Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

dream

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
sueño, soñar
Meaning Portuguese
sonho, sonhar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla tet'ayaw to dream inheritance *ty7a Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1798 simplex root Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño tu'uyu to dream inheritance *ty7a Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1798 simplex root Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño putii'ish dream (N) unique other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino hoo-hoo-war-ră-wēCH dream unique other complex, reduplicated Merriam 49:113
Serrano kwahčumuk to dream unknown Serran only other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk kwahkwačamuk dream (v or n) unknown Serran only reduplicated Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal tummūka to dream inheritance *ty-mukki Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 714; noun is untummūkappül 135 simplex root; complex diachronically only K. Hill Tb>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu nonoši-dy dream inheritance *nosi Numic Stubbs 2011 717 derived, other complex Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi nonosI dream inheritance *nosi Numic Stubbs 2011 717 simplex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute non:oc:i-pI dreams inheritance *nosi Numic Stubbs 2011 717 derived, reduplicated Sapir
Southern Ute nonosi to dream inheritance *nosi Numic Stubbs 2011 717 simplex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone nopusama dream unknown Central Numic only, Stubbs 718 compound no- as IP?? Incorp? Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone na-puisaih, na-pusaih to dream unknown Stubbs 2011 718; Central Numic only derived Crapo 1976
Comanche nabUsi7aipY dream (N) unknown Central Numic only, Stubbs 718 derived, other complex Robinson & Armagost 1990
Western Mono nosidabi- to dream inheritance *nosi Numic Stubbs 2011 717 compound dream-lie.down Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute nose to dream inheritance *nosi Numic Stubbs 2011 717 simplex Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ukuHc-ngHe- to dream inheritance *7ek:uc/ Proto-Utian Callaghan 1988:59 other complex vb Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok 7ukču- to dream, dream about inheritance *7ektu Proto-Utian Callaghan 1997:48 simplex Freeland & Broadbent
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ukcu- to dream inheritance *7ektu Proto-Utian Callaghan 1997:48 simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok 7ekcu- to dream; to have a nightmare inheritance *7ektu Proto-Utian Callaghan 1997:48; a second cognate set yields *7ek:uc/ ? In Callaghan 1988:59 simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok 7úukuc to dream inheritance *7ektu Proto-Utian Callaghan 1997:48 simplex this is iterative of 7úkuc 'to dream once' Callaghan 1965
Maidu nedí dream inheritance *nedíh Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:365 simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan nedi: dream inheritance *nedíh Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:365 simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani 7anaTh-wal dream inheritance *7anaTh Proto-Yokuts Whistler & Golla 356; I think may be related to Chumashan 7antap derived Golla 1964
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami an-nat'-wel-ti' a dream inheritance Proto-Yokutsan derived Berman 2002
Washo gumsu7ú7uš to dream unknown other complex kM- 'impersonal reflexive' WHJ 544 Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu yečew to dream inheritance *yečew Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:203 simplex Schlichter 1981
Yuki 7inam to dream inheritance *inam Proto-North Yukian simplex cf. 7inkit 'sleep' 311 Schlichter 1985
Wappo hinčóhme to dream (lit. sleep-go) inheritance *7in 'sleep', *ko7 'go' Proto-Yukian compound Sawyer 1965
Mutsun 7istu-n to dream inheritance *7ektu Proto-Utian Callaghan 1997:48 derived Okrand 1977
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A (p)itca:lta/naxo dream (v) unknown derived Mason 1918
Salinan M missing missing
Chumash Obispeno missing missing
Chumash Ineseno missing missing
Chumash Barbareno 7atišwič dream (V) inheritance Proto-Central Chumash derived Beeler 1978
Chumash Ventureno 7atišwič to dream inheritance Proto-Central Chumash derived 7atišwiN 'charmstone' verbalized Mamet 2008
Iipay 'Aa hemach dreams inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH always from 'sleep' simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa šma:p to dream inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH always from 'sleep' simplex Crawford 1989
Mojave sumaa=k to dream inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH always from 'sleep' Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai tsmá:či dream inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH always from 'sleep' simplex Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa s-7+maa dream something inheritance Proto-Yuman JHH always from 'sleep' derived smaa 'sleep' Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) comóozi to dream unknown simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Nheengatu ikerpi, kerupi (Casas2000) ikerpi, kerupi (Casas2000) unknown Alternate: kerupi Simplex See Language page
Waorani wĩĩ-bõ unique Other complex bõ 'sleep' See Language page
Hodï apui apui unique Simplex See Language page
Yanomami maharishi (MM07) mahariʃi (MM07) inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Derived mahari, “to dream” + some kind of nominalizer? See Language page
Yanomam mahaɾi mahaɾi inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page
Ninam mãli taa mãli taa inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Phrase mali also found in “sleep,” taa looks like some kind of light verb: “see,” “find,” “look at” and is an element in words for “accuse,” “weigh” “measure” See Language page
Kotiria kahara kahara unknown Also: purîna See Language page
Cubeo vʉo vʉo missing See Language page
Tukano kẽ'ê (v.) kẽʔê (v.) dream (v.) unknown See Language page
Desano wʉja wʉha missing See Language page
Maihiki ua bɨo cani ñiase ja ua bɨo kani ñiase xã unknown Phrase See Language page
Hup cɔ̃hni (verb) cɔ̃hni (verb) inheritance Proto-Nadahup Also in Nadeb Other complex cɔ̃h (also 'left hand [side]') + ni 'be' (verbalizer) See Language page
Dâw xuúp xǔp missing See Language page
Sikuani itamajitsipana itamajitsipana inheritance Proto-MSC See Language page
Macaguan míts míts inheritance Proto-MSC Simplex See Language page
Pemon emoron, wetun (A1981); weknetɨ, weknepɨnötok (E1980) weʔnɛtɨ, weʔnɛpɨnötɔk Inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Alternate: weʔnɛpɨnötɔk, emoron, wetun See Language page
Akawaio enekpöknödok ɛnɛʔpöknödɔk unknown See Language page
Makushi eʔmoronoʔpe eʔmoronoʔpe inheritance Pemongan subgroup See Language page
Eñepa wïche'pë'në (MM); učepətɨ-n (IDS) wïtʃeʔpëʔnë (MM); utʃepətɨ-n (IDS inheritance Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup Alternate: utʃepətɨ-n See Language page
Yukuna tapú tapú inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex See Language page
Tariana tapu-rí tapu-ɾí inheritance Proto North Arawak Derived -ɾí = object nominalization See Language page
Wapishana kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n kʰa-ẓanˀdaʔautʰ-ĩĩa-n unknown Other Complex -ĩĩa-n looks like some sort of "reflexive"/self-action suffix See Language page
Baniwa #NAME? #NAME? inheritance Proto North Arawak Other Complex hitápu-ni=- dream-nonpossessed See Language page
Resígaro tapóní-katsí tapóní-katsí inheritance Proto North Arawak Looks like an inherited complex form, but could be calqued/innovated Derived taponi = “to sleep,” -ka-tsi = abstract nominalizer See Language page
Yir-Yoront pitharr dream (a personage in a dream) inheritance *picarra pPaman At least as far south as Gumbainggir and Muruwari
Ngumbarl <boogarree> inheritance
Burarra borrtyeka unique
Nimanburru -bukarri- [ma-bu:.karen] (dr) CHECK - verb not noun
Jabirr-Jabirr -bukarri- [ma-bu:.karren] (drr) missing
Yawuru bukarrikarra loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan WW %bukarri
Yan-nhangu bukaway inheritance
Ritharrngu bukaway inheritance
Gupapuyngu bukaway inheritance
Gumatj bukaway inheritance
Dhuwal bukaway inheritance
Dhay’yi buku-wayaŋin inheritance
Nyangumarta kapukarri mana-(takes inheritance
Yulparija kapukurriwa inheritance
Mangala karrpukarri-manarri (1) inheritance
Djinang mabugi loan based on presence of prefix
Ngarluma maŋkan unique
Nyikina muruŋkurr CHECK
Nyulnyul -pukarr- [mapukaran] CHECK - verb not noun
Karajarri pukarri manpa inheritance
Bardi puwarra inheritance
Warrwa -warri- inheritance
Walmajarri winkirr unique
Mudburra kuni loan Miriwung WW %kuning cf. Gajirrabeng kuning father;s dreaming cf. Gajirrabeng kuning father;s dreaming
Jaru pankatya inheritance cf. Jam, pankiyaty
Gurindji kuni loan direction unknown WW %kuning
Gooniyandi kuni loan direction unknown WW %kuning
Bunuba yatyili- inheritance VERB
Djapu bukaway inheritance
Kija kuni inheritance WW %kuni or loan <Ngumpin?
Miriwung kuni inheritance WW %kuni
Jingulu pankatya inheritance
Wardaman porre missing
Achagua súlinideriu 'to dream' súlinideriu 'to dream' See Language page
Piapoco dàpuli dàpuli See Language page
Kabiyari tápu-ri (R01) tápu-ri (R01) See Language page
Yavitero tahuni tahuni See Language page
Bare u u See Language page
Wayuu ľapɨ See Language page
Yine hipnawata See Language page
Paresi kaijihini (v.); inijihini (n.) kaitʃihini (v.); initʃihini (n.) See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? Also ičapu; -hemereʔauki; tawaraʔa -'imaka. See Language page
Trinitario -wop'rereʔi See Language page
Waurá k-isẽpũ k-isẽpũ See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ki'pi-nu See Language page
Bora tuwa (to dream) tʰɯkwa See Language page
Muinane tɨ́gahi ('to dream') (W97) tɨ́gahi See Language page
Apalai senety senetɨ See Language page
Wayana ëhëtihe ǝhǝtihe See Language page
Carijona eseneti (M2000) See Language page
Tiriyó ëtamorehtë ǝtamorehtǝ See Language page
Makiritare wənētɨnə (IDS) wəne:tɨnə inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai woso (vb.) inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari ineh, inin (vb.) ineh, inin (vb.) See Language page
Yukpa tükremá See Language page
Barí borog'barina See Language page
Northern Emberá kãĩ-mokara- (vb.) (IDS) kãĩ-mokara- (vb.) (IDS) See Language page
Epena kʰãi-mokʰaraa- See Language page
Cofán ayo'o ajoʔo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Páez kšaʔw- (vb.) kšaʔw- (vb.) See Language page
Tikuna ia-tá (Alv44) jaʔtá See Language page
Urarina kusenia kusenia See Language page
Pumé kʰanẽ-hʊ See Language page
Puinave -yək; -yək-ɨi dik -yək; -yək-ɨi dik See Language page
Ashuar kárim ('your dream') kárim ('your dream') See Language page
Huambisa kaara kaara See Language page
Aguaruna kaha; kahi (v.) kaha; kahi (v.) See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃ'ə:h (Martins dict) inheritance See Language page
Matses is is See Language page
Kakataibo na'ma-ti kamɨ-ti, ka'mɨ-ti (dial.) 'to dream that others are dead'. *Panoan *nama-. See Language page
Katukina nama- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo nama-ti; oṣ̌a See Language page
Yaminahua nama-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo nama- nama- See Language page
Yagua mãryĩsãda mãrjĩsãda See Language page
Ingá muskui muskui See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua muscui muskui See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano musquy (vb.) (CP94) musquj See Language page
Piaroa kohtɨ'kuéhɨh kohtɨɁkuéhɨh See Language page
Sáliva pũdi pũdi See Language page
Carapana wʉgoarique wʉgoarike See Language page
Makuna wʉjo wʉho See Language page
Tanimuca o'o bã'kã o'o bã'kã See Language page
Tuyuka wʉgoá wʉgoá See Language page
Koreguaje kãni ñañe khãni ñañe See Language page
Siona kɨyo kɨjo See Language page
Karitiana kaaj (vb.) kaaj (vb.) See Language page
Kokama ukɨrɨaytsi ukɨrɨajtsi See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? See Language page
Aché ikẽ pou See Language page
Chiriguano -payu; -pau See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní 'kerasɨ; ke See Language page
Sirionó eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã eke; ekerei̯kʷã ~ ekerai̯kʷã See Language page
Ocaina nohxáállo noʔxáádʒo See Language page
Murui Witoto ɨnɨaɨ̀cɨ ɯnɯaɯ̀kɯ (B83) See Language page
Sanumá mani mani See Language page
Iquito maqu'++nita mak'ɨɨnita (vb.) See Language page
Záparo mak+nu makɨnu See Language page
Wari piʔam toheiŋ (Sousa2009) piʔam toheiŋ (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona tawi-ba Lit. 'sleep-see'. 04.610. See Language page
Ese Ejja xa-kawi-ɓaki-nahe See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-kawi e-kawi See Language page
Tacana tawi See Language page
Cavineña tawi-ho-ya (tawi is "sleep") tawi-ho-ya See Language page
Central Aymara iki See Language page
Cayuvava bete; beβeta See Language page
Itonama metˀaʔčaʔke See Language page
Kwazá wãwãwỹ- wãwãwỹ- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané tami'ñi See Language page
Movima ɓeisi-kʷa ɓeisi-kʷa See Language page
Kaingang yãti; yãŋti; peti; piŋti (IDS) yãti; yãŋti; peti; piŋti See Language page
Djeoromitxi nõtenõ nõtenõ See Language page
Chipaya wiy-a Cf. 'night' 14.420. See Language page
Mocoví re-ʔgemata See Language page
Pilagá di-čoʁon Lit. '3pa-dream'. See Language page
Toba de-čoʁon See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akwanmonkoma Also alaɬkima; akwanmiskama. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet seŋwanmeeskama See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tahʷi'ɬan Verbal form. Noun is -hʷi'ɬek. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -fʷexlyen ~ -fʷixlyen See Language page
Maca -c̷owoɬʔaχ See Language page
Nivaclé #NAME? See Language page
Ayoreo ĩĩ'karã See Language page
Mapudungun pewma Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar aseḳsor See Language page
Selknam ṣ-kˀohr See Language page
Tehuelche k 'yōm- 'Soñar; ser tonto; bobo'. See Language page