Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

fish (generic)

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: pez
Meaning Portuguese: peixe

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Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	General Notes
Achagua	kubái	kubái		inheritance												See Language page
Aché		pira		inheritance												See Language page
Aguaruna	namák(a)	namák(a)		inheritance												See Language page
Akawaio	moorok	morɔk		inheritance		Northern Carib? (Akawaio, Makushi, Mapoyo, Pemon)										See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Andoke	be-i (cf. be 'eat')	be-i (cf. be 'eat')		unique												See Language page
Apalai	kana, arumaxi, pore, sãsawa	kana, arumaxi, pore, sãsawa		inheritance												See Language page
Araona		hae														See Language page																Tacn form is śa(ʔ)e.
Ashuar	namák achíkchamu	namak aʧikʧamu														See Language page
Ayoreo		o'yidi														See Language page
Baniwa	kóphe	kúpʰe, dawáki (FS), keewiíte (FS), ţéephe (FS)		inheritance		Proto-Arawak (North and South)		Also dawáki (FS), keewiíte (FS), ţéephe (FS)				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Bankalachi Toloim	lo'-pit		Fish	loan			Yokuts	Proto-NimYokuts *lopiTh (Golla 1964:62)	WW	%lvp	same	underived				C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-463		0		1		0				0	0				no
Barasano	wai	wai														See Language page
Bardi	aarli	aarli		inheritance								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Bare	kubati	kubati														See Language page
Bará		wa'i														See Language page
Barí		tay; katutu														See Language page																Colombia: bašikurə. Chibchan forms are 'ua and *dibã.
Baure	him; koβes	him; koβes		inheritance												See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	penkwi		Fish (any)	inheritance	*paNkwi	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived	etymologically a phrase -- water-fish			Crapo 1976:132		0		1		0				0	0				no
Bora	amóópe	amóópɛ		unknown			possibly Resigaro loan, but probable B > R									See Language page
Bunuba	gawiy	gawiy		loan into protolanguage	kawi	Bunuban	Jarragan	kapi 'water' in N. Jarragan , 'fish' in Walmajarri	WW	%kapi		underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Burarra	gurdijarra	gurdidyarra		unknown								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Cahuilla	kíyul	ˈkijul	fish	inheritance	<*kïcuC> fish (Manaster Ramer 1992: 257)	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)			same	other complex	ˈkiju-l simplex root -non.possessed.noun suffix	-7aʃ “pet”	possessed with possessive suffix -ki (perhaps as meat?), but also with possessie classifier -7ash (Seiler 1977:305)	Seiler&Hioki 1979:82	no info	0		1		0	hunted	All	boiled, roasted	0	0	Bean 1972:62 says fish were obtained in trade, and that some Cahuilla had Pacific coast fishing rights in Diegueño territory	All Americas	lakes, streams (and apparently near-shore ocean fish used by Cahuilla)	no
Camsa	beóna	beóna														See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kayopchi	kajopntʃi		unique												See Language page
Canela		tɛp; krən-														See Language page																Jê form is tɛp.
Carapana	wai	wai														See Language page
Carijona	ikuca (SM)	iku’tʃa (H&R)		unique												See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Cavineña	wi-ka-motya-ho- (G71)	wi-ka-motya-ho- (G71)														See Language page
Cayuvava		data; tĩĩtɨ̃ ~ tĩtĩ														See Language page
Central Aymara	chawlla	čawlʸa														See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7é:wy-		fish (small) (usual cognate is “minnow” so this is right)	unique				Note Yukian-Wappo *həw				other complex	-y nominalizer			Freeland & Broadbent 1960		0		1		0				0	0				no
Cha'palaa		'alʸa; 'pi 'alʸa														See Language page																The former also means 'flesh, meat'. The latter, lit. 'water fish (animal)'.
Chemehuevi	pah'-gwits, pah-goots'	paˈgə·tsI JPH	fish (any)	inheritance	*paNkwi/pakkwi < pa:-kVyu	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	other complex	paˈgə·-tsI fish-ABS			Merriam 59:535		0		1		0				0	0				no
Chipaya		čˀiš; c̷ˀirḳa														See Language page																Respectively: with scales; without scales.
Chiriguano		pira		inheritance												See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		siyus														See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7al'il'imuw		fish	inheritance		Central Chumash only		also in Ineseno				other complex	7alal- Agentive prefix			Beeler 1978:FIND		0		1		0				0	0				no
Chumash Ineseno	ahl-le'-de-mo'		fish (any)	inheritance		Central Chumash only		Also in Barbareno				other complex	7al-			Merriam 55:17		0		1		0				0	0				no
Chumash Obispeno	tšhka7a		fish	unique								underived				JPH III:1:119		0		1		0				0	0				no
Chumash Ventureno	ʧoʧonɨʃ		fish (Merriam confirms)	unique								reduplicated				Mamet 2008:26		0		1		0				0	0				no
Chácobo	ṣ̌aɨ; sani-no	ṣ̌aɨ; sani-no		doubtful loan			Tacanan sa(ʔ)e (Girard)									See Language page
Cocopa	siɂíły		fish	inheritance	*?-či·	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FISH, also contains the ?-?il WORM word			same	underived	diachronically fish-worm			Crawford 1989		0		1		0				0	0				no
Cofán	avu	aβɯ														See Language page																phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Comanche	pekwi		fish	inheritance	*paNkwi	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived	etymologically phrase water-fish			Robinson & Armagost 1990:164		0		1		0				0	0				no
Cubeo	moacʉ (generic term), búpijĩcʉ, búpiyo, cuitótecarʉ, ẽtaroco, jiatʉravacacʉ, mamʉrʉmoacʉ, ocorʉmoacʉ, põejiaparidʉ	moakʉ (generic term), búpihĩkʉ, búpijo, kuitótɛkarʉ, eɛ̃taroko, hiatʉravakacʉ, mamʉrʉmoakʉ, okorʉmoakʉ, põɛhiaparidʉ		doubtful loan			Bora/Resigaro amoo	Also búpiɣĩkʉ, búpijɔ, kuitɔ́tɛkalʉ, eɛ̃talɔkɔ, ɣiatʉlavakacʉ, mamʉlʉmɔakʉ, ɔkɔlʉmɔakʉ, pɔ̃ɛɣiapalidʉ				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Cuiva		duwéi, báxu														See Language page
Cupeño	qeyul	qəˈjul	fish	inheritance	*kɨcuC-	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)			same	other complex	qəˈju-l fish-npn	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Hill & Nolasquez 1973:170	no info	0	figures in Coyote and Flood story	1		no info	hunted	all	killed by poisoning	0	0		Americas	water	no
Desano	wahi	wahi		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan						uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Dhangu	guya	burirrity		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Dhay’yi	burirritj	burirrity		inheritance								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Dhuwal	guya	burirrity		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Djapu		guya		inheritance														0		1		0				0	0
Djeoromitxi	minõ	minõ														See Language page
Djinang	guyi	guyi		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Dâw	rãáp	hã̌p		inheritance								underived				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Epena		'čikʰo														See Language page																Also means 'food'.
Ese Ejja		hai														See Language page																Also kohoɗi ~ kohoɗe.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	na'o; hai (Girard 1971)	na'o; hai														See Language page
Esselen	kalul (Pinart)		fish	unique		Esselen						other complex	-l classifier suffix	-l		Turner & Shaul 1981:116		0		1		0				0	0				no
Eñepa	kana	kana		inheritance												See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Gabrielino	kiyu:r (keu:r @ 606)	kiˈju:r	fish	inheritance	*kɨcuC	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)			same	other complex	kiˈju:-r fish-npn	-ʔaʧ “pet	possessive classifier for animals	Harrington 057, 596	no info	0	Couplet in Luiseno, so probably at Creator's mourning ceremony	1		no info	hunted	all	diverse methods	0	0	ocean resources traded inland	Americas	water	no
Gajirrabeng	goondarring	kuntarring		inheritance	kurntarri	Jarragan		also belegeggeng, jirrgelng				underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Gooniyandi	gawi	gawi		loan into protolanguage	kawi	Bunuban	Jarragan	kapi 'water' in N. Jarragan , 'fish' in Walmajarri but cf. kawi 'fish' in Worrorran kaaguwi in E. Mirndi	WW	%kapi		underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Guayabero	baxí	baxí		inheritance								uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Gumatj	bukurru(')	barrarritya		inheritance								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Gupapuyngu	guya	birrpurra		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Gurindji	yawu	yawu		loan			Western Mirndi	loan into NG pre-lenition	WW	%yaku		underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Guugu Yimidhirr	guyu & guuju	guyu & guuju		inheritance				kuyu or kuya; not clear what if any the etymological relation of /kuuju/ is. /guyuu/ is 'milk, breast'.				underived						0		1		0				0	0
Hodï	bõʰtõ	bõʰtõ		doubtful loan: Makushi moróʔ			Carib	e.g. Makushi moróʔ				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Huambisa	namak	namak														See Language page
Hup	hɔ̃̌p	hɔ̃̌p		inheritance								underived				See Language page		0		1	most species	0	fished	men, children, sometimes women (when fish poison is used)	boiled or smoked	0	0				no
Ignaciano		hima														See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	che'		fish (any)	inheritance	*?-či·	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FISH,			same	underived				Merriam 55:181		0		1		0				0	0				no
Ingá	chalwa	tʃálwa (H&R)														See Language page
Iquito	pápaaja	pápaaha		unknown												See Language page
Itonama		o-pi														See Language page
Jaru	yagu	yagu		loan			Western Mirndi		WW	%yaku		uncoded						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Jingulu	kakuyi	kakuyi		inheritance								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Kabiyari	kúpha; ʔulle (H&R92)	kúpha														See Language page
Kaingang	pirã	pirã														See Language page
Kakua	keh	keh		inheritance								underived				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Kalapalo	kaŋa	kaŋa		inheritance												See Language page
Kamayurá	ipira	ipira		inheritance												See Language page
Kanamarí	dom	dom	peixe em geral													Magalhães 2018:356
Karajarri	guya	guya		inheritance								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Karajá		ətora														See Language page																Also deǰue and iǰasɔ.
Karitiana	ip	ip		inheritance												See Language page
Katukina		c̷ac̷a														See Language page
Kawaiisu	pa-gɨɨ-zi		fish	inheritance	*paNkwi/pakkwi < pa:-kVyu	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	other complex	pa-gɨɨ-zi water-fish-ABS (really root is not synchronically complex in Kawaiisu, that's an etymology)			Zigmond et al.		0		1		0				0	0				no
Kija	kurntarri	kurntarri		inheritance	kurntarri	Jarragan						underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Kiliwa	xa?=tay-l=t-kw+yaq		fish (lit. sea-dweller)	unique							same	relative clause	xa?=tay-l=t-kw+yaq water=big-in-NMR-REL-lie			Mixco 1985		0		1		0				0	0				no
Kitanemuk	kihuč	ˈkihuʧr	fish	inheritance	*kɨcuC	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)			same	other complex	ˈkihu-ʧr fish-npn	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals	Anderton 1988:351	no info	0		1		no info	hunted	men	fish spears, poison. No info on preparatin.	0	0		Americas	water	no
Kokama	ipira	ipiɾa		inheritance												See Language page
Koko-Bera	koy	koy	fish	inheritance	*kuyu	pPama-Nyungan						simplex
Koreguaje	va'i, chiacha va'i	baʔi, dʒiadʒa baʔi		inheritance												See Language page
Kotiria	wa'i	waʔi		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan						uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Kuku-Thaypan	missing			missing								missing						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Kuku-Yalanji	kuyu	kuyu		inheritance	*kuyu	pPama-Nyungan		Reflexes in some languages suggest *kuya.				underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Kurtjar	wanthork ~ wooy	wanthork ~ wooy		unique								underived			Both terms are generic			0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Kuuk Thaayorre	ngat	ngat		inheritance	*ngata	pPaman						underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Kwazá	manini, ũmãtɛ-	manini, ũmãtɛ-														See Language page
Lake Miwok	káac		fish	unique								underived				Callaghan 1965		0		1		0				0	0				no
Lengua		kilasma														See Language page
Lokono	hime	hime	fish													Pet 1987:357															no
Luiseño	7anámat	ʔaˈnamat	fish, generic	unique							same	other complex	ʔaˈnama-t fish-non.possessed.noun	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla	Elliott 1999:118	no info	0	couplet: anámat, pipilwut “fish, shark”	1	principal food for people living on coast (Sparkman 1908:198)	no info	hunted	all	roasted, broiled, boiled, many preparations	0	0		Americas	water	no
Maca		sehec̷ (m.)														See Language page
Macaguan	bópi	bópi		inheritance								uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Maidu	máko		fish (general)	unique								underived				Shipley 1963		0		1		0				0	0				no
Maihiki	yadibai ago	jadibai ago		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan						uncoded		ago	ago = feminine animate	See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Makiritare	nākukwāno (IDS) ( Refers to fish in the water; lit. 'people who live in the river'. Fish caught and out of the river is oʔtāho); na:kukwa:no (KH)	na:kukwa:no		unique												See Language page
Makuna	wai	wai		inheritance												See Language page
Makushi	moróʔ	moróʔ		inheritance		Northern Carib? (Akawaio, Makushi, Mapoyo, Pemon)		Doubtful loan into Hodï: bõʰtõ								See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Mapoyo	moroko	moroko														See Language page
Mapudungun		čalʸwa														See Language page																Same form in Ranquel.
Matses	nuëquid	nuɨkid		unknown												See Language page
Mbabaram	yu	yu		inheritance	*kuyu	pPama-Nyungan		Also widespread: *kuya reflexes.				underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Minica Witoto	ǰḯkï.aï, čámu	dʒɯ́kɯ.aɯ, tʃámu														See Language page
Miriwung	gundarring	gundarring		inheritance	kurntarri	Jarragan						underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Mocoví		nalʸin														See Language page
Mojave	ɂachii		fish	inheritance	*?-či·	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FISH; Yuma 7aci/. Halpern 1:30			same	underived				Munro et al.1992		0		1		0				0	0				no
Mosetén-Chimané		ta'bedʸe														See Language page
Movima	kon̉-kore (J62)	kon̉-kore														See Language page
Muinane	táaβa	táaβa														See Language page
Muisca	gua															See Language page
Murui Witoto	ǰïkï.aï	dʒɯkɯ.aɯ		unknown												See Language page
Mutsun	hoo'-ye		fish (any)	inheritance		Costanoan		Kroeber 1910 has only in Sjb; Pinart has huuyi form for Co I, II; Note Yukian *həw, Wappo 7ew				underived				Merriam 55:417		0		1		0				0	0				no
Máku		méʔtaka														See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ta'hɨ̰̃ːb		inheritance												See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	yacu aicha (yacu=river; aicha=meat)	jaku aitʃa														See Language page
Ngandi	ceñ	ceny		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Ngarinyin	dyaya	dyaya		inheritance	*tyaya	proto-Worrorran						uncoded						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Ngarluma		wakari		inheritance														0		1		0				0	0
Ngumbarl	lammidee	lammidee		unique								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Nheengatu	pirá	pirá		inheritance		Proto-Tupi-Guarani		Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000				underived				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Nimanburru	gōmb	gōmb		semantic shift								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Ninam	tšarakə (EM72)	tʃaɾakə		inheritance								uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Nisenan	pala		fish	unique								underived				Uldall & Shipley 1966		0		1		0				0	0				no
Nivaclé		saxeč														See Language page
Northern Emberá		bhedá; ɓetá (H&R)														See Language page
Northern Paiute	paggwe		Fish (any)	inheritance	paNkwi/pakkwi < pa:-kVyu	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived	etymologically a phrase, “water-fish”			Merriam 61:147		0		1		0				0	0				no
Northern Sierra Miwok	lapi:saj-y-		fish	inheritance		Sierra Miwokan only		Probably Yok-Utian if cognate with Yokutsan lopit words (Callaghan 1997:32, 2001:326)	WW	%lvp		other complex	-y nominalizer			Callaghan 1987		0		1		0				0	0				no
Nukak	a1 kaji2			inheritance								uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Nyangumarta	pirrala	pirrala		unique								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Nyikina	ngama ngama	ngama ngama		unique								reduplicated						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Nyulnyul	kumb(u)	kumb(u)		semantic shift								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Nɨpode Witoto	čámu	tʃámu														See Language page
Ocaina	injanm̈a	ĩhãm:a		unknown												See Language page
Pacahuara		sa'nino; 'woɨ														See Language page																The latter is a kind of fish. d'Orb make, 'a kind of fish' (cf. 'piraña'. d'Orb sanina. Arm sanina.
Pakanh	nga'a	nga'a		inheritance	*ngata	pPaman						underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Paraguayan Guaraní		pira														See Language page
Paresi	kohatse	kuhatse		inheritance												See Language page
Pemon	morok (A1981)	moɾok (A1981)		inheritance		Northern Carib? (Akawaio, Makushi, Mapoyo, Pemon)										See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Piapoco	kubái (dp91)	kubái (dp91)														See Language page
Piaroa	pOɨ'cah	pɤɨɁsah		inheritance												See Language page
Pilagá		'niyaḳ														See Language page
Plains Miwok	pu:-		fish	loan			Patwin	Callaghan 2001:326 (but note that pu:- occurs in other Miwokan as “fish eggs” JHH				underived				Callaghan 1984		0		1		0				0	0				no
Playero		bopí														See Language page
Puinave	yəi	jəi		unique												See Language page
Pumé	chõ															See Language page
Páez		wedʲ (H&R)														See Language page
Qawasqar		yawc̷en														See Language page																Sk, Bo, Fe, Li record yawc̷el for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record [apompen], from Yagan 'apom', for South QWS.
Quechua Ayacuchano	challwa	tʃaʎwa														See Language page
Rembarrnga	ceñ	ceny		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Resígaro	ámoogí	ámoogí		loan			Bora (directionality unclear, but Seifart notes that it probably follows the general pattern of B>R)	Bora amóópɛ				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Ritharrngu	guya	guya		inheritance			Northern Yolngu?											0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Salinan A	šwan'		fish	unique		Salinan						underived				Mason 1918:123; Turner 1980:73		0		1		0				0	0				no
Salinan M	cwá'N		fish	unique		Salinan						underived				Mason 1918:123		0		1		0				0	0				no
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		kilasma														See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		kelasma														See Language page
Sanumá	salaga bɨ (edible fish only), tsaraka (EM72)	salaga bɨ (edible fish only), tsalaka (EM72)		inheritance				salaga bɨ (edible fish only)				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Secoya	'wa?'i	'wa?'i														See Language page
Selknam		tapl														See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	zixcám		fish	unique				see 88			same	underived	looks like etymologically might have the ziix “thing” element so common in the rel. clause animal names; perhaps onomasticized version of the generic “animal”,in (88) making this the prototype			Comcaac Dictionary 634		0		1		0				0	0				no
Serrano	ke'-ho>tR		fish	inheritance	*kɨcuC	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)				other complex	-t NPN			Merriam 60:111		0		1		0				0	0				no
Shipibo-Konibo		yapa; piti														See Language page
Sikuani	baluwe, baxu (generic small fish), akairu, apürü, arali, arepi, atsebokojibiwi (fish without scales), daütjüdaütjü, tsutsubo, tsutsupabo, tsalewaübo, dujai, dujuai (1), dujai (1) (also means game animal), jj (1), jaja(1)	dúhuai, baxu		inheritance				also akairu, apürü, arali, arepi, atsebokojibiwi (fish without scales), baluwe, daütjüdaütjü, tsutsubo, tsutsupabo, tsalewaübo, dujai, dujuai (1), dujai (1) (also means game animal), jj (1), jaja(1)				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Siona	hua'i	waʔi		inheritance												See Language page
Siriano	waʔí	waʔí														See Language page
Sirionó	si̯ra; hi̯ra	si̯ra; hi̯ra		inheritance												See Language page
Southern Paiute	pagɨU		Fish (any)	inheritance	*paNkwi/pakkwi < pa:-kVyu	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived	historically a compound pa:- kɨyu			Sapir 1930:638		0		1		0				0	0				no
Southern Pastaza Quechua	challwa	tʃaʎwa														See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	lapi:s-aj-		fish	inheritance	*lapi:s-aj	Sierra Miwokan only		Probably Yok-Utian given Yokutsan lopit, etc.	WW	%lvp		other complex	-aj theme			Broadbent 1964:		0		1		0				0	0				no
Southern Ute	pagų		fish	inheritance	*paNkwi/pakkwi < ka:-kVyu	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived				Givon 1979		0		1		0				0	0				no
Suyá	tɛp	tɛp														See Language page
Sáliva	pajĩdi	pahĩdi		inheritance												See Language page
Tacana		se														See Language page
Tanimuca	waʔ'ia	waʔ'ia		inheritance												See Language page
Tariana	kuphe, kuːphe	kupʰe, kuːpʰe		inheritance		Proto-Arawak (North and South)						uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Tatuyo	'wa'i	'wa'i														See Language page
Taushiro	ei´na	ɨiʔna														See Language page
Tehuelche		ḳ'oyen														See Language page
Tikuna	tʃɔʔnɨ	tʃɔʔnɨ		unique												See Language page
Tiriyó	kana	kana		inheritance												See Language page
Tjaapukay	guyu	kuyu	fish (generic)	inheritance	*kuyu	pPama-Nyungan		With an alternant *kuya				underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Toba		nyaḳ														See Language page
Trinitario		himo														See Language page																Palometa (piraña)' is ʔrumo.
Trumai	kaʔte ~ kʔate	kaʔte ~ kʔate														See Language page
Tukano	wa'î	wa'î		inheritance		Proto-Tukanoan						uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Tuyuka	wa'í	wa'í														See Language page
Tübatulabal	kuyül	kuˈjɨl	fish	inheritance	*kɨcuC-	Uto-Aztecan		S864 (Stubbs 2009;147)			same	other complex	kuˈjɨ-l fish-npn			Hill 2010:38	no info	0		1		no info	hunted	all	used fish traps (men), poison (everybody), diverse preparations, mainly roasting on coals	0	0		Americas	water	no
Tümpisa Shoshone	pangwi, pengwi		fish	inheritance	*paNkwi/pakkwi < pa:-kVyu	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived	old pa- “water” now obscure			Dayley 1989:188		0		1		0				0	0				no
Urarina	ate	ate		unique												See Language page
Uw-Olkol	uy	uy	fish	inheritance	*kuyu	pPama-Nyungan						underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Uw-Oykangand	uy	uy	fish	inheritance	*kuyu	pPama-Nyungan						underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Wai Wai	generic fish: ootɨ	generic fish: ootɨ		unique			cf. similar form in Makiritare									See Language page
Waikhana	wa'ʔi	wa'ʔi														See Language page
Waimaja	wáí	wáí														See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	xiba	ʃiba														See Language page
Walmajarri	kapi	kapi		loan with meaning change			Kajirrabeng	Kapi 'water'	WW	%kapi		underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Waorani	gæyæ			unique							No info (fish type - not clear whether generic exists. Might be yae.)	uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Wapishana	kupaɨn	kupaɨn		inheritance		Proto-Arawak (North and South)										See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Wappo	7éw		fish (CHM confirms 52:579)	inheritance		Yukian-Wappo		Yukian *həw; note Costanoan hu:yi				underived				Sawyer 1965		0		1		0				0	0				no
Wardaman	barrunin	barrunin		unknown								uncoded						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Wari	hwam (hwamišiʔ)	hwam (hwamiʃiʔ)														See Language page
Warlpiri	yaku	yaku		loan			Western Mirndi	also liwanja	WW	%yaku		underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Warrwa		wali		inheritance														0		1		0				0	0
Washo	7át'abi7		fish (any)	unique								underived				Merriam 55:311; WPD		0		1		0				0	0				no
Waurá	kupatɨ	kupatɨ		inheritance												See Language page
Wayampi	pila	pila		inheritance												See Language page
Wayana	ka	ka		inheritance												See Language page
Wayuu		hime														See Language page
Western Mono	pakwi		fish (general term)	inheritance	*paNkwi/pakkwi < pa:-kVyu	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 865 (2008:148)			same	underived	historically compound (*pa:-kɨyu)			Bethel et al.;126	no info	0		1		no info	fished	all	no info	0	0				no
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		wa'hat														See Language page
Wik Ngathan	keyngk	keyngk	scaled fish; fish scales	unique								underived		minh (scaled fish)				0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Wintu	nur		fish, salmon	inheritance	*nur	Wintun		Shepherd 2005; salmon definitely the prototype. Slightly irregular, she has speculations p. 135				underived	nur ...			Schlichter 1981		0		1		0				0	0				no
Worrorra	dya:ya	dya:ya		inheritance	*tyaya	proto-Worrorran						uncoded						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Wunambal	gawi (V)	gawi (V)		loan		proto-Worrorran			WW	%kapi								0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Yagua	quiva	kiwã		unique												See Language page
Yaminahua		βoɨ														See Language page
Yan-nhangu	guya	guya		inheritance								simplex						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Yanomam	yuri (small, generic)	juɾi		inheritance		subgroup					Narrower	uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yanomami	yuri	juɾi		inheritance		subgroup						underived				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yavapai	ɂčí·		fish	inheritance	*?-či·	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FISH				unknown				Shaterian 1983		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yavitero	kuhási (dp91), simasi	kuhási (dp91), simasi														See Language page
Yawuru	yalwarr, dyanadya	yalwarr, dyanadya		unique								underived						0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Yidiny	missing	missing		missing														0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Yine		šima														See Language page																Also hamxi-ro. Piro-Apuriná forms are si'ma-kɨ; *hamaki-rV.
Yir-Yoront	ngart	ngart		inheritance	*ngata	pPaman						underived	Typically /ngar/ when used as a generic with a simplex specific term.					0		1		0				0	0				N/A
Yokuts Palewyami	lophʰoţ		fish	inheritance	*lopʰiTʰ	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:355; note Mis lapi:s-aj “fish” (Callaghan 1997:32)	WW	%lvp	same	underived				Gamble 1991 (from Harrington)		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yokuts Yawdanchi	dopiT		fish	inheritance	*lopʰiTʰ	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:355; note Mis lapi:s-aj “fish” (Callaghan 1997:32)	WW	%lvp	same	underived				Kroeber 1961:205		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yokuts Yowlumne	lOpiT		fish	inheritance	*lopʰiTʰ	Yokutsan		Whistler & Golla 1986:355; note Mis lapi:s-aj “fish” (Callaghan 1997:32)	WW	%lvp	same	underived				Newman 1944:226		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yuhup	hɔ̃́p	hɔ̃́p		inheritance								underived				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yuki	hąw A, F		fish, salmon	inheritance	*həw	Yukian-Wappo		Schlichter 1985; Elemendorf 1997:80 Wappo 7ew				underived				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yukpa	poshe (SM)	po'ʂe; póʃe (H&R)														See Language page																Phon only in source
Yukuna	kúpe (dp91); híiɲa (H&R92)	kúpe (dp91)		inheritance				Also kúpe (dp91)				uncoded				See Language page		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yuma	?aci/		Fish (any)	inheritance	*?-či·	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FISH; Yuma 7aci/. Halpern 1:30				unknown				Merriam 61:465, Halpern 1:30		0		1		0				0	0				no
Yuruti	wái	wái														See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Guugu Yimidhirr
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jingulu
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koko-Bera
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kuku-Thaypan
Kuku-Yalanji
Kurtjar
Kuuk Thaayorre
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Mbabaram
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngandi
Ngarinyin
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Pacahuara
Pakanh
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rembarrnga
Resígaro
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Tjaapukay
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Uw-Olkol
Uw-Oykangand
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wardaman
Wari
Warlpiri
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wik Ngathan
Wintu
Worrorra
Wunambal
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yidiny
Yine
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti

Showing 1 to 247 of 247 entries