Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bottom grinding stone

Semantic Field
manufacture
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim pah'-haht' bedrock mortar; po-ho-wahl' portable mortar 189 loan direction unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tusu” “metate” inheritance
Cahuilla mala-l inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7ym:e- inheritance
Chemehuevi marA “metate”; inheritance JPH
Chumash Barbareno 7alqap “mortar” inheritance Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno 7alqap inheritance JPH
Chumash Ineseno 7alqap “mortar” inheritance A212
Chumash Obispeno kichiksmu7 “metate”; hytYyqsmu7 0424 unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno 7aLqap, 7aLqapuch, pejesh unknown JPH
Cocopa xpi inheritance
Comanche huaawo “mortar” unknown
Cupeño mala-l [məˈlal] inheritance
Esselen pamma “mortar” loan Pinart/Heizer
Gabrielino tokwis “mortero” unknown
Iipay 'Aa 'ehpii [Ɂəxˈpiˑ] inheritance
Kawaiisu mara-ci inheritance
Kitanemuk cyry7ihwa7t unknown
Lake Miwok ta/mih (large), unique
Luiseño mala:-l inheritance
Maidu jo/kkym 7o/ “mortar” inheritance
Mojave 7ahpe inheritance
Mutsun 7urkan “mortar” unknown O77:154
Nisenan pulu “mortar”; loan direction unknown
Northern Paiute matta 223 inheritance Thornes 03:223
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ym:e inheritance
Plains Miwok 7yly:we- “portable mortar” unknown
Salinan A Thxo/l (A), unknown
Salinan M tTHoxo/L 'mortar' unknown Mason 1918:132
Seri (Comcaac) xap “metate” (archaic usage) unknown
Serrano pa:hu “bedrock mortar” loan direction unknown R&E2000:420
Southern Paiute mara-tsi- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok lopa:7-a “small” inheritance
Southern Ute marachI “mortar” inheritance
Tübatulabal pahal “mortar” (bedrock) loan direction unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone potton inheritance
Wappo lel-to/kel (see nudge, poke) loan direction unknown
Washo git7la/:m unknown J115
Western Mono paha “mortar”; inheritance
Wintu mo:koheti loan
Yavapai ?hpi/ metate inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami he-se/-ha: “metate, hand stone for rubbing” inheritance Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi pOwac “portable mortar” loan into protolanguage, direction unknown K07, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne baic loan into protolanguage, direction unknown K 1963
Yuki k'o(:)l “pounding basket, mortar, mortar hopper” inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma 7axmo/ “mortar” H1:26 inheritance
Dâw -- -- missing if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Maihiki ata ja, ɨno ago ata xã, ɨno ago unknown if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Yanomami hii hi ka (bottom) hi: hi ka unique if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Arabana [missing] missing
Bardi [absent] missing
Bunuba balanja 'grinding stone' unknown
Burarra rambala
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari murdawola unique
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang nguyarr unknown
Gajirrabeng barlawarn unique
Gooniyandi ?goorra 'grindstone' missing
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji jikurnu loan
Jabirr-Jabirr [absent] missing
Jaru birli bamarr semantic shift
Jawi [absent] missing
Karajarri 4862 unknown
Kija kutu-kutu-kirriny unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala pipinyanu unknown
Miriwung barlawarn unique
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra kumurru
Mudburra jungari inheritance
Ngamini 1418 loan direction unknown
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma majarra
Ngumbarl [absent] missing
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru [absent] missing
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta majarra loan Ngarluma
Nyangumarta matyarra loan Pilbara
Nyikina [absent] missing
Nyulnyul [absent] missing
Paakantyi [missing] missing
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu 817 unique
Walmajarri ngamanyan inheritance
Wangkayutyuru layi unique
Warrwa [absent] missing
Wubuy X missing
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha 1418 unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru [absent] missing
Muisca hyca hɨka if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Cofán patuvo´cho patɯβoʔtʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra patobchi patomptʃi if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Taushiro a´jentu´ aʔjɨntuʔ if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Páez cuet kuet if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Ashuar káya kaja if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Huambisa kaya kaja if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Aguaruna káya kája if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Yagua avichu awitʃu if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua rumi ɾumi if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Ingá rumi rumi if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua rumi ɾumi if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano rumi ɾumi if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Koreguaje catapʉ, cata, cʉna katapʉ, kata, kʉna if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Karitiana kinapyti kinapɨti if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Kokama itaki itaki if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Central Aymara qala qala if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Kaingang pè pɛ if different word from top grinding stone See Language page
Canela hũʔkʰra *Jê form is *ɲĩ-kra. See Language page
Kariña sepi sepi grindstone Courtz 2007:366