Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

grave

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tumba, sepultura, sepulcro
Meaning Portuguese
sepultura, sepulcro, cova

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla kuyva7al graveyard inheritance *ku7way Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 322 derived, other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño yuv-vēl-yahsh yevilya7ash grave unique derived, other complex Merriam 48:
Luiseño taaxanash cemetery, grave inheritance Cupan only; Harrington collected taxanish 'cemetery' for Cupeno (3:130:140) derived, other complex Eliott 1999
Gabrielino nah-heCH'; nah-hah'-met-sut grave in ground unique other complex Merriam (McCawley 1996)
Serrano tār'vert want'-kan-neetch; moktCH, mo'ke-haht'r, moo-ke-hat 'burial place' earth dug out, grave unique phrase Merriam 48:189, 191
Kitanemuk nahkamea7nic cemetery unique derived, other complex
Tübatulabal tusshikāl grave, unique tūshikal 'burial place' other complex K. Hill Tub>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim tow-wet'te cemetery inheritance *tywi- Takic Stubbs 2011 1799 wo-haht' (burying? 'grave' at 201) other complex Merriam 49:199
Kawaiisu nywy-no7o-vy graveyard unique compound, other complex person-pregnant???-ABS Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi nyngkupI grave inheritance *ku7way Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 322 compound, other complex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute missing missing
Southern Ute nuuwachipI grave, funeral, burial unique compound, other complex Charney
Tümpisa Shoshone nakuuttyah grave inheritance *ku7way Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 322 derived nakuuh 'be buried' Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone naku-ppyh grave inheritance *ku7way Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 322 derived Crapo 1976
Comanche nypykapy grave inheritance *ku7way Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 322 metathesis compound R
Western Mono tyja grave inheritance *tywi Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1799 simplex Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute toohewepe tuhiwipi grave unique derived toohewe 'dig' Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok ha:me-, hame:j-aH grave unique jam:eH- Yosemite simplex Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok missing missing
Northern Sierra Miwok peTa:ja- cemetery, grave unique possible Miss cognates mean 'to drop', 'to lose' -- semantics??? simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok moko:ja- grave, graveyard unique simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok 7ále grave inheritance *7al:é- bury Proto-Western Miwok Callaghan 1970:87 simplex 7álle 'to bury' Callaghan 1965
Maidu wónowonòm májdy támky burial ground unique tam 'bury' Shipley 1961:50 phrase Shipley 1963
Nisenan missing missing
Yokuts Yawelmani poCH grave in ground unknown also kahn'-leu (Merriam 44:537; luk'o:l-uwo:l 'cemetery, place for burying one another' Newman 1944:167; loo-ko-loo'-sĕl 'grave in ground' Porterville Merriam 44:459 simplex *luk'ul 'bury' Merriam 44:197
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami taw'-lo grave in ground, dug by women with digging stick unknown derived Berman 2002
Washo missing missing
Wintu q'i:laq grave inheritance *q'ilaq Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:162 derived from q'i:l 'to smear mud' Schlichter 1981
Yuki pēt grave in ground (CHM) unknown simplex Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Wappo helhu:téyu place of a grave fire, funeral pyre unknown compound hel'fire Sawyer 1965
Mutsun hura:ni, hu:rani grave hole unknown Merriam confirms 39:109 'grave in ground' derived hura- to dig a grave 259 Okrand 1977
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A missing missing
Salinan M t'kama/tl' shallow grave unknown derived Mason 1918
Chumash Obispeno missing missing
Chumash Ineseno missing missing
Chumash Barbareno 7ut'imay'mu graveyard, burial place unknown 7uš7eš 'grave' < dig-RESLT Mithun 1997:230 derived utimay 'to bury' Wash 2001
Chumash Ventureno 7usc'ïmïčmu burial ground unknown Merriam 38:31 on-moi grave (lying place? JHH) derived ts'ïmïN 'cloud' Mamet 2008:52 Harrington 1974
Iipay 'Aa 7epemall graveyard unknown kem-me 'grave' CHM 38:223 derived Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa (mşapás) LypawnYá:r grave unique phrase 7u:nyár 'to bury' Crawford 1989
Mojave tuunyéechve grave, burial place unknown see 'cremate' derived tuunyee 'light a fire, cremate"-ch-ve Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai pà:tmārčò: grave unknown derived Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa mat h+nuq grave unknown phrase earth dig Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) ziix hacx cmiih quih hant an iihom grave (lugar en que esta el cadaver) unknown phrase coom Moser & Marlett 2005
Waorani wodi-do (IDS) unique See Language page
Hodï konta'ta konta'ta unique Simplex See Language page
Kotiria masa kopa masa kopa Calque common among Vaupes languages, different forms in ET Compound masa=people; kopa=hole See Language page
Cubeo jobocobe hobokobɛ unique Compound earth-hole' See Language page
Tukano masâ pee masâ pe: Calque common among Vaupes languages, different forms in ET Compound person hole See Language page
Maihiki tãĩ dadi jã, tãse tɨ̃tɨ ja tai dari xã, tãse tɨ̃tɨ xã unknown Also: tãse tɨ̃tɨ xã Other complex tãĩ=??; dadi=place, site. See Language page
Hup hod (hole) hod (hole) unique Compound person hole See Language page
Dâw dâw nũr dəw nũh missing See Language page
Makushi uuruwai uuruwai unknown See Language page
Eñepa mu'nan (MM); t-yaka eʔɲapa munta-tɔʔ (IDS) muʔnan (MM); t-yaka eʔɲapa munta-tɔʔ unknown Alternate: t-yaka eʔɲapa munta-tɔʔ See Language page
Yukuna liri liɾi inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex See Language page
Wapishana ˀbaranai ˀbaranai unknown See Language page
Baniwa iríri iɻíɻi inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex See Language page
Resígaro nigínoo-mú nigínoo-mú loan direction unknown Bora Simplex mu is “tube-shaped” classifier See Language page
Yir-Yoront palt earth, earth as place of burial unique
Yan-nhangu baṉmarra-ŋayipul unique
Dhay’yi bu:tha unique
Gumatj gapany unique
Ngumbarl jimbin semantic shift
Yulparija kantiliny loan direction unknown Mangala
Mangala kantiliny loan direction unknown Yulparija
Djinang mulu unique
Dhuwal munatha(') semantic shift
Dhangu munatha(') semantic shift
Karajarri pirri unique
Ngarluma thuŋkari inheritance
Bardi tyarrkantiny unique
Nyangumarta tyuŋkarri loan Pilbara
Gupapuyngu wurramu loan Makassar
Walmajarri ngarpunyalangu doubtful inheritance grave for bones; <ngarpu 'father' + ? grave for bones; <ngarpu 'father' + ?
Mudburra tarlukurru loan direction unknown also hole also hole
Gurindji kurrku loan Jaru hole in ground; Jaru kurrku nyina bumpy road; also nakurr hole in ground; Jaru kurrku nyina bumpy road; also nakurr
Djapu munatha(7) semantic shift
Jingulu lakutpipi inheritance burial <lakut 'bury; complex
Wardaman kontyon doubtful inheritance also ground;yimurrum graveyard
Piapoco càliculìi kàlikulìi See Language page
Kabiyari rííri (R01) rííri (R01) See Language page
Yavitero hihita-kade 'bury-place' hihita-kade 'bury-place' See Language page
Yine yomľe See Language page
Paresi exawatyakala, xawatyakalati eʃawatyakala, ʃawatyakalati See Language page
Ignaciano ekari See Language page
Trinitario 'ekori; ekorosi See Language page
Waurá wakapɨ wakapɨ See Language page
Cha'palaa pan'dʸun Also 'uh'kun 'tu-'huru, lit. 'corpse ground-hole'. See Language page
Bora níjkyeé nixkʰjeé See Language page
Muinane cɨ́ɨ́hójɨ (W97) kɨ́ɨ́ʔóxɨ See Language page
Wai Wai iyočho y-ewta-rɨ ijočho j-ewta-rɨ missing See Language page
Yukpa jünkapo, súkape, tonare jɨnkapo, súkape, tonare See Language page
Northern Emberá beu-a'ra (IDS) beu-a'ra (IDS) See Language page
Epena 'hãɨra Refers to cemetery. See Language page
Cofán atuʔtti atuʔthi phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Páez peda-ni kaΦ ('bury-hole') peda-ni kaΦ ('bury-hole') See Language page
Tikuna náma-ûn (Alv44) námaʔun See Language page
Andoke nihǝ(üw) (RW52) See Language page
Pumé pʰatɛ puɛ See Language page
Puinave wat-yek wat-yek See Language page
Ashuar jakáu iwiársamuri hakáu iwiársamuri See Language page
Aguaruna u'kumas-bau u'kumas-bau See Language page
Katukina šanɨ̃ See Language page
Yaminahua mai-a-βo ano Lit. 'earth-past perfect-plural + place'. See Language page
Chácobo hawɨ-mai (literally "his earth", hawe means "his", mai means "earth") hawɨ-mai (literally "his earth", hawe means "his", mai means "earth") See Language page
Yagua bapyo bapjo See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano aya-p'ukru, aya-uchku (CP94) aja-p'ukru, aja-uchku See Language page
Piaroa wahtmeh wahtmeh See Language page
Tuyuka masãcope masãkope See Language page
Siona tã yiha; tã kˀohe tã yiha; tã kˀohe See Language page
Wayampi t-ɨwɨ-kwa (Lit. 'earth-hole') t-ɨwɨ-kwa (Lit. 'earth-hole') See Language page
Aché peče-pɨre ẽdatɨ See Language page
Chiriguano ɲõti-a See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní t-ɨvɨ See Language page
Ocaina tyaráhfo tjaráʔɸo See Language page
Araona mec̷i See Language page
Cavineña e-maho-kani (Literally "possesive-corpse hole" (e-maho is "corpse" and kani is "hole")) e-maho-kani See Language page
Central Aymara amaya See Language page
Cayuvava i'pãteo See Language page
Itonama makulana See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané eruyætk'hin See Language page
Movima koača koatʃa See Language page
Kaingang wɛ̃ɲ-key; key (IDS) wɛ̃ɲ-key; key See Language page
Djeoromitxi korekõ korekõ See Language page
Chipaya [sipultura] From Span. 'sepultura'. See Language page
Mocoví ni-šin-ḳaʔ Lit. '3p possessor-bury-open space'. See Language page
Pilagá ne-sen-aḳaʔ Lit. '3pp-bury-open space'. See Language page
Toba n-wačiki See Language page
Lengua takhathpup See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité takhaɬpop See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet takhaaɬop See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tˀu See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja ano (f.) See Language page
Maca nimeɬuk (f.) Neologism. See Language page
Nivaclé #NAME? See Language page
Ayoreo du'k-oode Also 'oode. See Language page
Mapudungun eltun See Language page
Qawasqar ḳeyer-ḳstay From Ag. Bo records kawakwer for Central QWS. Cf. 'bury' 04.780. See Language page