Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

horse

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: caballo
Meaning Portuguese: cavalho

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Achagua	Equus caballus	éema (=tapir)	éema (=tapir)														See Language page
Aguaruna	Equus caballus	[kawayu]	[kawayu]														See Language page
Akawaio	Equus caballus	kawaree	kaware		loan		Portuguese	Portuguese	cavalho								See Language page		0	0		0				0	0
Apalai	Equus caballus	kawaru	kawaru														See Language page
Ashuar	Equus caballus	kawai (Sp.)	kawai (Sp.)														See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	Equus caballus	kah-bi'-ah		Horse	loan			Spanish	Spanish caballo	WW	%caballo	same	underived				C. H. Merriam 60-453		0	0		0				0	0				no
Bardi	Equus caballus	yaawarda	yaawarda		loan			Kriol?	WW	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Baure	Equus caballus	kowoiy	kowoij														See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	Equus caballus	punku		horse	semantic shift	*puNku/pukku	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 38 (2008:43)			broader (can include other domestic animals)	underived				Crapo 1976:143		0	0		0				0	0				no
Bora	Equus caballus	ɨɨ́ju (T98) (also = anteater; mule)	ɨɨ́xu (also = anteater; mule)														See Language page
Bunuba	Equus caballus	yawada	yawada		loan			Marrngu	WW from SW Aus 'kangaroo sp'	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Burarra	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Cahuilla	Equus caballus	pásukat	ˈpasukat	horse	semantic shift	*pa-suka-	Takic		S788:139 “elk”; horse only in Cahuilla, Gabrielino			same	derived	pa-suka-t big-deer-non.possessed.noun (Seiler & Hioki gloss pa- as “water” but they didn't know about homophonous “big” with good UA etymologies)	-7aʃ "pet"	-7ash for animals	Seiler & Hioki 1979:141	no info	0	0	at least not lately	no info	Not collected	N/A	N/A	0	0	surely bought and sold	Global	with humans	no
Cavineña	Equus caballus	kawayo (from the Spanish "caballo")	kawayo														See Language page
Central Aymara	Equus caballus	kawallo (P04)	kawallo (P04)														See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	Equus caballus	kawá:ju-		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Freeland & Broadbent 1960		0	0		0				0	0				no
Chemehuevi	Equus caballus	war-ar-av, wahr-rav		Horse	loan			Mojave	Zigmond says similar Kawaiisu form is from Mojave 'ahat va'oolve (the latter element from Spanish el burro)			same	underived				Merriam 59:525		0	0		0				0	0				no
Chumash Barbareno	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Chumash Ineseno	Equus caballus	missing			inheritance								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Chumash Obispeno	Equus caballus	kawaju		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Harrington III:1:0122		0	0		0				0	0				no
Chumash Ventureno	Equus caballus	kawaju		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Mamet 2008:47		0	0		0				0	0				no
Cocopa	Equus caballus	qwaqš		horse	unique				Could this possibly be ultimately from caballo??			same	underived				Crawford 1989		0	0		0				0	0				no
Comanche	Equus caballus	puukU		horse	semantic shift	*puNku/pukku	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 38 (2008:43)			same	underived				Rejon 1995:32		0	0		0				0	0				no
Cubeo	Equus caballus	caballo	cabaju		missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Cupeño	Equus caballus	kavaayu	kaˈva:ju	horse	loan			unknown				same	underived		-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:157	no info	0	0	(may have been eaten early on)	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0		global	with humans	no
Dhangu	Equus caballus	yarraman'	yarraman'		loan			areal		WW	%yarraman		simplex						0	0		0				0	0				no
Dhay’yi	Equus caballus	missing			missing														0	0		0				0	0				no
Dhuwal	Equus caballus	yarraman'	dya:rraŋ		inheritance								simplex						0	0		0				0	0				no
Djapu	Equus caballus	yarraman7	yarraman7		loan					WW	%yarraman								0	0		0				0	0
Djinang	Equus caballus	yarraman	yarraman		loan			areal		WW	%yarraman		simplex						0	0		0				0	0				no
Dâw	Equus caballus	kabal	kabal		missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Esselen	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Gabrielino	Equus caballus	ah-chah'-che	ʔaˈʔaʧin	also kava:yo' Harrington 528,	inheritance	*7aCti-	Takic		S39; technically not an inherited word for “horse”, but “horse” became prototypical domestic animal throughout Takic, so this is NOT a nonce formation but probably dates to 18th C			broader (term just means “his domestic animal”)	other complex	ʔa-ˈʔaʧi-n its-pet-possessed	-ʔaʧ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n415/mode/2up; p. 419	no info	0	0	probably eaten in earliest period of exposure	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	I assume a market in horses once they were there	Global	with humans	no
Gajirrabeng	Equus caballus	yawardang	yawardang		loan			Ngarinyin	WW from SWA 'kangaroo' sp	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Gooniyandi	Equus caballus	dimana	dimana		loan			Jarragan	WW origin?	WW	%timana		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Gumatj	Equus caballus	yarraman'	yarraman'		inheritance								underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Gupapuyngu	Equus caballus	wutjpaḻina	dya:rraŋ		inheritance								simplex						0	0		0				0	0				no
Gurindji	Equus caballus	timana	timana		loan			Western Mirndi	WW	WW	%timana		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Guugu Yimidhirr	Equus caballus	yarraman	yarraman		loan				Languages to the south, via Kriol	WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0
Hodï	Equus caballus	[ʰkabayo]	[ʰkabayo]		missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Hup	Equus caballus	kawáyu [Pt loan]	kawáju [Pt loan]		loan			Portuguese					underived				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Iipay 'Aa	Equus caballus	ɂehatt		horse	semantic shift	*(č)-xat “dog”	Proto-Yuman as “dog”		Mixco 1978:83			broader (“pet”, includes dog)	underived				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		0	0		0				0	0				no
Ingá	Equus caballus	kaballu	kabaʎu														See Language page
Jaru	Equus caballus	yawada	yawada		loan			Marrngu	WW from SW	WW	%yawarta		uncoded						0	0		0				0	0				no
Jingulu	Equus caballus	timana	timana		loan			areal		WW	%timana		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Kaingang	Equus caballus	kãwru (Pt loan) (IDS)	kãwru (Pt loan) (IDS)														See Language page
Kakua	Equus caballus		~kâk-dɨ̌w=ni (person-carry-nmlz)		missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Karajarri	Equus caballus	yawada	yawada		loan			areal		WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Kariña	Equus caballus	kawari	kawari	horse													Yamada 2010:749														no
Kawaiisu	Equus caballus	woɁora-vi		horse	loan			Mojave	Zigmond et al. p. 293 says is from Mojave 'ahat va'oolve (the latter element from Spanish el burro)			same	other complex	wo'ora-vi horse-ABS			Zigmond et al.		0	0		0				0	0				no
Kija	Equus caballus	timanany	timanany		loan		W.Mirndi	areal	also yawartany	WW	%timana		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Kiliwa	Equus caballus	nay=t+tha?		horse	unique							same	phrase	child=pet??			Mixco 1985		0	0		0				0	0				no
Kitanemuk	Equus caballus	kavayoʔ	ˈkavayoʔ	horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived		-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Anderton 1988:346	no info	0	0		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0		global	with humans	no
Kokama	Equus caballus	kawariu	kawariu														See Language page
Koko-Bera	Equus caballus	yárrvmvn ~ kutéw	yárrvmvn ~ kutéw	horse ~ horse, dog	loan			languages to south and east	/kutéw/ as for dog; /yarrvmvn/ is loan	WW	%yarraman		simplex
Koreguaje	Equus caballus	cavacho	kawaʃu														See Language page
Kotiria	Equus caballus	cawalu	kawalu		missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Kuku-Thaypan	Equus caballus	ayarraman	ayarraman		loan			some southeastern language		WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Kuku-Yalanji	Equus caballus	yarraman	yarraman		loan					WW	%yarraman		underived				languages to the south		0	0		0				0	0				no
Kurtjar	Equus caballus	yardiman & ruaak	yardiman & ruaak		loan direction unknown				loan source is a language to the south; ruaak ('dog') is an inheritance < *kutaka	WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Kuuk Thaayorre	Equus caballus	yarrman; kuta-	yarrman; kuta-		loan			Languages to south and east	kuta 'dog' < *kutaka	WW	%yarraman		underived			Kuta 'dog' is the generic for domesticated animals			0	0		0				0	0				no
Kwazá	Equus caballus	mãru	mãru														See Language page
Lake Miwok	Equus caballus	káwaj		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Callaghan 1965		0	0		0				0	0				no
Lokono	Equus caballus	koadoa-kothiro	koadoa-kotʰiɾo	horse, hooved animal													Pet 1987:360														no
Luiseño	Equus caballus	kaváayu (H)	kaʹva:ju	horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived	loan			Elliott 1999:1477	no info	0	0		no	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Lu. bought and sold horses like everyone else in historic period	Americas	with humans	no
Maidu	Equus caballus	ly/kt'akym sy/, kawáju		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Shipley 1963		0	0		0				0	0				no
Mangala	Equus caballus	yawarta	yawarta		loan					WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Matses	Equus caballus	senadbiecquid	senadbiekkid														See Language page
Mbabaram	Equus caballus	dhayár(i) & yàrramán	dhayár(i) & yàrramán		loan			unknown	Both are loans; /yàrramán/ from some languge to the south.	WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Miriwung	Equus caballus	yawadang	yawadang		loan			Jaru	WW from SW Aus	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Mojave	Equus caballus	ɂahat (vaɂóolve)		horse	semantic shift	*(č)-xat “dog”	Proto-Yuman as “dog”		Mixco 1978:83 ; Maricoa qwaqt; (vaɂóolve) is from Spanish “el burro”			same	phrase	pet (dog) el.burro			Munro et al.1992		0	0		0				0	0				no
Movima	Equus caballus	kawayo (from Sp.) (J62)	kawajo														See Language page
Muinane	Equus caballus	jééjɨ (also = anteater; mule) (W97)	xééxɨ (also = anteater; mule)														See Language page
Muisca	Equus caballus	hycabai (from 'caballo')	hɨkabai (from 'caballo')														See Language page
Mutsun	Equus caballus	he-cham-ish		horse (this is the “pet” word JHH)	unique								other complex	-ish must be suffix, but can't find in Okrand			Merriam 55:407		0	0		0				0	0				no
Ngandi	Equus caballus	yaraman	yanuk		unknown					WW	%yarraman		simplex						0	0		0				0	0				no
Ngarinyin	Equus caballus	yawada	yawada		loan	*yawarta	proto-Worrorran	areal	WW	WW	%yawarta		uncoded						0	0		0				0	0				no
Ngarluma	Equus caballus	yawarta	yawarta		loan					WW	%yawarta								0	0		0				0	0
Nimanburru	Equus caballus	yawarda	yawarda		loan				WW	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Nisenan	Equus caballus	kawa:ju		Horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Uldall & Shipley 1966		0	0		0				0	0				no
Northern Emberá	Equus caballus	ka'wayo (loan caballo) (IDS)	ka'wayo (loan caballo) (IDS)														See Language page
Northern Paiute	Equus caballus	puku		Horse	semantic shift	*puNku	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 38 (2008:43); originally “dog, pet”			broader (also reported in a Merriam expression for “dog”; see Other Notes at “dog” above)	underived				Thornes 2003:107		0	0		0				0	0				no
Northern Sierra Miwok	Equus caballus	kawa:ju-		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Callaghan 1987		0	0		0				0	0				no
Nyangumarta	Equus caballus	yawarta	yawarta		loan			areal		WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Nyikina	Equus caballus	yawarda	yawarda		loan			areal	WW	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Nyulnyul	Equus caballus	yawad	yawad		loan			areal	WW	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Pakanh	Equus caballus	yarraman	yarraman		loan	*yarraman		Languages to the south		WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Piapoco	Equus caballus	cawáyu	kawáju														See Language page
Piaroa	Equus caballus	mu'úro'	muɁúroɁ														See Language page
Plains Miwok	Equus caballus	kawa:ju-		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Callaghan 1984		0	0		0				0	0				no
Puinave	Equus caballus	[kawayu]	[kawayu]														See Language page
Pumé	Equus caballus	yae															See Language page
Páez	Equus caballus	hiba	hiba														See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	Equus caballus	kawallu (CP94)	kawaʎu														See Language page
Rembarrnga	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Ritharrngu	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Salinan A	Equus caballus	kă-wah'-yo		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Merriam 55:369		0	0		0				0	0				no
Salinan M	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Seri (Comcaac)	Equus caballus	ziix hant quicáayot		animal, especially horse	unique							same	relative clause	lit. cosa que gatea			Comcaac Dictionary 624		0	0		0				0	0				no
Serrano	Equus caballus	-7a:ci7, kava:ju7 (22)		horse, possessed animal	inheritance	*7aci-	Takic		The Takic “pet” word, really does seem to be more common based on texts				underived				KCHill ms 2001:6		0	0		0				0	0				no
Sirionó	Equus caballus	tikʷasu (P85)	tikʷasu														See Language page
Southern Paiute	Equus caballus	qava		horse	loan			Spanish	Note that a horse owned by someone is pungku (the old “dog” word)	WW	%caballo	same	underived				Sapir 1930:632		0	0		0				0	0				no
Southern Sierra Miwok	Equus caballus	cymy7-jaH-; kawa:ju-		horse	unique								underived				Broadbent 1964:		0	0		0				0	0				no
Southern Ute	Equus caballus	kavá		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived				Givon 1979		0	0		0				0	0				no
Suyá	Equus caballus	rɔpčí	rɔpčí														See Language page
Sáliva	Equus caballus	efe	eɸe														See Language page
Tjaapukay	Equus caballus	yarraman	yarraman	horse	loan			Languages to the south		WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Tuyuka	Equus caballus	caballo	cabaju														See Language page
Tübatulabal	Equus caballus	pungkul	puŋˈgul	possessed animal or bird; dog; horse	inheritance	*puNku-	Uto-Aztecan		S38 (Stubbs 2009:43)			broader (this is “domestic animal, pet”)	other complex	puŋˈgu-l pet-npn			Hill 2010:75	no info	0	0		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0		global	with humans	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	Equus caballus	kapaayu		horse, queen (at cards)	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived				Dayley 1989:45		0	0		0				0	0				no
Uw-Olkol	Equus caballus	mewal; inha- & iyarraman	inha-mewal & iyarraman	horse	unique	*yarraman	languages to south		iyarraman < *yarraman	WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Uw-Oykangand	Equus caballus	iyarraman & amay; ud-	iyarraman & ud-amay	horse	loan	*yarraman		Languages to the south		WW	%yarraman		underived	ud 'dog' (for domesticated animal), amay 'big'					0	0		0				0	0				no
Wai Wai	Equus caballus	kawaru	kawaru														See Language page
Walmajarri	Equus caballus	dimana	dimana		loan			Western Mirndi	WW	WW	%timana		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Waorani	Equus caballus	[kabayo]			missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Wapishana	Equus caballus	kʰawaru	kʰawaru		loan			Portuguese									See Language page		0	0		0				0	0
Wappo	Equus caballus	kawa:yu		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Sawyer 1965		0	0		0				0	0				no
Wardaman	Equus caballus	nelu	nelu		unknown								uncoded						0	0		0				0	0				no
Warlpiri	Equus caballus	nantuwu	nantuwu, timana		loan			Arandic	WW from south	WW	%nantu		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Warrwa	Equus caballus	yawarda	yawarda		loan				WW	WW	%yawarta								0	0		0				0	0
Washo	Equus caballus	ka-wi-u		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Merriam 55:231		0	0		0				0	0				no
Waurá	Equus caballus	teme-ku'ma (tapir-?)	teme-ku'ma (tapir-?)														See Language page
Western Mono	Equus caballus	qawaayu'		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived				Bethel et al.:166	no info	0	0		no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0				no
Wik Ngathan	Equus caballus	missing	missing		missing														0	0		0				0	0				no
Wintu	Equus caballus	suku, sukuh		dog, horse	loan			no information	Same as “dog”				underived				Schlichter 1981		0	0		0				0	0				no
Worrorra	Equus caballus	yawarda	yawarda		loan	*yawarta	proto-Worrorran		WW	WW	%yawarta		uncoded						0	0		0				0	0				no
Wubuy	Equus caballus		tyaraŋu		semantic shift														0	0		0				0	0
Wunambal	Equus caballus	yowada	yowada		loan		proto-Worrorran		WW	WW	%yawarta								0	0		0				0	0				no
Yabarana	Equus caballus		kawajo														See Language page
Yagua	Equus caballus	caváñu	kaváɲu														See Language page
Yan-nhangu	Equus caballus	yarraman'	yarraman'		loan					WW	%yarraman		simplex						0	0		0				0	0				no
Yavapai	Equus caballus	ɂhát		horse	semantic shift	*(č)-xat “dog”	Proto-Yuman as “dog”		Mixco 1978:83				unknown				Shaterian 1983		0	0		0				0	0				no
Yavitero	Equus caballus	ka'wayu	kaʔwaju														See Language page
Yawuru	Equus caballus	yawarda	yawarda		loan				WW	WW	%yawarta		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Yidiny	Equus caballus	yarraman (TC)	yarraman (TC)		loan		languages to south			WW	%yarraman		underived						0	0		0				0	0				no
Yir-Yoront	Equus caballus	yarrvmvn & karntl; kurta-	yarrvmvn & kurta-karntl		loan			languages to south and east	(yarrvmvn)	WW	%yarraman		underived	kurta-karntl lit. 'big dog', with kurta as generic for domesticated mammalian spp					0	0		0				0	0				no
Yokuts Palewyami	Equus caballus	kawayuɂ		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived				Merriam 58:?		0	0		0				0	0				no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Equus caballus	missing			missing								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no
Yokuts Yowlumne	Equus caballus	gawa:yu'		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo	same	underived				Newman 1944:125		0	0		0				0	0				no
Yuki	Equus caballus	kawaye, kawayo A		horse	loan			Spanish		WW	%caballo		underived				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		0	0		0				0	0				no
Yukuna	Equus caballus	kawarú	kawarú		missing								missing				See Language page		0	0		0				0	0				no
Yuma	Equus caballus	missing			inheritance								missing						0	0		0				0	0				no


Achagua
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Ashuar
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Dhangu
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djapu
Djinang
Dâw
Esselen
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Guugu Yimidhirr
Hodï
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Jaru
Jingulu
Kaingang
Kakua
Karajarri
Kariña
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koko-Bera
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kuku-Thaypan
Kuku-Yalanji
Kurtjar
Kuuk Thaayorre
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Maidu
Mangala
Matses
Mbabaram
Miriwung
Mojave
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Mutsun
Ngandi
Ngarinyin
Ngarluma
Nimanburru
Nisenan
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Pakanh
Piapoco
Piaroa
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rembarrnga
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tjaapukay
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Uw-Olkol
Uw-Oykangand
Wai Wai
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wardaman
Warlpiri
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Western Mono
Wik Ngathan
Wintu
Worrorra
Wubuy
Wunambal
Yabarana
Yagua
Yan-nhangu
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yidiny
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukuna
Yuma

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