Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

who?

Semantic Field: grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: quien, quién
Meaning Portuguese: quem

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	tána	tána		inheritance	same as 'what'		See Language page
Aché		awa rõ		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	yaa	ja:		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	önɨk	önɨk		inheritance	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	anïʔ	anɯʔ					See Language page
Andoke	kói	kói		unique			See Language page
Apalai	onokah	onokah		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	waRa			inheritance
Araona		aise; aiyaha					See Language page
Arutani	maʔayokə	maʔayokə					See Language page
Ashuar	ya	ja					See Language page
Ayoreo		goo'si te e; goo'to te e					See Language page
Baniwa	kóaka	kóaka		inheritance	same as 'what'		See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	wah'-tuk taw-tah'-ken “Who is coming?” 223; ha-īnt (K1907)			loan
Barasano	~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.)	~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.)					See Language page
Bardi	anggaba	angkaba		inheritance
Bará		dõ'ã́					See Language page
Barí		ããmai				Colombia: ʔamay; ʔami.	See Language page
Baure	kon to 'woyokon	kon to 'wojokon		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	haka-tyn sg, haka-tyhwyh (dl), haka-tyyn (pl)			inheritance
Bora	mḯʔa, mḯʔa-xa, kʰaathʸéʔa-(xa)	mɯ́ʔa, mɯ́ʔa-xa, kʰaathʲέʔa-(xa)		unknown			See Language page
Bunuba	ngunda			inheritance
Burarra	[missing]			missing
Cahuilla	hax'i			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	ndá, ndmuá	ndá, ndmuá					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	cháká	tʃáká		unique			See Language page
Canela		kʰook				Jê form is kok.	See Language page
Carapana	ñamʉ (masc., anim.)	ɲãmɨ̃					See Language page
Carijona	ənəkɨ (interr.)			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-he-ke	e-he-ke		unique			See Language page
Cayuvava		me'ačae					See Language page
Central Aymara	khiti(sa)	kʰitisa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	mana/:-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'mu-n; 'muh-'tu-n				Also 'm-aa ~ 'mu-wa; lit. 'who + intensifier' -aa/ wa.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	hang(a)/			inheritance
Chipaya		xekt; xekmi					See Language page
Chiriguano		kea-pa		unique			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		ten-pa					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7aj'i			unknown			Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno	kune7			unknown			A 18
Chumash Obispeno	haksu, myski, machki			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	7asku			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	c̷owɨ-ni; c̷oʔo	c̷owɨ-ni; c̷oʔo		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	lu:ny, lu:p			unknown
Cofán	majan	mãhã				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	hakary			inheritance
Cubeo	ñame	ɲamɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		híntam	quién, who				Huber & Reed 1992:258
Cupeño	hax	[hax]		inheritance
Desano	dõ'ã́	dõ'ã́		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	yol			inheritance
Dhuwal	yol			inheritance
Dhuwala	wäri			inheritance
Diyari	"waranha (intr), warli (tr)"			inheritance
DiyariREU	warli			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	yol
Djapu	yol			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	hüa	høa					See Language page
Djinang	wari			inheritance
Dâw	rʉ̃’	hɨ̃ʔ		semantic shift			See Language page
Epena		'kʰai					See Language page
Ese Ejja		aʔya; ae		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	aʔya (Girard 1971)	aʔya					See Language page
Esselen	kini			unknown			Kroeber1904
Eñepa	nək	nək		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	haki:			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	yangal			inheritance
Gooniyandi	ngoorndoo			inheritance
Guayabero		ʔatʃá-n		inheritance			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	wäri			inheritance
Gurindji	ngana			inheritance
Hodï		ʰwẽya; ʰwoiyu		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	ya	ja					See Language page
Hup	ʔǔy	ʔǔj		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		'nahaʔa					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	maap	[maˑp]		unknown
Ingá	pi (reltive)/pitak (interrogative)	pi (reltive)/pitak (interrogative)					See Language page
Iquito	cánɨɨca	kánɨɨka		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		oh-koʔtʸo; pi-ʔyoʔtʸo				Respectively: masc.; fem.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	angge	angke		inheritance
Jaru	ngana			inheritance
Jawi	ungaba	ungaba		inheritance
Kabiyari	mikha, umha, arhi (who/what)	mikha, umha, arhi (who/what)					See Language page
Kaingang	ũ	ũ; ʔũ-nɛ̃					See Language page
Kakataibo		ui				Panoan c̷o[a].	See Language page
Kakua		déʔè		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	uŋu	uŋu		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	awa	awa		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	ngartu			inheritance
Kariña	noky	nokɨ	somebody, who				Courtz 2007:325
Karitiana	mõra	mõɾa		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		c̷oa-ra					See Language page
Kawaiisu	ha-na, hi-ni			inheritance
Kija	yangela			inheritance
Kiliwa	7-m7aa			unknown
Kitanemuk	hami(c)			inheritance
Kokama	ahuataca (interrogative)	awataka		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	nee pate (who is this?)	nee pathe		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~doa	~doa		inheritance	E Tuk, at least Branch 2		See Language page
Kwazá	dilɛ	dilɛ					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ma/nti			inheritance
Lokono	alikan	alikan	who				Pet 1987:377
Luiseño	hax			inheritance
Maca		ɬek					See Language page
Macaguan	nekén(ʉ)	nekén(ɨ)		unique			See Language page
Maidu	homo/ni			inheritance
Maihiki	nebɨ	nebɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	ənə̄kɨ (IDS)	ənə:kɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.)	~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.)		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	anɨʔ (IDS)	anɨʔ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	ngantu			inheritance
Mapoyo	nakena	nakena					See Language page
Mapudungun		iɲey				Ranquel form is iɲe ~ iɲey ~ iɲ ~ ɲi.	See Language page
Matses	tsuda, tsutsi	tsuɾa, tsutsi		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	bu	bu					See Language page
Miriwung	gawoothaging			inheritance
Mithaka	walu			unique
Mocoví		negeʔ					See Language page
Mojave	makach, makany			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		tki'ka					See Language page
Movima	han-ne	han-ne					See Language page
Mudburra	ngana
Mudburra	ngana			inheritance
Muinane	ká-xáá-nɨ {m}, ká-xáá-mo {f}, mɨ́xɨ́	ká-xáá-nɨ {m}, ká-xáá-mo {f}, mɨ́xɨ́					See Language page
Muisca	xieoa	sieoa					See Language page
Murui Witoto	bu	bu		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	hatte			inheritance			O77:158
Máku	toči	totʃi					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		jaːh		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	pi, maican	pi, maikan					See Language page
Ngamini	waRa			inheritance
Ngandi	nyja			unique
Ngarluma	ngana
Ngumbarl	yanga, yangee	<yanga, yangee>		inheritance
Nheengatu	awá	awá		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	waRa			inheritance
Nimanburru	ang.g	ang.k		inheritance
Ninam	hati	hati		unique			See Language page
Nisenan	homo, homoky:m			inheritance
Nivaclé		šepa-pu	who?				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	káidha, kái	káidha, kái					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	ngantu
Northern Nyangumarta	nganurtu			inheritance
Northern Paiute	haga/			inheritance			Thornes 03:28
Northern Sierra Miwok	mana			inheritance
Nukak		dɛʔɛ4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	nganurtu			inheritance
Nyikina	yanggi ~ yangi	yangki ~ yangi		inheritance
Nyulnyul	angg	angk		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	bu	bu					See Language page
Ocaina	bón	bṍ		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	windjiga
Paraguayan Guaraní		'mavapa					See Language page
Paresi	xala	ʃala		unique			See Language page
Pemon	anök (E1980); anü (M2000)	anök (E1980)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	càiná, cawiná	kàiná, kawiná					See Language page
Piaroa	di	di		inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		'haiʔči naʔme					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	wara			inheritance
Plains Miwok	manti-			inheritance
Puinave	bəə	bəə		unique			See Language page
Pumé	chjiá						See Language page
Páez	quim	kim					See Language page
Qawasqar		paseso				Bo records peɬe for Central QWS. SpS records paɬeɬ for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	pi	pi					See Language page
Rirratjingu	yol			inheritance
Ritharrngu	wara			inheritance
Salinan A	ta- (p. 35			unknown
Salinan M	tEkHa'-	E is e umlaut		unknown			Mason 1918:36
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		sik inɬit ki					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		sok ke; sok ɬaʔa ye; ɬaʔa ye					See Language page
Sanumá	witipilia (EM72)	witipila		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	pante	pante					See Language page
Secoya	nea'ni	neaʔni					See Language page
Selknam		k-uneṣ					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	quii/h, ha/qui, ha/ahcO			unknown
Serrano	hai:m, hami-7			inheritance
Sikuani	ipatsa (1), jipatsa (1)			inheritance			See Language page
Siona	kˀekˀɨ; ne	kˀekˀɨ; ne		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	dõ'ã́	dõ'ã́					See Language page
Sirionó	aba (P85)	aba		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	anga-			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	pi	pi					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	manaX-			inheritance
Southern Ute	aa7ara (sg), aamY7ara (pl)			inheritance
Sáliva	ãdijã	ãdihã		inheritance			See Language page
Tanimuca	bã 'ki	bã 'ki		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	kwana	kwana		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	dõã	dõã					See Language page
Taushiro	cu´hen	kuʔhɨn					See Language page
Tehuelche		'hem					See Language page
Tikuna	texe (interrogative) [5, 1]	teʔe		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	akï (animate interrogative pronound)	akɨ (animate interrogative pronound)		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		'negeʔt					See Language page
Trinitario		naha					See Language page
Trumai	te	te		unique			See Language page
Tukano	noáʔ (hr)	noáʔ (hr)		inheritance	E Tuk, at least Branch 2		See Language page
Tuyuka	dõ'ã	dõʔã					See Language page
Tübatulabal	aki			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	hakatyn			inheritance
Urarina	dʒa	tʃa		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	onoke	onoke		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	dõã	dõã					See Language page
Waimaja	nṍã̀	nṍã̀					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	bypa	bɨpa					See Language page
Walmajarri	ngana			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	[missing]			missing
Waorani	æ-kã-dõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	kʰan-dii; kʰanu-m	kʰan-dii; kʰanu-m		inheritance	Proto North Arawak?		See Language page
Wappo	ma/y			inheritance
Warao	sina	sina					See Language page
Warrwa	yanggi	yangki		inheritance
Washo	gu/:dinga			unknown			J168
Waurá	ka-i'c̷a; ka	ka-i'¢a; ka		inheritance	same as 'what'		See Language page
Wayampi	awa	awa		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ënik	ǝnik		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		har̃ai ya					See Language page
Western Mono	ha/ge, haqaa/			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		atˀe					See Language page
Wintu	heket			inheritance
Worrorra	angguwi(y)a	angguwi(y)a		loan	Bardi
Wubuy	yangi			unique
Yabarana		ah'nikə					See Language page
Yagua	chi	tʃı̃		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		c̷oa...-mɨ̃				Respectively: as subject; as object (to whom?).	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	wara			inheritance
Yandruwandha	"warnu , waranu (abs.),"			inheritance
Yanomam	wɨtipi (EM72)	wɨtipi (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	weti-nɨ (MM07)	weti-nɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	wara			inheritance
Yavapai	vka/			unknown
Yavitero	méjli	méľ̥i					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	warlu			inheritance
Yawuru	yanggarru	yangkarru		inheritance
Yine		katɨ					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	wat			inheritance			K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	wat			inheritance			K07:228
Yokuts Yowlumne	wa:t/			inheritance			N1944:232
Yuhup	ʔúj	ʔúj		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	ma,y-, moy-, moih			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	no	noʔ					See Language page
Yukuna	najlo	nahlo		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	makye/-ny “whom” H2:148			inheritance
Yuruti	dõ'ã́	dõ'ã́					See Language page
Záparo	kanat+	kanatɨ					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Worrorra
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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