Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

child

Semantic Field
human
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
niño, niña
Meaning Portuguese
criança

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim oo-te'-lah “children 4-12” inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tua” “boy (son, child) inheritance
Cahuilla ki'at loan direction unknown S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7es:e- inheritance
Chemehuevi piso/7oc(i) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno tupmekch unknown Mithun 1997:235
Chumash Cruzeno ku7Uchu/ “under 10”, kunup unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno suwa7 (“it cries”) unknown A 159
Chumash Obispeno -suwa (son, daughter) unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno qunup unknown JPH
Cocopa kwanyu/k “child about age 3” unknown
Comanche tye7ty, tyehpy7ry, tyrye, inheritance
Cupeño -na'aqwa [na'aqwə] loan
Esselen -pana "child, son" unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:202
Gabrielino kweti:7 (boy? baby?) unknown
Iipay 'Aa elymaam [Ɂəʎˈm aˑm] loan
Kawaiisu pishy7oo-chi inheritance
Kiliwa nay unknown
Kitanemuk mayhat inheritance
Lake Miwok 7e/laj loan direction unknown
Luiseño kiha:-t loan direction unknown
Maidu te/ inheritance
Mojave humar, ith'aw inheritance
Mutsun sinni inheritance O77:49
Nisenan pyjyty “children” unknown
Northern Paiute duaki “children” inheritance SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ehe:l-y- inheritance
Plains Miwok pyne- unknown
Salinan A as (A), unknown
Salinan M sepxa:/ unknown Mason 1918:134
Seri (Comcaac) zaxt quisil, zixquisi/il unknown
Serrano anyi:7c-i7 “small one, little one, baby, child” inheritance
Southern Paiute tua-G inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7esel:y- inheritance
Southern Ute tuachI inheritance
Tübatulabal tuumu-un, tu7mul “baby” inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone piammyttsi unique
Wappo 7e/yk'a “child, baby, son” unknown
Washo nga/wngang unknown J?
Western Mono tuwapy/7 inheritance
Wintu -lye inheritance
Yavapai tha/wa “offspring, child” inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami wechHip inheritance W&G
Yokuts Yawdanchi wit'epH inheritance K07:240,G64
Yokuts Yowlumne witep, wiCHep inheritance N 1944 38, G1964
Yuki sak inheritance S&S1984
Yuma xu:ma/r H3:212 unknown
Baniwa ienipétti ienipét̪i inheritance See Language page
Carijona mure inheritance See Language page
Cubeo jʉeðocʉ xɨɛðokɨ unique See Language page
Dâw dâw teè dəw tê semantic shift See Language page
Desano majigʉ, majigo mahigɨ, mahigo inheritance See Language page
Eñepa #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Hodï ini/ha - boy hau - girl unique See Language page
Waorani wẽẽñæ̃ wį́į́ñæ̨ unique See Language page
Hup dóʔ dóʔ unique See Language page
Kakua wébit inheritance See Language page
Makushi moré moré inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu taina, aina taina, aina unique See Language page
Ninam ulu, ɨrɨ (EM72, "boy"), thɨwə tai (EM72 "girl"), moko (EM72 "girl") ulu, ɨɾɨ (EM72, "boy"), tʰɨwə tai, moko inheritance See Language page
Nukak weʔ4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ñitu aguɨ (male)/ñitu ago (female) ɲitu agɨ / ɲitu ago unknown See Language page
Pemon mɨree (E1980); müre (M2000) mɨre (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ula (EM72, "boy"), uia (EM72, "boy"), suɨ ose (EM72 "girl"), moko (EM72 "girl") ula, uia, suɨ ose, moko inheritance See Language page
Sikuani tsikiri-híwi-jo: (pehéwa-xi: 'niños' - children) unknown See Language page
Tariana emíte, emípeni emíte, emípeni inheritance See Language page
Tukano wĩ'magʉ́~, wĩ'mʉ̃ wĩ'magɨ́~, wĩ'mɨ̃ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~ba('a) ~ba(ʔa) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam ufuru (boy), moko (EM72 "girl") ufuɾu, moko inheritance See Language page
Yanomami mãrãnãpɨ (boy), suwə hərɨ (girl), ihiru (child), ihiru oše (infant), , suwə hərɨ (EM72 "girl"), moko (EM72 "girl") mãɾãnãpɨ, suwə həɾɨ, ihiɾu, ihiɾu osʃe, suwə həɾɨ, moko inheritance See Language page
Yukuna to'ojmá toʔohmá inheritance See Language page
Yuhup dóʔ dóʔ unique See Language page
Arabana arluwa doubtful loan Arandic?
Bardi baawa baawa inheritance
Bunuba jugu fC, mS inheritance
Burarra -gungarda / gu-ngarda inheritance
Dhangu yothu inheritance
Dhuwal waku
Dhuwala djamarrkuḻi(') inheritance
Diyari kupa semantic shift
DiyariREU wordu unique
Djambarrpuyngu yothu unknown
Djapu yothu unknown
Djinang gurrminang unknown
Gajirrabeng woolooleng inheritance
Gooniyandi joogoo, booga doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu yothu inheritance
Gurindji karu inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr ba:b baab inheritance
Jaru jingga unique
Jawi boar bo inheritance
Karajarri 4148 inheritance
Kija kurntuka- unique
Malyangapa Mal: kuwa inheritance?
Mangala kartu semantic shift
Miriwung woolaleng inheritance
Mithaka purla unique
Mudburra 430
Mudburra karu doubtful loan
Ngamini kupa semantic shift
Ngandi dhaku loan direction unknown
Ngarluma manyga
Ngumbarl wooba wuba inheritance
Nhirrpi muruwa pulya inheritance
Nimanburru ba""be-nin_ baabe-ning inheritance
Northern Mangarla kartu
Northern Nyangumarta yapanykarra inheritance
Nyangumarta partany inheritance
Nyikina baba baba inheritance
Nyulnyul ba""be-nin_ baabe-ning inheritance
Paakantyi mobo unique
Pirriya “mararida” doubtful loan
Pitta-Pitta 351 unique
Rirratjingu ratha' inheritance
Ritharrngu jama inheritance
Walmajarri yapa inheritance
Wangkayutyuru parli unique
Wubuy wirrig unique
Yan-nhangu ratha inheritance
Yandruwandha muduwa inheritance
Yarluyandi ngatha-palki unique
Yawarrawarrka bula unique
Yawuru baba baba inheritance
Achagua samáʃta, samálita samáʃta, samálita inheritance See Language page
Piapoco sùmài, sùmàu sùmài, sùmàu See Language page
Kabiyari ejí-pé ejí-pé See Language page
Yavitero ľ̥ihani ľ̥ihani See Language page
Bare hantitʃaɻe hantitʃaɻe See Language page
Wapishana kuraiˀdaunaa kuraiˀdaunaa unknown See Language page
Wayuu hintɨi (~ hintɨ-ľi) Refers to male child; female is hintuľu. See Language page
Yine whene ~ wɨhene See Language page
Paresi xoima ʃoima inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano amuya See Language page
Trinitario ʔmoyo; 'ʔmoperu See Language page
Baure mo mo inheritance See Language page
Waurá yamuku-tai jamuku-tai inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa na; 'kaa-na See Language page
Bora tsʰɨ́ɨ́-me-ne tsʰɨ́ɨ́-mɛ-nɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane séémene, gaí-ɸíí-séé {being-male-child} sέέmɛnɛ, gaí-ɸíí-sέέ {being-male-child} See Language page
Akawaio mɨree mɨre inheritance Pemongan See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect mɯre mɯre See Language page
Apalai poeto poeto unique See Language page
Wayana mule mule inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó mure mure inheritance See Language page
Makiritare nnedɨ (IDS); inñe:dü (KH), nnedü (KH) nnedɨ; inɲe:dɨ (KH) unique See Language page
Mapoyo warastëkomo (masculine); wërya'mu (feminine); muku (neuter) warastɛkomo (masculine); wɛrja'mu (feminine); muku (neuter) See Language page
Wai Wai rikomo rikomo unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari baxinja; var. bahinja baʃiɲa; bahiɲa See Language page
Yabarana mu:ku See Language page
Yukpa kajcha, kampsi maʂukapa See Language page
Muisca guasgua cha γuasγua ʂa See Language page
Barí asaaši Colombia: bakurə, also means 'small' 12.560. *Chibchan form is *'uaʔ-. Also means 'young (of an animal)'. See Language page
Northern Emberá oárra zaké oárra zaké See Language page
Epena 'war̃a Also means 'son'. See Language page
Guayabero jimxɨ́-tʃ unique See Language page
Macaguan sútio unique See Language page
Cuiva pe-xúj-o niño, child Huber & Reed 1992:327
Playero pihitán-jo See Language page
Cofán du´shu/pusheshu du´shu, aipano (baby) dyʔʃɯ, aipano phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro iva´ iwaʔ See Language page
Páez aloch alotʃ See Language page
Tikuna buxũ [3, 2] buʔɨ̃ unique See Language page
Urarina beree, kanaanaj beɽe:, kana:naj unique See Language page
Camsa báse-tema báse-tema See Language page
Andoke todi todi unique See Language page
Pumé buíchjĩ See Language page
Tinigua nɨzɨ See Language page
Puinave tɨi-wãi tɨi-wãi unique See Language page
Máku maʔ'sa See Language page
Warao noboto noboto See Language page
Ashuar úchi uʧi See Language page
Huambisa uchi/nuwach utʃi/nuwatʃ See Language page
Aguaruna úchi/náwa útʃi/náwa inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect karapéː unique morph complex? See Language page
Matses bacuë bakuɨ inheritance/Tacanan Tacanan *baka See Language page
Kakataibo βakɨ *Panoan *βakɨ; *pi[s]t[i]a. See Language page
Katukina yomɨ-pičṣ̌a See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βakɨ; βakɨ-šoko; čiβa See Language page
Yaminahua βakɨ See Language page
Chácobo ṣ̌oko-βo; βakɨ ṣ̌oko-βo; βakɨ inheritance/Tacanan Tacanan *baka See Language page
Yagua dera ndera unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua llullu wawa ʎuʎu wawa See Language page
Ingá wambra wambra See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua huarmi huahua (female), cari huahua (male) waɾmi wawa, kaɾi wawa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano pasña (female) pasɲa See Language page
Piaroa ji'kichawa hĩ̃kʔĩtʃãwã unique See Language page
Sáliva nee neː unique See Language page
Bará wi'bã́-gɨ See Language page
Barasano dakegɨ (m); dakego (f.) dakegɨ (m); dakego (f.) See Language page
Carapana cawĩmaʉ(acã), cawĩmao(acã) kaʋĩmaɨ(akã), kaʋĩmaɔ(akã) See Language page
Makuna ~bakɨaka (m); ~bakoaka (f); ~riaka (pl) ~bakɨaka (m); ~bakoaka (f); ~riaka (pl) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'wĩbã-gɨ̃ 'wĩbã-gɨ̃ See Language page
Waikhana bãkãdã-gã bãkãdã-gã See Language page
Siriano majĩgʉ/ o mahĩgɨ/ o See Language page
Tanimuca bẽʔ'rõ (girl); bẽʔ'rĩ (boy); 'bãkĩ 're (boy); bẽʔ'rã 'ka (children) bẽʔ'rõ (girl); bẽʔ'rĩ (boy); 'bãkĩ 're (boy); bẽʔ'rã 'ka (children) inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo ka-'wĩbã-ɨ̃ ka-'wĩbã-ɨ̃ See Language page
Tuyuka wĩ'bã-gɨ̃; wĩ'bã-gõ wĩʔbã-gɨ̃; wĩʔbã-gõ See Language page
Waimaja da'ké-g(ɨ/o) (masc./fem.) da'ké-g(ɨ/o) (masc./fem.) See Language page
Koreguaje chiiʉ (male), chĩio (female) dʒiiʉ, dʒĩio inheritance See Language page
Siona mami mami inheritance See Language page
Secoya mamaquë, mamaco mã'mãkɨ, mã'mãkɔ See Language page
Karitiana õwã õwã unknown See Language page
Kokama ɨcratsen ɨkɾatsen unique See Language page
Wayampi yaʔɨ jaʔɨ unique See Language page
Aché krumi inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano mĩčia; meᵐbɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní mitã See Language page
Sirionó ei̯tãkeĩ; kiã ~ ekiã; mia riirĩ; eriirĩ ei̯tãkeĩ; kiã ~ ekiã; mia riirĩ; eriirĩ unique See Language page
Kamayurá pitaŋ (M2000) pitaŋ (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina xaviin xaβĩĩ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto kïní-ma /hítaru kɯní-ma /hítaru See Language page
Minica Witoto úru.e úru.ɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto uru.e uru.ɛ doubtful loan Yanomami See Language page
Iquito maáya maája unknown See Language page
Záparo m+aricha mɨaɾiʧa See Language page
Wari piyeʔ pijeʔ See Language page
Araona 'bakʷa Cf. 'snake' 03.850. *Tacn form is *baka. See Language page
Ese Ejja e-ɓakʷa; e-šoʔinee unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo dexa sisi; čawa dexa sisi; čawa See Language page
Tacana yanana See Language page
Cavineña e-bakʷa-ke e-bakʷa-ke doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Pano *βakɨ See Language page
Central Aymara wawa wawa See Language page
Cayuvava mami; rɔmi Cf. 'birth; egg'. See Language page
Itonama ahmay-ʔye; oh-kˀiʔye Plural forms. See Language page
Kwazá etohoi etohoi See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané mi'ki-t See Language page
Movima ɗiči-ye ɗiči-je See Language page
Trumai kik=noxo; di=noxo (Respectively: male child; female child) kik=noxo; di=noxo (Respectively: male child; female child) unique See Language page
Kaingang gĩr, ũn-sĩ ŋĩr; ũn-sĩ See Language page
Canela kʰrɨ *Jê form is *krɨ. See Language page
Karajá uladu See Language page
Djeoromitxi djiri dʒiri See Language page
Chipaya lukmaxč Male child 'niño'. See Language page
Mocoví nokt-okiʔ Lit. 'child-diminutive (masc)'. See Language page
Pilagá noot-ole-k; noot-ole Respectively: masc.; fem.'. See Language page
Toba nogot; negot See Language page
Lengua (in)sakyaa The first syllable is often deleted. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkitka Also used for 'infant'. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet sekaʔa; eewen; sekaʔa yetkok; sekaʔa pketkok See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hano'hʷah See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja kyale; kyale-ki Respectively: male child; female child See Language page
Maca ome-ɬas (m.) (Female) child' is omeɬas-kiʔ (f.). See Language page
Nivaclé taɔklax child https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo diis-a'bi Male child. Also diis-a'bi-a, 'female'. See Language page
Mapudungun piči-če Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar eyxyol Also kaweskʰar-yeke, lit. 'person-?-small' (02.100 and 12.560). Bo, Fe record ayol for Central QWS. SpS records ayol for South QWS. Fi records kose 'baby' for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam tˀelḳn See Language page
Tehuelche 'tˀaleʔnk Means 'boy' 02.250. See Language page
Lokono ibili ibili child Pet 1987:353
Kariña pitjan pitjan child Yamada 2010:792