Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

leg/foot

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
pierna
Meaning Portuguese
perna

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim in'-gin “whole leg” 175 inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone oon, oom-pin (knee to ankle) inheritance
Cahuilla -'i inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ho:chonu- inheritance
Chemehuevi ju7(u)/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7yl inheritance Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno nimel (foot, leg), pHkyt?? 0121R unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno -yl' "leg" inheritance A 285
Chumash Obispeno kmoLho unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno 7yl unknown JPH
Cocopa 7imi:/ inheritance
Comanche omo-, oomO (lower) semantic shift
Cupeño -xuchi [xutʃi] unique
Esselen piya-s unknown Shaul 1988:696
Gabrielino nene:v “my foot, leg” inheritance
Iipay 'Aa emily [əˈmɪʎ] inheritance
Kawaiisu ju7u-vy inheritance
Kiliwa ny-7-miy inheritance
Kitanemuk cakac inheritance
Lake Miwok lo/olo inheritance
Luiseño 7e-t inheritance
Maidu to\li/ unknown
Mojave iime inheritance
Mutsun ka:tYul unknown O77:253
Nisenan lu:l inheritance
Northern Paiute kaupa unknown Thornes 03:241
Northern Sierra Miwok kaw:ali- inheritance
Plains Miwok kaw:al, kaw:ali- inheritance
Salinan A so/non (A), unknown
Salinan M sa/nan 'leg' unknown Mason 1918:128
Seri (Comcaac) ito/aa unknown
Serrano -ca:q leg, lower leg inheritance
Southern Paiute jy7u-S, ju7u-S “leg” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok ho:con- inheritance
Southern Ute ju7uavI inheritance
Tübatulabal uukkappyyl loan
Tümpisa Shoshone nungkwappyh, hungkwappyh inheritance
Wappo T'a/7\ inheritance
Washo a/hl unknown J355
Western Mono hu/qA inheritance
Wintu tole inheritance
Yavapai mpa/ra “leg, wheel” unknown
Yokuts Palewyami tsi-ah/-tel/-kin “whole leg” (caya/\tel “foot” K63) CHM tsi- is /tsay/ unique CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi kHatasha (poku) “lower leg” inheritance K07 ; G64
Yokuts Yowlumne k'alassa' (n1), inheritance Golla 1964:63
Yuki T'a,7a,ch, T'a,:t leg 1 (CHM “thigh”) inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma i:me/ see “foot” inheritance
Arabana parda unique
Bardi midi midi inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra jerra unknown
Dhangu balwak unknown
Dhuwal yaŋara(')
Dhuwala balwak unknown
Diyari diltja loan
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu 2846 unknown
Djapu yaŋara(') unknown
Djinang rnu unknown
Gajirrabeng yambalng inheritance
Gooniyandi birdi
Gupapuyngu balwak unknown
Gurindji jamana loan Worrorran?
Jaru yubarn inheritance
Jawi nilangga nilangka unknown
Karajarri midi inheritance
Kija thamparla- inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: mangka, unique
Mangala kanjimanga inheritance
Miriwung yambalng inheritance
Mithaka pirna inheritance
Mudburra birida
Mudburra yunba inheritance?
Ngamini tara inheritance
Ngarluma watha
Ngumbarl nimmardee nimardi inheritance
Nhirrpi wandi unique
Nimanburru midi midi inheritance
Northern Mangarla nyunyjurl
Northern Nyangumarta jina inheritance
Nyangumarta jina inheritance
Nyikina midi midi inheritance
Nyulnyul midi midi inheritance
Paakantyi garaga
Pirriya punkurl
Pitta-Pitta pirna inheritance
Rirratjingu maka
Ritharrngu baltharr
Walmajarri kanyji loan Nyikina
Wangkayutyuru mala unique
Warrwa -midi -midi inheritance
Yan-nhangu mukarr unknown
Yandruwandha maltji unique
Yarluyandi tharra inheritance
Yawarrawarrka miliri unique
Yawuru nimirdi nimirdi inheritance
Achagua húi: (M), káwa húi: (M), káwa inheritance See Language page
Piapoco càwa kàwa See Language page
Yukuna tajneji tahnehi unique See Language page
Tariana kawána kawána inheritance See Language page
Baniwa kawa kawa inheritance See Language page
Resígaro íphíkuba, hii?pákuba ípʰíkuba, hiiʔpákuba unique See Language page
Kabiyari nukawa nukawa See Language page
Yavitero ku¢u kutsu See Language page
Wapishana tabaɨj tabaɨj unique See Language page
Wayuu ta-saʔa See Language page
Yine ksɨxe; tpaľi Respectively: lower and upper leg. 'Femur (thighbone)' is tpaľ-hapɨ. See Language page
Paresi ehose, hoseti ehotse, hotseti unique See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page
Trinitario -pueɣe 'Shin-bone' is -noɣi. See Language page
Baure ni'pes ni'pes inheritance See Language page
Waurá -katɨ -katɨ unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'neepa Refers to entire leg and foot. The lower leg, including foot, is 'ne-'milʸa. The backside flesh from the knee to the heel is 'ne-'čanbe. See Language page
Bora (mé)-tʰáxkʰii (mέ)-tʰáxkʰii unique See Language page
Muinane xúúnu-ga xúúnu-ga See Language page
Akawaio eekmada eʔ'mada unique; inheritance See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect pisi pisi See Language page
Apalai axi axi inheritance See Language page
Wayana wasi wasi inheritance See Language page
Carijona hətɨ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó (pï)repa (also shin) repa inheritance See Language page
Eñepa ëjpëto, yëjpë ǝʰpǝto, jǝʰpǝ inheritance See Language page
Makiritare hētɨ (IDS) hētɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Makushi i-peʔ (IDS) i-peʔ (IDS) unknown See Language page
Mapoyo pEtï (petï); pore-ri (knee); pore yï'bï (kneecap); pEtï yë'bë (shin); pEtï punu'bë (calf) pətʊ (petʊ); pore-ri (knee); pore jʊ'bʊ (kneecap); pətʊ jɛ'bɛ (shin); pətʊ punu'bɛ (calf) See Language page
Pemon piechi'to (M2000) piechi'to (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai hrefu (SM) hrefu (SM) inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari kyse kɨse See Language page
Yabarana ehne po'ɾeɾi See Language page
Yukpa jauna, pitchi, sako, uaunuj, yusi, yuse See Language page
Muisca goca γoka See Language page
Barí kain Colombia: bidiinə; 'shin' is kaynə. *Chibchan form is *ka'ra. See Language page
Northern Emberá bhaakará bhaːkará See Language page
Epena 'hĩru; 'bɨɨrɨ Respectively used for: human or animal; human, animal, thing. The latter also means 'bone' 04.160. See Language page
Guayabero peh tit unique See Language page
Macaguan pe-bémɨtɨ unique See Language page
Sikuani pe-tópa: inheritance See Language page
Cuiva pe-tópa pierna, leg Huber & Reed 1992:25
Playero pe-táɨ-to, pe-tópa See Language page
Cofán ttena'ngo, tsu'tte thɛnaʔŋgo, tsɯʔthɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra paazich paaʂitʃ unique See Language page
Taushiro ana'hu' anaʔhuʔ See Language page
Páez čida ('leg, foot') čida ('leg, foot') See Language page
Tikuna perɛmã unique See Language page
Urarina anaaé anaaé unique See Language page
Camsa mɨntxá-xa mɨntxá-xa See Language page
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Waorani õdõ-ti unique See Language page
Hodï kʰiə unique See Language page
Pumé dyaí jú See Language page
Puinave [-pep] pep unique See Language page
Ashuar máku maku See Language page
Huambisa maku maku See Language page
Aguaruna kagkág kangkang unique See Language page
Nukak naat3 unique See Language page
Kakua wɨ̂-naʔ [leg-cl.tree.like] unique See Language page
Hup tɔk [thigh], j'ɨ [calf] tɔk [thigh], ɟ'ɨ [calf] unique See Language page
Dâw seèj [cotovelo até joelho], wâár [coxa] ʃæ̂ɟ (ankle-knee), wə̌h (thigh) unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tǝ̱:m (or ɟɨːm?; same as 'foot') unknown same as foot (poor data?) See Language page
Matses nite nite unknown See Language page
Kakataibo i'taṣ̌ Calf of leg' ipoko. *Panoan *wiʔtaṣ̌ɨ 'shin, lower leg'. *Panoan *wipoko 'calf of leg'. See Language page
Katukina hiṣ̌aš See Language page
Pacahuara 'wiko d'Orb huiko. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo witaṣ̌; kiši; wi- See Language page
Yaminahua kiši čičia See Language page
Chácobo wiko; wiko kiri wiko; wiko kiri inheritance See Language page
Yagua (upper ~) muda; (lower ~) duse muda; duse unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua changa tʃanga See Language page
Ingá changa tʃanga See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua changa tʃanga See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano chanka tʃanka See Language page
Piaroa tɨhtárema' tɨhtáremaɁ unique See Language page
Sáliva ũja ũha unique See Language page
Bará jĩ'kã See Language page
Barasano jĩkɨ̃́ jĩkɨ̃́ See Language page
Cubeo ãraðo ãɾaðo unique See Language page
Carapana jĩ'kã́ã jĩ'kã́ã See Language page
Desano ñigagᵾ jigagɨ inheritance See Language page
Kotiria ~yʉchʉ; da'po jʉ̃ʰʧṹ; daʔpó inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Makuna ñicʉgʉ̃ (for 'lower leg') jikɨgɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'jɨ̃́kãã 'jɨ̃́kãã See Language page
Waikhana jẽ'kɨ̃ jẽ'kɨ̃ See Language page
Siriano jĩ'gã́ jĩ'gã́ See Language page
Tanimuca dyĩkã ʎĩkã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo jĩ'kãã jĩ'kãã See Language page
Tukano dɨ'pô-kã dɨʔpô-kã inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Tuyuka jĩ'kã jĩ'kã See Language page
Waimaja ñĩ́kʰã́ ɲĩ́kʰã́ See Language page
Maihiki ɨsotada ja ɨ̃sotada xã unique See Language page
Koreguaje kũʔa-pɨ kũʔa-pɨ inheritance See Language page
Siona guënso gɨnso inheritance See Language page
Secoya quëso kɨ̃'sɔ See Language page
Nheengatu etimã etimã inheritance See Language page
Kokama tsutɨma tsutɨma inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -l-ɛtɨmã -l-ɛtɨmã inheritance See Language page
Aché kmakã unique See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)tɨ̃ma; (če-)tɨmãka inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní t-etɨma See Language page
Sirionó etimã; ekʷi etimã; ekʷi inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá etɨmɑkɑŋ etɨmɑkɑŋ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina odzákõa, odzááβũa odzákõa, odzááβɯ̃a inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ïdá-kairo ɯdá-kairo See Language page
Minica Witoto ïdá-kairo, rḯ.aï-kairo ɯdá-kairo, rɯ́.aɯ-kairo See Language page
Murui Witoto ɨdacaìro ɯdakaìro (B83) inheritance See Language page
Ninam makosi (EM72) makosi unique See Language page
Yanomam mathak matʰak inheritance See Language page
Yanomami matha matʰa inheritance See Language page
Sanumá wakɨ (EM72) wakɨ unique See Language page
Iquito áaja áaha unknown See Language page
Wari pišiyašiʔ; kokošiʔ piʃijaʃiʔ; kokoʃiʔ Respectively: 'lower leg; upper leg'. 'Leg bone' is arašiʔ (at). See Language page
Araona tiǰada; eta 'Shinbone' is tabesese; cf. 'back' 04.190. ebai refers to animals; cf. 'arm' 04.310. See Language page
Ese Ejja e-kise; e-ahoho inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-'sa; e-kise (Girard 1971) e-'sa; e-kise See Language page
Tacana e-tidada 'Shin-bone' is eta; e-taboc̷e. See Language page
Cavineña e-c̷a-ka e-ča-ka inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara chara čara See Language page
Cayuvava 'daǰɨ 'Lower leg' is βera; ri-βera. See Language page
Itonama uh-sawano; uh-mukakano The 'shin' is oh-niwasčačano. See Language page
Kwazá -kai -kai See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané xœɲœk See Language page
Movima ɬari-kʷa ɬari-kʷa See Language page
Trumai (ha) dak (ha) dak unique See Language page
Kaingang fa #NAME? See Language page
Canela ii-pa *Jê form is *ma. See Language page
Suyá tɛ tɛ See Language page
Djeoromitxi hetã hetã See Language page
Chipaya lis Uru-J form is lis. See Language page
Mocoví li-či See Language page
Pilagá li-či See Language page
Toba l-či See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Also means 'bone'; see 04.160. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apiɬkapok; aɬkapok See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋyok See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -ɬe'če See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -akyoxna ~ -ekyoxna See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -kaklɔʔ leg https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo oota'di See Language page
Mapudungun čaŋ Ranquel form is čan ~ čaŋ. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳʰat Sk, Bo. Be, Fe, Lu, Gui record the same for Central QWS. North and Central form also means 'foot'. Fi, Hy record kʰot for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam hali Lower front of leg is koʔč. See Language page
Tehuelche 'no Also 'yorn; 'eškrkˀn, 'de cintura a rodilla'. Also 'ha, from the knee to the ankle, from which bone marrow (caracú) is taken. See Language page
Kanamarí -am -am perna Magalhães 2018:351
Lokono dana(-ha) dana(-ha) leg Pet 1987:362
Kariña sei sei leg Yamada 2010:802