Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

leg/foot

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: pierna
Meaning Portuguese: perna

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	húi: (M), káwa	húi: (M), káwa		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		kmakã		unique			See Language page
Aguaruna	kagkág	kangkang		unique			See Language page
Akawaio	eekmada	eʔ'mada		unique; inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	pisi	pisi					See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Apalai	axi	axi		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	parda			unique
Araona		tiǰada; eta				'Shinbone' is tabesese; cf. 'back' 04.190. ebai refers to animals; cf. 'arm' 04.310.	See Language page
Ashuar	máku	maku					See Language page
Ayoreo		oota'di					See Language page
Baniwa	kawa	kawa		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	in'-gin “whole leg” 175			inheritance
Barasano	jĩkɨ̃́	jĩkɨ̃́					See Language page
Bardi	midi	midi		inheritance
Bará		jĩ'kã					See Language page
Barí		kain				Colombia: bidiinə; 'shin' is kaynə. Chibchan form is ka'ra.	See Language page
Baure	ni'pes	ni'pes		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	oon, oom-pin (knee to ankle)			inheritance
Bora	(mé)-tʰáxkʰii	(mέ)-tʰáxkʰii		unique			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	jerra			unknown
Cahuilla	-'i			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	mɨntxá-xa	mɨntxá-xa					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	paazich	paaʂitʃ		unique			See Language page
Canela		ii-pa				Jê form is ma.	See Language page
Carapana	jĩ'kã́ã	jĩ'kã́ã					See Language page
Carijona	hətɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-c̷a-ka	e-ča-ka		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		'daǰɨ				'Lower leg' is βera; ri-βera.	See Language page
Central Aymara	chara	čara					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ho:chonu-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'neepa				Refers to entire leg and foot. The lower leg, including foot, is 'ne-'milʸa. The backside flesh from the knee to the heel is 'ne-'čanbe.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	ju7(u)/			inheritance
Chipaya		lis				Uru-J form is lis.	See Language page
Chiriguano		(če-)tɨ̃ma; (če-)tɨmãka		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-akyoxna ~ -ekyoxna					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7yl			inheritance			Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno	nimel (foot, leg), pHkyt?? 0121R			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	-yl' "leg"			inheritance			A 285
Chumash Obispeno	kmoLho			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	7yl			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	wiko; wiko kiri	wiko; wiko kiri		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	7imi:/			inheritance
Cofán	ttena'ngo, tsu'tte	thɛnaʔŋgo, tsɯʔthɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	omo-, oomO (lower)			semantic shift
Cubeo	ãraðo	ãɾaðo		unique			See Language page
Cuiva		pe-tópa	pierna, leg				Huber & Reed 1992:25
Cupeño	-xuchi	[xutʃi]		unique
Desano	ñigagᵾ	jigagɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	balwak			unknown
Dhuwal	yaŋara(')
Dhuwala	balwak			unknown
Diyari	diltja			loan
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	2846			unknown
Djapu	yaŋara(')			unknown
Djeoromitxi	hetã	hetã					See Language page
Djinang	rnu			unknown
Dâw	seèj [cotovelo até joelho], wâár [coxa]	ʃæ̂ɟ (ankle-knee), wə̌h (thigh)		unique			See Language page
Epena		'hĩru; 'bɨɨrɨ				Respectively used for: human or animal; human, animal, thing. The latter also means 'bone' 04.160.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-kise; e-ahoho		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-'sa; e-kise (Girard 1971)	e-'sa; e-kise					See Language page
Esselen	piya-s			unknown			Shaul 1988:696
Eñepa	ëjpëto, yëjpë	ǝʰpǝto, jǝʰpǝ		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	nene:v “my foot, leg”			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	yambalng			inheritance
Gooniyandi	birdi
Guayabero		peh tit		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	balwak			unknown
Gurindji	jamana			loan	Worrorran?
Hodï	kʰiə			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	maku	maku					See Language page
Hup	tɔk [thigh], j'ɨ [calf]	tɔk [thigh], ɟ'ɨ [calf]		unique			See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	emily	[əˈmɪʎ]		inheritance
Ingá	changa	tʃanga					See Language page
Iquito	áaja	áaha		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		uh-sawano; uh-mukakano				The 'shin' is oh-niwasčačano.	See Language page
Jaru	yubarn			inheritance
Jawi	nilangga	nilangka		unknown
Kabiyari	nukawa	nukawa					See Language page
Kaingang	fa	#NAME?					See Language page
Kakataibo		i'taṣ̌				Calf of leg' ipoko. Panoan wiʔtaṣ̌ɨ 'shin, lower leg'. Panoan wipoko 'calf of leg'.	See Language page
Kakua		wɨ̂-naʔ [leg-cl.tree.like]		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	etɨmɑkɑŋ	etɨmɑkɑŋ		inheritance			See Language page
Kanamarí	-am	-am	perna				Magalhães 2018:351
Karajarri	midi			inheritance
Kariña	sei	sei	leg				Yamada 2010:802
Katukina		hiṣ̌aš					See Language page
Kawaiisu	ju7u-vy			inheritance
Kija	thamparla-			inheritance
Kiliwa	ny-7-miy			inheritance
Kitanemuk	cakac			inheritance
Kokama	tsutɨma	tsutɨma		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	kũʔa-pɨ	kũʔa-pɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~yʉchʉ; da'po	jʉ̃ʰʧṹ; daʔpó		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	-kai	-kai					See Language page
Lake Miwok	lo/olo			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?				Also means 'bone'; see 04.160.	See Language page
Lokono	dana(-ha)	dana(-ha)	leg				Pet 1987:362
Luiseño	7e-t			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan		pe-bémɨtɨ		unique			See Language page
Maidu	to\li/			unknown
Maihiki	ɨsotada ja	ɨ̃sotada xã		unique			See Language page
Makiritare	hētɨ (IDS)	hētɨ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	ñicʉgʉ̃ (for 'lower leg')	jikɨgɨ̃		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	i-peʔ (IDS)	i-peʔ (IDS)		unknown			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: mangka,			unique
Mangala	kanjimanga			inheritance
Mapoyo	pEtï (petï); pore-ri (knee); pore yï'bï (kneecap); pEtï yë'bë (shin); pEtï punu'bë (calf)	pətʊ (petʊ); pore-ri (knee); pore jʊ'bʊ (kneecap); pətʊ jɛ'bɛ (shin); pətʊ punu'bɛ (calf)					See Language page
Mapudungun		čaŋ				Ranquel form is čan ~ čaŋ.	See Language page
Matses	nite	nite		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	ïdá-kairo, rḯ.aï-kairo	ɯdá-kairo, rɯ́.aɯ-kairo					See Language page
Miriwung	yambalng			inheritance
Mithaka	pirna			inheritance
Mocoví		li-či					See Language page
Mojave	iime			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		xœɲœk					See Language page
Movima	ɬari-kʷa	ɬari-kʷa					See Language page
Mudburra	birida
Mudburra	yunba			inheritance?
Muinane	xúúnu-ga	xúúnu-ga					See Language page
Muisca	goca	γoka					See Language page
Murui Witoto	ɨdacaìro	ɯdakaìro (B83)		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	ka:tYul			unknown			O77:253
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		tǝ̱:m (or ɟɨːm?; same as 'foot')		unknown	same as foot (poor data?)		See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	changa	tʃanga					See Language page
Ngamini	tara			inheritance
Ngarluma	watha
Ngumbarl	nimmardee	nimardi		inheritance
Nheengatu	etimã	etimã		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	wandi			unique
Nimanburru	midi	midi		inheritance
Ninam	makosi (EM72)	makosi		unique			See Language page
Nisenan	lu:l			inheritance
Nivaclé		-kaklɔʔ	leg				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	bhaakará	bhaːkará					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	nyunyjurl
Northern Nyangumarta	jina			inheritance
Northern Paiute	kaupa			unknown			Thornes 03:241
Northern Sierra Miwok	kaw:ali-			inheritance
Nukak		naat3		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	jina			inheritance
Nyikina	midi	midi		inheritance
Nyulnyul	midi	midi		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	ïdá-kairo	ɯdá-kairo					See Language page
Ocaina	odzákõa, odzááβũa	odzákõa, odzááβɯ̃a		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	garaga
Pacahuara		'wiko				d'Orb huiko.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		t-etɨma					See Language page
Paresi	ehose, hoseti	ehotse, hotseti		unique			See Language page
Pemon	piechi'to (M2000)	piechi'to (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	càwa	kàwa					See Language page
Piaroa	tɨhtárema'	tɨhtáremaɁ		unique			See Language page
Pilagá		li-či					See Language page
Pirriya	punkurl
Pitta-Pitta	pirna			inheritance
Plains Miwok	kaw:al, kaw:ali-			inheritance
Playero		pe-táɨ-to, pe-tópa					See Language page
Puinave	[-pep]	pep		unique			See Language page
Pumé	dyaí jú						See Language page
Páez	čida ('leg, foot')	čida ('leg, foot')					See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳʰat				Sk, Bo. Be, Fe, Lu, Gui record the same for Central QWS. North and Central form also means 'foot'. Fi, Hy record kʰot for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	chanka	tʃanka					See Language page
Resígaro	íphíkuba, hii?pákuba	ípʰíkuba, hiiʔpákuba		unique			See Language page
Rirratjingu	maka
Ritharrngu	baltharr
Salinan A	so/non (A),			unknown
Salinan M	sa/nan 'leg'			unknown			Mason 1918:128
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apiɬkapok; aɬkapok					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		eŋyok					See Language page
Sanumá	wakɨ (EM72)	wakɨ		unique			See Language page
Secoya	quëso	kɨ̃'sɔ					See Language page
Selknam		hali				Lower front of leg is koʔč.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ito/aa			unknown
Serrano	-ca:q leg, lower leg			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		witaṣ̌; kiši; wi-					See Language page
Sikuani		pe-tópa:		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	guënso	gɨnso		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	jĩ'gã́	jĩ'gã́					See Language page
Sirionó	etimã; ekʷi	etimã; ekʷi		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	jy7u-S, ju7u-S “leg”			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	changa	tʃanga					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	ho:con-			inheritance
Southern Ute	ju7uavI			inheritance
Suyá	tɛ	tɛ					See Language page
Sáliva	ũja	ũha		unique			See Language page
Tacana		e-tidada				'Shin-bone' is eta; e-taboc̷e.	See Language page
Tanimuca	dyĩkã	ʎĩkã		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	kawána	kawána		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	jĩ'kãã	jĩ'kãã					See Language page
Taushiro	ana'hu'	anaʔhuʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'no				Also 'yorn; 'eškrkˀn, 'de cintura a rodilla'. Also 'ha, from the knee to the ankle, from which bone marrow (caracú) is taken.	See Language page
Tikuna		perɛmã		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	(pï)repa (also shin)	repa		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-či					See Language page
Trinitario		-pueɣe				'Shin-bone' is -noɣi.	See Language page
Trumai	(ha) dak	(ha) dak		unique			See Language page
Tukano	dɨ'pô-kã	dɨʔpô-kã		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	jĩ'kã	jĩ'kã					See Language page
Tübatulabal	uukkappyyl			loan
Tümpisa Shoshone	nungkwappyh, hungkwappyh			inheritance
Urarina	anaaé	anaaé		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	hrefu (SM)	hrefu (SM)		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	jẽ'kɨ̃	jẽ'kɨ̃					See Language page
Waimaja	ñĩ́kʰã́	ɲĩ́kʰã́					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	kyse	kɨse					See Language page
Walmajarri	kanyji			loan	Nyikina
Wangkayutyuru	mala			unique
Waorani	õdõ-ti			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	tabaɨj	tabaɨj		unique			See Language page
Wappo	T'a/7\			inheritance
Wari	pišiyašiʔ; kokošiʔ	piʃijaʃiʔ; kokoʃiʔ				Respectively: 'lower leg; upper leg'. 'Leg bone' is arašiʔ (at).	See Language page
Warrwa	-midi	-midi		inheritance
Washo	a/hl			unknown			J355
Waurá	-katɨ	-katɨ		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	-l-ɛtɨmã	-l-ɛtɨmã		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	wasi	wasi		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		ta-saʔa					See Language page
Western Mono	hu/qA			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-ɬe'če					See Language page
Wintu	tole			inheritance
Yabarana		ehne po'ɾeɾi					See Language page
Yagua	(upper ~) muda; (lower ~) duse	muda; duse		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		kiši čičia					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	mukarr			unknown
Yandruwandha	maltji			unique
Yanomam	mathak	matʰak		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	matha	matʰa		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	tharra			inheritance
Yavapai	mpa/ra “leg, wheel”			unknown
Yavitero	ku¢u	kutsu					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	miliri			unique
Yawuru	nimirdi	nimirdi		inheritance
Yine		ksɨxe; tpaľi				Respectively: lower and upper leg. 'Femur (thighbone)' is tpaľ-hapɨ.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	tsi-ah/-tel/-kin “whole leg” (caya/\tel “foot” K63)	CHM tsi- is /tsay/		unique			CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	kHatasha (poku) “lower leg”			inheritance			K07 ; G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	k'alassa' (n1),			inheritance			Golla 1964:63
Yuki	T'a,7a,ch, T'a,:t leg 1 (CHM “thigh”)			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	jauna, pitchi, sako, uaunuj, yusi, yuse						See Language page
Yukuna	tajneji	tahnehi		unique			See Language page
Yuma	i:me/ see “foot”			inheritance
Yuruti	'jɨ̃́kãã	'jɨ̃́kãã					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti

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