derived, reduplicated			Sapir
Southern Sierra Miwok	7ukuHc-ngHe-		to dream	inheritance	*7ek:uc/	Proto-Utian				Callaghan 1988:59	other complex	vb		Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	nonosi		to dream	inheritance	*nosi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 717	simplex			Givon
Sáliva	pũdi	pũdi												See Language page
Tacana		tawi												See Language page
Tanimuca	o'o bã'kã	o'o bã'kã												See Language page
Tariana	tapu-rí	tapu-ɾí		inheritance		Proto North Arawak					Derived	-ɾí = object nominalization		See Language page
Tehuelche		k 'yōm-											'Soñar; ser tonto; bobo'.	See Language page
Tikuna	ia-tá (Alv44)	jaʔtá												See Language page
Tiriyó	ëtamorehtë	ǝtamorehtǝ												See Language page
Toba		de-čoʁon												See Language page
Trinitario		-wop'rereʔi												See Language page
Tukano	kẽ'ê (v.)	kẽʔê (v.)	dream (v.)	unknown										See Language page
Tuyuka	wʉgoá	wʉgoá												See Language page
Tübatulabal	tummūka		to dream	inheritance	*ty-mukki	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 714; noun is untummūkappül 135	simplex	root; complex diachronically only		K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	nopusama		dream	unknown						Central Numic only, Stubbs 718	compound	no- as IP?? Incorp?		Dayley 1989
Urarina	kusenia	kusenia												See Language page
Wai Wai	woso (vb.)			inheritance										See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	ineh, inin (vb.)	ineh, inin (vb.)												See Language page
Walmajarri	winkirr			unique
Waorani	wĩĩ-bõ			unique							Other complex	bõ 'sleep'		See Language page
Wapishana	kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n	kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n		unknown							Other Complex	-ĩĩa-n looks like some sort of "reflexive"/self-action suffix		See Language page
Wappo	hinčóhme		to dream (lit. sleep-go)	inheritance	7in 'sleep', ko7 'go'	Proto-Yukian					compound			Sawyer 1965
Wardaman	porre			missing
Wari	piʔam toheiŋ (Sousa2009)	piʔam toheiŋ (Sousa2009)												See Language page
Warrwa	-warri-			inheritance
Washo	gumsu7ú7uš		to dream	unknown							other complex	kM- 'impersonal reflexive' WHJ 544		Washo Project Dictionary
Waurá	k-isẽpũ	k-isẽpũ												See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?												See Language page
Wayana	ëhëtihe	ǝhǝtihe												See Language page
Wayuu		ľapɨ												See Language page
Western Mono	nosidabi-		to dream	inheritance	*nosi	Numic				Stubbs 2011 717	compound	dream-lie.down		Loether & Bethel 1993
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		tahʷi'ɬan											Verbal form. Noun is -hʷi'ɬek.	See Language page
Wintu	yečew		to dream	inheritance	*yečew	Proto-Wintun				Shepherd 2006:203	simplex			Schlichter 1981
Yagua	mãryĩsãda	mãrjĩsãda												See Language page
Yaminahua		nama-kĩ												See Language page
Yan-nhangu	bukaway			inheritance
Yanomam	mahaɾi	mahaɾi		inheritance		Proto-Yanomamo					Simplex			See Language page
Yanomami	maharishi (MM07)	mahariʃi (MM07)		inheritance		Proto-Yanomamo					Derived	mahari, “to dream” + some kind of nominalizer?		See Language page
Yavapai	tsmá:či		dream	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH always from 'sleep'	simplex			Shaterian 1983
Yavitero	tahuni	tahuni												See Language page
Yawuru	bukarrikarra			loan into protolanguage			Pama-Nyungan	WW	%bukarri
Yine		hipnawata												See Language page
Yir-Yoront	pitharr		dream (a personage in a dream)	inheritance	*picarra	pPaman				At least as far south as Gumbainggir and Muruwari
Yokuts Palewyami	an-nat'-wel-ti'		a dream	inheritance		Proto-Yokutsan					derived			Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawelmani	7anaTh-wal		dream	inheritance	*7anaTh	Proto-Yokuts				Whistler & Golla 356; I think may be related to Chumashan 7antap	derived			Golla 1964
Yuki	7inam		to dream	inheritance	*inam	Proto-North Yukian					simplex	cf. 7inkit 'sleep' 311		Schlichter 1985
Yukpa	tükremá													See Language page
Yukuna	tapú	tapú		inheritance		Proto North Arawak					Simplex			See Language page
Yulparija	kapukurriwa			inheritance
Záparo	mak+nu	makɨnu												See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Bare
Barí
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gooniyandi
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jingulu
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Karajarri
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wardaman
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yine
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yulparija
Záparo

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