Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

who?

Semantic Field
grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
quien, quién
Meaning Portuguese
quem

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim wah'-tuk taw-tah'-ken “Who is coming?” 223; ha-īnt (K1907) loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone haka-tyn sg, haka-tyhwyh (dl), haka-tyyn (pl) inheritance
Cahuilla hax'i inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok mana/:- inheritance
Chemehuevi hang(a)/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7aj'i unknown Beeler 1978
Chumash Ineseno kune7 unknown A 18
Chumash Obispeno haksu, myski, machki unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno 7asku unknown JPH
Cocopa lu:ny, lu:p unknown
Comanche hakary inheritance
Cupeño hax [hax] inheritance
Esselen kini unknown Kroeber1904
Gabrielino haki: inheritance
Iipay 'Aa maap [maˑp] unknown
Kawaiisu ha-na, hi-ni inheritance
Kiliwa 7-m7aa unknown
Kitanemuk hami(c) inheritance
Lake Miwok ma/nti inheritance
Luiseño hax inheritance
Maidu homo/ni inheritance
Mojave makach, makany inheritance
Mutsun hatte inheritance O77:158
Nisenan homo, homoky:m inheritance
Northern Paiute haga/ inheritance Thornes 03:28
Northern Sierra Miwok mana inheritance
Plains Miwok manti- inheritance
Salinan A ta- (p. 35 unknown
Salinan M tEkHa'- E is e umlaut unknown Mason 1918:36
Seri (Comcaac) quii/h, ha/qui, ha/ahcO unknown
Serrano hai:m, hami-7 inheritance
Southern Paiute anga- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok manaX- inheritance
Southern Ute aa7ara (sg), aamY7ara (pl) inheritance
Tübatulabal aki inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone hakatyn inheritance
Wappo ma/y inheritance
Washo gu/:dinga unknown J168
Western Mono ha/ge, haqaa/ inheritance
Wintu heket inheritance
Yavapai vka/ unknown
Yokuts Palewyami wat inheritance K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi wat inheritance K07:228
Yokuts Yowlumne wa:t/ inheritance N1944:232
Yuki ma,y-, moy-, moih inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma makye/-ny “whom” H2:148 inheritance
Baniwa kóaka kóaka inheritance same as 'what' See Language page
Carijona ənəkɨ (interr.) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ñame ɲamɛ inheritance See Language page
Dâw rʉ̃’ hɨ̃ʔ semantic shift See Language page
Desano dõ'ã́ dõ'ã́ inheritance See Language page
Eñepa nək nək inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰwẽya; ʰwoiyu unique See Language page
Waorani æ-kã-dõ unique See Language page
Hup ʔǔy ʔǔj inheritance See Language page
Kakua déʔè inheritance See Language page
Makushi anɨʔ (IDS) anɨʔ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu awá awá inheritance See Language page
Ninam hati hati unique See Language page
Nukak dɛʔɛ4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki nebɨ nebɨ inheritance See Language page
Pemon anök (E1980); anü (M2000) anök (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá witipilia (EM72) witipila inheritance See Language page
Sikuani ipatsa (1), jipatsa (1) inheritance See Language page
Tariana kwana kwana inheritance See Language page
Tukano noáʔ (hr) noáʔ (hr) inheritance E Tuk, at least Branch 2 See Language page
Kotiria ~doa ~doa inheritance E Tuk, at least Branch 2 See Language page
Yanomam wɨtipi (EM72) wɨtipi (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yanomami weti-nɨ (MM07) weti-nɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna najlo nahlo inheritance See Language page
Yuhup ʔúj ʔúj inheritance See Language page
Arabana waRa inheritance
Bardi anggaba angkaba inheritance
Bunuba ngunda inheritance
Burarra [missing] missing
Dhangu yol inheritance
Dhuwal yol inheritance
Dhuwala wäri inheritance
Diyari "waranha (intr), warli (tr)" inheritance
DiyariREU warli inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu yol
Djapu yol inheritance
Djinang wari inheritance
Gajirrabeng yangal inheritance
Gooniyandi ngoorndoo inheritance
Gupapuyngu wäri inheritance
Gurindji ngana inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr angge angke inheritance
Jaru ngana inheritance
Jawi ungaba ungaba inheritance
Karajarri ngartu inheritance
Kija yangela inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala ngantu inheritance
Miriwung gawoothaging inheritance
Mithaka walu unique
Mudburra ngana
Mudburra ngana inheritance
Ngamini waRa inheritance
Ngandi nyja unique
Ngarluma ngana
Ngumbarl yanga, yangee <yanga, yangee> inheritance
Nhirrpi waRa inheritance
Nimanburru ang.g ang.k inheritance
Northern Mangarla ngantu
Northern Nyangumarta nganurtu inheritance
Nyangumarta nganurtu inheritance
Nyikina yanggi ~ yangi yangki ~ yangi inheritance
Nyulnyul angg angk inheritance
Paakantyi windjiga
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta wara inheritance
Rirratjingu yol inheritance
Ritharrngu wara inheritance
Walmajarri ngana inheritance
Wangkayutyuru [missing] missing
Warrwa yanggi yangki inheritance
Worrorra angguwi(y)a angguwi(y)a loan Bardi
Wubuy yangi unique
Yan-nhangu wara inheritance
Yandruwandha "warnu , waranu (abs.)," inheritance
Yarluyandi wara inheritance
Yawarrawarrka warlu inheritance
Yawuru yanggarru yangkarru inheritance
Achagua tána tána inheritance same as 'what' See Language page
Piapoco càiná, cawiná kàiná, kawiná See Language page
Kabiyari mikha, umha, arhi (who/what) mikha, umha, arhi (who/what) See Language page
Yavitero méjli méľ̥i See Language page
Wapishana kʰan-dii; kʰanu-m kʰan-dii; kʰanu-m inheritance Proto North Arawak? See Language page
Wayuu har̃ai ya See Language page
Yine katɨ See Language page
Paresi xala ʃala unique See Language page
Ignaciano 'nahaʔa See Language page
Trinitario naha See Language page
Baure kon to 'woyokon kon to 'wojokon unique See Language page
Waurá ka-i'c̷a; ka ka-i'¢a; ka inheritance same as 'what' See Language page
Arutani maʔayokə maʔayokə See Language page
Sape pante pante See Language page
Cha'palaa 'mu-n; 'muh-'tu-n Also 'm-aa ~ 'mu-wa; lit. 'who + intensifier' -aa/ wa. See Language page
Bora mḯʔa, mḯʔa-xa, kʰaathʸéʔa-(xa) mɯ́ʔa, mɯ́ʔa-xa, kʰaathʲέʔa-(xa) unknown See Language page
Muinane ká-xáá-nɨ {m}, ká-xáá-mo {f}, mɨ́xɨ́ ká-xáá-nɨ {m}, ká-xáá-mo {f}, mɨ́xɨ́ See Language page
Akawaio önɨk önɨk inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect anïʔ anɯʔ See Language page
Apalai onokah onokah inheritance See Language page
Wayana ënik ǝnik inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó akï (animate interrogative pronound) akɨ (animate interrogative pronound) inheritance See Language page
Makiritare ənə̄kɨ (IDS) ənə:kɨ inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo nakena nakena See Language page
Wai Wai onoke onoke inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari bypa bɨpa See Language page
Yabarana ah'nikə See Language page
Yukpa no noʔ See Language page
Kalapalo uŋu uŋu inheritance See Language page
Muisca xieoa sieoa See Language page
Barí ããmai Colombia: ʔamay; ʔami. See Language page
Northern Emberá káidha, kái káidha, kái See Language page
Epena 'kʰai See Language page
Guayabero ʔatʃá-n inheritance See Language page
Macaguan nekén(ʉ) nekén(ɨ) unique See Language page
Cuiva híntam quién, who Huber & Reed 1992:258
Cofán majan mãhã phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra cháká tʃáká unique See Language page
Taushiro cu´hen kuʔhɨn See Language page
Páez quim kim See Language page
Tikuna texe (interrogative) [5, 1] teʔe unique See Language page
Urarina dʒa tʃa unique See Language page
Camsa ndá, ndmuá ndá, ndmuá See Language page
Andoke kói kói unique See Language page
Pumé chjiá See Language page
Puinave bəə bəə unique See Language page
Máku toči totʃi See Language page
Warao sina sina See Language page
Ashuar ya ja See Language page
Huambisa ya ja See Language page
Aguaruna yaa ja: inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect jaːh unique See Language page
Matses tsuda, tsutsi tsuɾa, tsutsi inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo ui *Panoan *c̷o[a]. See Language page
Katukina c̷oa-ra See Language page
Yaminahua c̷oa...-mɨ̃ Respectively: as subject; as object (to whom?). See Language page
Chácobo c̷owɨ-ni; c̷oʔo c̷owɨ-ni; c̷oʔo inheritance See Language page
Yagua chi tʃı̃ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua pi pi See Language page
Ingá pi (reltive)/pitak (interrogative) pi (reltive)/pitak (interrogative) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua pi, maican pi, maikan See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano pi pi See Language page
Piaroa di di inheritance See Language page
Sáliva ãdijã ãdihã inheritance See Language page
Bará dõ'ã́ See Language page
Barasano ~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.) ~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.) See Language page
Carapana ñamʉ (masc., anim.) ɲãmɨ̃ See Language page
Makuna ~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.) ~jibɨ/~di (m.); ~jibo/diso (f.) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti dõ'ã́ dõ'ã́ See Language page
Waikhana dõã dõã See Language page
Siriano dõ'ã́ dõ'ã́ See Language page
Tanimuca bã 'ki bã 'ki inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo dõã dõã See Language page
Tuyuka dõ'ã dõʔã See Language page
Waimaja nṍã̀ nṍã̀ See Language page
Koreguaje nee pate (who is this?) nee pathe inheritance See Language page
Siona kˀekˀɨ; ne kˀekˀɨ; ne inheritance See Language page
Secoya nea'ni neaʔni See Language page
Karitiana mõra mõɾa unknown See Language page
Kokama ahuataca (interrogative) awataka inheritance See Language page
Wayampi awa awa inheritance See Language page
Aché awa rõ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano kea-pa unique See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní 'mavapa See Language page
Sirionó aba (P85) aba inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá awa awa inheritance See Language page
Ocaina bón bṍ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto bu bu See Language page
Minica Witoto bu bu See Language page
Murui Witoto bu bu inheritance See Language page
Iquito cánɨɨca kánɨɨka inheritance See Language page
Záparo kanat+ kanatɨ See Language page
Araona aise; aiyaha See Language page
Ese Ejja aʔya; ae inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo aʔya (Girard 1971) aʔya See Language page
Cavineña e-he-ke e-he-ke unique See Language page
Central Aymara khiti(sa) kʰitisa See Language page
Cayuvava me'ačae See Language page
Itonama oh-koʔtʸo; pi-ʔyoʔtʸo Respectively: masc.; fem. See Language page
Kwazá dilɛ dilɛ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané tki'ka See Language page
Movima han-ne han-ne See Language page
Trumai te te unique See Language page
Kaingang ũ ũ; ʔũ-nɛ̃ See Language page
Canela kʰook *Jê form is *kok. See Language page
Djeoromitxi hüa høa See Language page
Chipaya xekt; xekmi See Language page
Mocoví negeʔ See Language page
Pilagá 'haiʔči naʔme See Language page
Toba 'negeʔt See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité sik inɬit ki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet sok ke; sok ɬaʔa ye; ɬaʔa ye See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay atˀe See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja ten-pa See Language page
Maca ɬek See Language page
Nivaclé šepa-pu who? https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo goo'si te e; goo'to te e See Language page
Mapudungun iɲey Ranquel form is iɲe ~ iɲey ~ iɲ ~ ɲi. See Language page
Qawasqar paseso Bo records peɬe for Central QWS. SpS records paɬeɬ for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam k-uneṣ See Language page
Tehuelche 'hem See Language page
Lokono alikan alikan who Pet 1987:377
Kariña noky nokɨ somebody, who Courtz 2007:325