Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

cook food

Semantic Field
food
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla sex to cook (food in water) inheritance *soka Takic Stubbs 2011 525, might be loan from Lu, more likely just misheard simplex root Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño sexne to cook inheritance *soka Takic Stubbs 2011 525, might be loan from Lu; sixne? simplex root Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño qwa$o'i to cook, make ripen inheritance *kwasi/aC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 421 simplex root Elliott 1999
Gabrielino maynok kwa7i:vet make food unique phrase Hill Harrington notes
Serrano kwahān cook inheritance *kwasi/aC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 421 simplex root K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk kwahan cook (VT) inheritance *kwasi/aC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 421 simplex root Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal tükkikūy'at to cook loan Numic kātsat 'cook by boiling' other complex foor-? K. Hill Tb>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu kosi, kwasi to cook, roast over coals inheritance *kwasi/aC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 421 simplex root Zigmond et al. 1990
Chemehuevi tygu7uni cook unique derived maybe X-fire-do?? Not 'food' with /kk/ Press 1979
Southern Paiute missing missing
Southern Ute tyka-7ini-kH to cook, lit. 'make food' unique another food-make word compound, derived food-make Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone tukummahannih to cook unique compound ty-do.with.fire-make Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ku-hanni" to cook, roast unique compound fire-make Crapo 1976
Comanche kwasyty cook inheritance *kwasi/aC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 421 simplex Robinson & Armagost 1990
Western Mono kumajaa- to cook unique compound with.heat-use.hands Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute sa7a cook, boil, melt inheritance *sa7aC Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 267 simplex Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok kosen-peH cook loan Spanish WW %cocinar also kuk-nY- other complex st.1 Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok čy/:s, šy/:s- to cook unique simplex Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok 7okje- to do, make, build, prepare, fix, cook inheritance Proto-Eastern Miwok see Mip simplex Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok 7okje- to make, to cook inheritance Proto-Eastern Miwok see Mins simplex Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok tonónka to be done, to cook something inheritance *To:m- Proto-Miwokan Note Mins To:mu 'to boil over' (callaghan 1997:53; Callaghan 1965 notes Patwin tHó:no 'all burned up', tHóntàrò7 'to catch fire' derived Callaghan 1965
Maidu k'ápti cook (things) inheritance *k'áp' 'ripe' Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:364 derived k'âp 'ripe, get ripe, completely cooked, done Shipley 1963
Nisenan tokis cook (v., generic term) unique simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani hiSi cook inheritance *hish- Proto-Yokutsan see Palew form simplex Golla 1964
Yokuts Yawdanchi su-sah'-hah cooked unknown hēs'-sah 'cooked' (Porterville Merriam 44:443) derived extra syllable; same word as 'ripe' Merriam 44:343
Yokuts Palewyami his'-tah cooked (also means ripe) inheritance Proto-Yokutsan see Yawel derived Merriam 44:481
Washo dulé:k'ïl to cook unknown unknown almost certainly complex but I find no plausible formatives Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu Loma to cook inheritance *Lom-i/u Proto-Wintun Shepherd 2006:122 derived base is Lom Schlichter 1981
Yuki huy- cook inheritance *huy Proto-North Yukian also hąwąy yu7 food make S&S 51 simplex Schlichter 1985
Wappo k'ó-m'i7 to cook by boiling unknown compound Elmendorf 1993
Mutsun missing missing
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A atsatak (S) cook, make food unknown also nep 'cook' 144, (p)eskona 'cook' 145 simplex Mason 1918
Salinan M nαp< cook unknown simplex Mason 1918
Chumash Obispeno si-pšï cook thoroughly, ripen inheritance *pSel Proto-Chumashan tskiwisi cosió, he cooked JPH 3,1,0140 derived Klar 1977
Chumash Ineseno s-7ipšel to cook inheritance *pSel Proto-Chumashan simplex Klar 1977
Chumash Barbareno 7ipšel to cook (Beeler 175 'cooked') inheritance *pSel Proto-Chumashan simplex Klar 1977
Chumash Ventureno 7ipsïl to cook inheritance *pSel Proto-Chumashan simplex Klar 1977
Iipay 'Aa wellyully boils, cooks something inheritance Proto-Yuman see Mojave 7alyuuly simplex Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa nYawí: rar work for (someone), be occupied with, be at work on, cook, prepare (food to eat) inheritance *wi Proto-Yuman Mixco 1978:84 derived Crawford 1989
Mojave alyuuly=k cook, boil inheritance Proto-Yuman note Cocopa Lyu:mas 'pot' simplex Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai nwī:ri cook (sg.) inheritance *wi Proto-Yuman Mixco 1978:84 simplex Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa t-h+maa=kw+uu-y-tay cook inheritance *u:y < *wi Proto-Yuman Mixco 1978:84 compound food-make Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) camáma cook unknown simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Nheengatu memũi Inheritance *mimoin Proto-Tupi-Guarani Simplex See Language page
Waorani æ̃dõ Unique See Language page
Hodï kã'mĩũnãĩ Unique See Language page
Yanomami ɾɨpɨ-aɨ Inheritance Proto-Yanomami Alternate: ɾɨpɨpɾaɨ Simplex aɨ looks like some sort of verbal marker See Language page
Yanomam haɾi cook in pot Unknown Simplex See Language page
Ninam ɾɨpɨ Inheritance Proto-Yanomami Alternate: lupu ma Simplex See Language page
Kotiria doʔá inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Cubeo bóa-jɨ Unique Also: kĩkajɨ; xatɨójɨ Simplex See Language page
Tukano doʔá inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Also: daʔrâ baʔari tũku Simplex See Language page
Desano sora-ri Unknown Maybe cognate (or old loan?) Tanimuka Simplex See Language page
Maihiki kuako- inheritance Proto-West Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Hup cɨw- Inheritance Proto-HY Simplex See Language page
Dâw xa Unique Simplex See Language page
Sikuani hawa Unknown See Language page
Macaguan tset Unknown Simplex See Language page
Pemon tuma řintetok Unknown Maybe shared Makushi See Language page
Akawaio guibö Unique See Language page
Makushi rentɨ Unknown Maybe shared Pemon See Language page
Eñepa ëʔmehka Unknown Maybe shared Makiritare. Alternate: awa, mëhka, aʔmaka See Language page
Yukuna motoʔokahe Unknown Derived kahe 'type' - nominalizer? See Language page
Tariana jána Inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex See Language page
Wapishana warakʰa-n Inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex See Language page
Baniwa dzána Inheritance Proto Rio Negro Simplex See Language page
Resígaro akú Unknown Simplex See Language page
Yir-Yoront wur burn (vt) inheritance *wita ppNy Etymology (WD wita-) is underattested
Gumatj dhaḻ' CHECK
Ngarluma kampa inheritance
Karajarri kampanpa inheritance
Nyangumarta kukiman loan English
Gupapuyngu lhirrma7yun inheritance
Dhuwal ḻirrthan inheritance
Yawuru -lurralurra- inheritance
Nimanburru ma-loron semantic shift burn
Nyulnyul -marra- inheritance
Nyikina -marra- inheritance
Bardi -marra- inheritance
Dhangu nha:ra semantic shift
Dhay’yi nhara semantic shift
Yulparija pawula unique
Yan-nhangu rebamthun inheritance
Djinang rirrtyigi inheritance
Ritharrngu ruwam7bun inheritance
Mangala tyayini mana unique
Ngumbarl wandumbala unique
Burarra wumbargudyama unique
Walmajarri kampa- inheritance cook/burn cook/burn
Mudburra kampa- inheritance
Jaru wumpum- inheritance tyangul not in dict
Gurindji kampa- inheritance wupkarra grill, fry wupkarra grill, fry
Gooniyandi wup- inheritance WW %wup also wup(a) elswhere
Bunuba wupa- inheritance
Djapu batha_x001E_ inheritance
Jingulu wumpum inheritance
Kija kert unique coverb
Miriwung wulthip unique
Wardaman pa- inheritance
Lokono bokan bokan cook ( a meal) Pet 1987:354
Kariña ỳmòka ɨhmoɁka boil, cook Courtz 2007:434