Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

child

Semantic Field: human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: niño, niña
Meaning Portuguese: criança

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	samáʃta, samálita	samáʃta, samálita		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		krumi		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	úchi/náwa	útʃi/náwa		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	mɨree	mɨre		inheritance	Pemongan		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	mɯre	mɯre					See Language page
Andoke	todi	todi		unique			See Language page
Apalai	poeto	poeto		unique			See Language page
Arabana	arluwa			doubtful loan	Arandic?
Araona		'bakʷa				Cf. 'snake' 03.850. Tacn form is baka.	See Language page
Ashuar	úchi	uʧi					See Language page
Ayoreo		diis-a'bi				Male child. Also diis-a'bi-a, 'female'.	See Language page
Baniwa	ienipétti	ienipét̪i		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	oo-te'-lah “children 4-12”			inheritance
Barasano	dakegɨ (m); dakego (f.)	dakegɨ (m); dakego (f.)					See Language page
Bardi	baawa	baawa		inheritance
Bare	hantitʃaɻe	hantitʃaɻe					See Language page
Bará		wi'bã́-gɨ					See Language page
Barí		asaaši				Colombia: bakurə, also means 'small' 12.560. Chibchan form is 'uaʔ-. Also means 'young (of an animal)'.	See Language page
Baure	mo	mo		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tua” “boy (son, child)			inheritance
Bora	tsʰɨ́ɨ́-me-ne	tsʰɨ́ɨ́-mɛ-nɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	jugu fC, mS			inheritance
Burarra	-gungarda / gu-ngarda			inheritance
Cahuilla	ki'at			loan direction unknown			S&H 1979
Camsa	báse-tema	báse-tema					See Language page
Canela		kʰrɨ				Jê form is krɨ.	See Language page
Carapana	cawĩmaʉ(acã), cawĩmao(acã)	kaʋĩmaɨ(akã), kaʋĩmaɔ(akã)					See Language page
Carijona	mure			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-bakʷa-ke	e-bakʷa-ke		doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown	Pano *βakɨ		See Language page
Cayuvava		mami; rɔmi				Cf. 'birth; egg'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	wawa	wawa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	7es:e-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		na; 'kaa-na					See Language page
Chemehuevi	piso/7oc(i)			inheritance
Chipaya		lukmaxč				Male child 'niño'.	See Language page
Chiriguano		mĩčia; meᵐbɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		kyale; kyale-ki				Respectively: male child; female child	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	tupmekch			unknown			Mithun 1997:235
Chumash Cruzeno	ku7Uchu/ “under 10”, kunup			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	suwa7 (“it cries”)			unknown			A 159
Chumash Obispeno	-suwa (son, daughter)			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	qunup			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	ṣ̌oko-βo; βakɨ	ṣ̌oko-βo; βakɨ		inheritance/Tacanan	Tacanan *baka		See Language page
Cocopa	kwanyu/k “child about age 3”			unknown
Cofán	du´shu/pusheshu du´shu, aipano (baby)	dyʔʃɯ, aipano				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tye7ty, tyehpy7ry, tyrye,			inheritance
Cubeo	jʉeðocʉ	xɨɛðokɨ		unique			See Language page
Cuiva		pe-xúj-o	niño, child				Huber & Reed 1992:327
Cupeño	-na'aqwa	[na'aqwə]		loan
Desano	majigʉ, majigo	mahigɨ, mahigo		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	yothu			inheritance
Dhuwal	waku
Dhuwala	djamarrkuḻi(')			inheritance
Diyari	kupa			semantic shift
DiyariREU	wordu			unique
Djambarrpuyngu	yothu			unknown
Djapu	yothu			unknown
Djeoromitxi	djiri	dʒiri					See Language page
Djinang	gurrminang			unknown
Dâw	dâw teè	dəw tê		semantic shift			See Language page
Epena		'war̃a				Also means 'son'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-ɓakʷa; e-šoʔinee		unique			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	dexa sisi; čawa	dexa sisi; čawa					See Language page
Esselen	-pana "child, son"			unknown			Henshaw in Shaul 1995:202
Eñepa	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	kweti:7 (boy? baby?)			unknown
Gajirrabeng	woolooleng			inheritance
Gooniyandi	joogoo, booga			doubtful loan
Guayabero		jimxɨ́-tʃ		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	yothu			inheritance
Gurindji	karu			inheritance
Hodï	ini/ha - boy hau - girl			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	uchi/nuwach	utʃi/nuwatʃ					See Language page
Hup	dóʔ	dóʔ		unique			See Language page
Ignaciano		amuya					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	elymaam	[Ɂəʎˈm aˑm]		loan
Ingá	wambra	wambra					See Language page
Iquito	maáya	maája		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		ahmay-ʔye; oh-kˀiʔye				Plural forms.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	ba:b	baab		inheritance
Jaru	jingga			unique
Jawi	boar	bo		inheritance
Kabiyari	ejí-pé	ejí-pé					See Language page
Kaingang	gĩr, ũn-sĩ	ŋĩr; ũn-sĩ					See Language page
Kakataibo		βakɨ				Panoan βakɨ; *pi[s]t[i]a.	See Language page
Kakua		wébit		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	pitaŋ (M2000)	pitaŋ (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	4148			inheritance
Karajá		uladu					See Language page
Kariña	pitjan	pitjan	child				Yamada 2010:792
Karitiana	õwã	õwã		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		yomɨ-pičṣ̌a					See Language page
Kawaiisu	pishy7oo-chi			inheritance
Kija	kurntuka-			unique
Kiliwa	nay			unknown
Kitanemuk	mayhat			inheritance
Kokama	ɨcratsen	ɨkɾatsen		unique			See Language page
Koreguaje	chiiʉ (male), chĩio (female)	dʒiiʉ, dʒĩio		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~ba('a)	~ba(ʔa)		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	etohoi	etohoi					See Language page
Lake Miwok	7e/laj			loan direction unknown
Lengua		(in)sakyaa				The first syllable is often deleted.	See Language page
Lokono	ibili	ibili	child				Pet 1987:353
Luiseño	kiha:-t			loan direction unknown
Maca		ome-ɬas (m.)				(Female) child' is omeɬas-kiʔ (f.).	See Language page
Macaguan		sútio		unique			See Language page
Maidu	te/			inheritance
Maihiki	ñitu aguɨ (male)/ñitu ago (female)	ɲitu agɨ / ɲitu ago		unknown			See Language page
Makiritare	nnedɨ (IDS); inñe:dü (KH), nnedü (KH)	nnedɨ; inɲe:dɨ (KH)		unique			See Language page
Makuna	~bakɨaka (m); ~bakoaka (f); ~riaka (pl)	~bakɨaka (m); ~bakoaka (f); ~riaka (pl)		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	moré	moré		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: kuwa			inheritance?
Mangala	kartu			semantic shift
Mapoyo	warastëkomo (masculine); wërya'mu (feminine); muku (neuter)	warastɛkomo (masculine); wɛrja'mu (feminine); muku (neuter)					See Language page
Mapudungun		piči-če				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	bacuë	bakuɨ		inheritance/Tacanan	Tacanan *baka		See Language page
Minica Witoto	úru.e	úru.ɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	woolaleng			inheritance
Mithaka	purla			unique
Mocoví		nokt-okiʔ				Lit. 'child-diminutive (masc)'.	See Language page
Mojave	humar, ith'aw			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		mi'ki-t					See Language page
Movima	ɗiči-ye	ɗiči-je					See Language page
Mudburra	430
Mudburra	karu			doubtful loan
Muinane	séémene, gaí-ɸíí-séé {being-male-child}	sέέmɛnɛ, gaí-ɸíí-sέέ {being-male-child}					See Language page
Muisca	guasgua cha	γuasγua ʂa					See Language page
Murui Witoto	uru.e	uru.ɛ		doubtful loan	Yanomami		See Language page
Mutsun	sinni			inheritance			O77:49
Máku		maʔ'sa					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		karapéː		unique	morph complex?		See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	huarmi huahua (female), cari huahua (male)	waɾmi wawa, kaɾi wawa					See Language page
Ngamini	kupa			semantic shift
Ngandi	dhaku			loan direction unknown
Ngarluma	manyga
Ngumbarl	wooba	wuba		inheritance
Nheengatu	taina, aina	taina, aina		unique			See Language page
Nhirrpi	muruwa pulya			inheritance
Nimanburru	ba""be-nin_	baabe-ning		inheritance
Ninam	ulu, ɨrɨ (EM72, "boy"), thɨwə tai (EM72 "girl"), moko (EM72 "girl")	ulu, ɨɾɨ (EM72, "boy"), tʰɨwə tai, moko		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	pyjyty “children”			unknown
Nivaclé		taɔklax	child				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	oárra zaké	oárra zaké					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	kartu
Northern Nyangumarta	yapanykarra			inheritance
Northern Paiute	duaki “children”			inheritance			SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok	7ehe:l-y-			inheritance
Nukak		weʔ4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	partany			inheritance
Nyikina	baba	baba		inheritance
Nyulnyul	ba""be-nin_	baabe-ning		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	kïní-ma /hítaru	kɯní-ma /hítaru					See Language page
Ocaina	xaviin	xaβĩĩ		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	mobo			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		mitã					See Language page
Paresi	xoima	ʃoima		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	mɨree (E1980); müre (M2000)	mɨre (E1980)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	sùmài, sùmàu	sùmài, sùmàu					See Language page
Piaroa	ji'kichawa	hĩ̃kʔĩtʃãwã		unique			See Language page
Pilagá		noot-ole-k; noot-ole				Respectively: masc.; fem.'.	See Language page
Pirriya	“mararida”			doubtful loan
Pitta-Pitta	351			unique
Plains Miwok	pyne-			unknown
Playero		pihitán-jo					See Language page
Puinave	tɨi-wãi	tɨi-wãi		unique			See Language page
Pumé	buíchjĩ						See Language page
Páez	aloch	alotʃ					See Language page
Qawasqar		eyxyol				Also kaweskʰar-yeke, lit. 'person-?-small' (02.100 and 12.560). Bo, Fe record ayol for Central QWS. SpS records ayol for South QWS. Fi records kose 'baby' for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	pasña (female)	pasɲa					See Language page
Rirratjingu	ratha'			inheritance
Ritharrngu	jama			inheritance
Salinan A	as (A),			unknown
Salinan M	sepxa:/			unknown			Mason 1918:134
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apkitka				Also used for 'infant'.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		sekaʔa; eewen; sekaʔa yetkok; sekaʔa pketkok					See Language page
Sanumá	ula (EM72, "boy"), uia (EM72, "boy"), suɨ ose (EM72 "girl"), moko (EM72 "girl")	ula, uia, suɨ ose, moko		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	mamaquë, mamaco	mã'mãkɨ, mã'mãkɔ					See Language page
Selknam		tˀelḳn					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	zaxt quisil, zixquisi/il			unknown
Serrano	anyi:7c-i7 “small one, little one, baby, child”			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		βakɨ; βakɨ-šoko; čiβa					See Language page
Sikuani		tsikiri-híwi-jo: (pehéwa-xi: 'niños' - children)		unknown			See Language page
Siona	mami	mami		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	majĩgʉ/ o	mahĩgɨ/ o					See Language page
Sirionó	ei̯tãkeĩ; kiã ~ ekiã; mia riirĩ; eriirĩ	ei̯tãkeĩ; kiã ~ ekiã; mia riirĩ; eriirĩ		unique			See Language page
Southern Paiute	tua-G			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	llullu wawa	ʎuʎu wawa					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	7esel:y-			inheritance
Southern Ute	tuachI			inheritance
Sáliva	nee	neː		unique			See Language page
Tacana		yanana					See Language page
Tanimuca	bẽʔ'rõ (girl); bẽʔ'rĩ (boy); 'bãkĩ 're (boy); bẽʔ'rã 'ka (children)	bẽʔ'rõ (girl); bẽʔ'rĩ (boy); 'bãkĩ 're (boy); bẽʔ'rã 'ka (children)		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	emíte, emípeni	emíte, emípeni		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	ka-'wĩbã-ɨ̃	ka-'wĩbã-ɨ̃					See Language page
Taushiro	iva´	iwaʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'tˀaleʔnk				Means 'boy' 02.250.	See Language page
Tikuna	buxũ [3, 2]	buʔɨ̃		unique			See Language page
Tinigua	nɨzɨ						See Language page
Tiriyó	mure	mure		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		nogot; negot					See Language page
Trinitario		ʔmoyo; 'ʔmoperu					See Language page
Trumai	kik=noxo; di=noxo (Respectively: male child; female child)	kik=noxo; di=noxo (Respectively: male child; female child)		unique			See Language page
Tukano	wĩ'magʉ́~, wĩ'mʉ̃	wĩ'magɨ́~, wĩ'mɨ̃		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	wĩ'bã-gɨ̃; wĩ'bã-gõ	wĩʔbã-gɨ̃; wĩʔbã-gõ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	tuumu-un, tu7mul “baby”			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	piammyttsi			unique
Urarina	beree, kanaanaj	beɽe:, kana:naj		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	rikomo	rikomo		unique			See Language page
Waikhana	bãkãdã-gã	bãkãdã-gã					See Language page
Waimaja	da'ké-g(ɨ/o) (masc./fem.)	da'ké-g(ɨ/o) (masc./fem.)					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	baxinja; var. bahinja	baʃiɲa; bahiɲa					See Language page
Walmajarri	yapa			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	parli			unique
Waorani	wẽẽñæ̃ wį́į́ñæ̨			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	kuraiˀdaunaa	kuraiˀdaunaa		unknown			See Language page
Wappo	7e/yk'a “child, baby, son”			unknown
Warao	noboto	noboto					See Language page
Wari	piyeʔ	pijeʔ					See Language page
Washo	nga/wngang			unknown			J?
Waurá	yamuku-tai	jamuku-tai		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	yaʔɨ	jaʔɨ		unique			See Language page
Wayana	mule	mule		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		hintɨi (~ hintɨ-ľi)				Refers to male child; female is hintuľu.	See Language page
Western Mono	tuwapy/7			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		hano'hʷah					See Language page
Wintu	-lye			inheritance
Wubuy	wirrig			unique
Yabarana		mu:ku					See Language page
Yagua	dera	ndera		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		βakɨ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ratha			inheritance
Yandruwandha	muduwa			inheritance
Yanomam	ufuru (boy), moko (EM72 "girl")	ufuɾu, moko		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	mãrãnãpɨ (boy), suwə hərɨ (girl), ihiru (child), ihiru oše (infant), , suwə hərɨ (EM72 "girl"), moko (EM72 "girl")	mãɾãnãpɨ, suwə həɾɨ, ihiɾu, ihiɾu osʃe, suwə həɾɨ, moko		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	ngatha-palki			unique
Yavapai	tha/wa “offspring, child”			inheritance
Yavitero	ľ̥ihani	ľ̥ihani					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	bula			unique
Yawuru	baba	baba		inheritance
Yine		whene ~ wɨhene					See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	wechHip			inheritance			W&G
Yokuts Yawdanchi	wit'epH			inheritance			K07:240,G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	witep, wiCHep			inheritance			N 1944 38, G1964
Yuhup	dóʔ	dóʔ		unique			See Language page
Yuki	sak			inheritance			S&S1984
Yukpa	kajcha, kampsi	maʂukapa					See Language page
Yukuna	to'ojmá	toʔohmá		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	xu:ma/r H3:212			unknown
Yuruti	'wĩbã-gɨ̃	'wĩbã-gɨ̃					See Language page
Záparo	m+aricha	mɨaɾiʧa					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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