Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

open/uncover

Semantic Field
other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
abrir
Meaning Portuguese
abrir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim ahk lan'-no 217 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Cahuilla -hakush unknown S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok po:haj-y-, poh:aj-y:- unknown
Chemehuevi taty/win7a unknown
Chumash Barbareno 7ush-ka/l (be open of razor clam in Wash p. 406 and vt of door p. 436) inheritance Klar 1977:102
Chumash Ineseno 7uch-qHal inheritance Klar 1977:102
Chumash Obispeno tYe-tYa, (k)she-tYa inheritance Klar 1977:103
Chumash Ventureno 7ush-qal inheritance Klar 1977:103
Cocopa cuma/n, 7u:ku/p unknown
Comanche matuhwary, tohtywary unique
Cupeño kapel-in [kapəlin] inheritance
Gabrielino av/-ve-a^ (opposite of “shut”) unknown CHM/MC255
Iipay 'Aa uuttaq [uˑ˅ˈtaq] inheritance
Kawaiisu ta7avina- unknown
Kiliwa kap unknown
Kitanemuk 7a7nk (trans) unknown
Lake Miwok wi/t inheritance
Luiseño heda~i- unknown
Maidu pu/l inheritance
Mojave itaq=(of door or box w/ hinge, intr), tataq=,(by pulling apart, often w/ noise) inheritance
Mutsun SYachwe “opens unknown O77:49
Nisenan pylk'oj inheritance
Northern Paiute -kwonao (sg), unknown SAA?
Northern Sierra Miwok jowu:t-u- unknown
Plains Miwok tektu- inheritance
Salinan A (p)ele:/t'o (A), (p)e/lextLo (pl) “open” unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) caatjc unknown
Serrano A:n-(a)7kin, A:nY7 (intr) unknown
Southern Paiute -cara:- to open, bare inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7eTu:l unknown
Southern Ute chawi7ni inheritance
Tübatulabal lesha-t (vi) loan
Tümpisa Shoshone tsattawin inheritance
Wappo ch'ach'e/l'i7 unknown
Washo beyéc'ɨk sáʔa unknown Washo Project
Western Mono tsitaagi- (using hands) unknown
Wintu xilama unknown
Yavapai kWa_kv?i “open slowly” unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi at:id (7aTi-d) inheritance K07:246
Yokuts Yowlumne 7aTl- inheritance N 1944 p. 30
Yuki hil (vt) inheritance S&S 1984
Baniwa mheéta mheéta inheritance See Language page
Carijona ahumaka (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo ovayʉ ovajɨ unique See Language page
Dâw pô’ poʔ inheritance See Language page
Desano pãgú-ri pãgú-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -ipipu-ka- (IDS) -ipipu-ka- (IDS) unknown See Language page
Hodï wai unique See Language page
Waorani wi æ̃de unique See Language page
Hup poʔ- poʔ- inheritance See Language page
Kakua wãt unknown See Language page
Makushi atarakamɨ-ka (IDS) atarakamɨ-ka (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu pirári pirári inheritance? See Language page
Ninam karora (EM72) kaɾoɾa inheritance See Language page
Pemon warau-ka, arakam-bu-ka, chi-ri-mo, charamo, aranka, apu-ka (A1981) waɾauka, aɾakambuka, tʃiɾimo, tʃaɾamo, aɾanka, apuka (A1981) inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Resígaro a?kó aʔkó doubtful loan Carib, cf. Ingariko aʔkoka See Language page
Sanumá hakopa (EM72) hakopa unique See Language page
Sikuani wüpata (2) wɨpáta inheritance See Language page
Tariana hála hála unique See Language page
Tukano pãâ pãâ inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria to open wide (intran.): bʉkʉ bʉʰkʉ unique See Language page
Yanomam kero (EM72) keɾo inheritance See Language page
Yanomami (mɨ) hape-aɨ (mɨ) hape-aɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna me'etákeja meʔetákeha inheritance See Language page
Yuhup poʔ poʔ inheritance See Language page
Arabana parlu unique
Bardi lambard -(i)nya- lambard -(i)nya- inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra lapkujama loan Yolngu
Dhangu barryun unknown
Dhuwal ḻapmaram
Dhuwala dayaŋgi unknown
Diyari biringananta inheritance?
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang lapmiri-gi inheritance
Gajirrabeng beng unique
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji warnparlk ma- loan Miriwung
Jabirr-Jabirr ga""b ma-man kaab ma-man inheritance
Jaru banggaj inheritance
Karajarri pal inheritance
Kija remparrk unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala lipurra unknown
Miriwung beng unique NJ
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra warlk (warnd-u)
Mudburra warlk unique
Ngamini birinta inheritance?
Ngarluma thayaka-lku unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru lambad lambad inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta pirli jini-(V3) unknown
Nyangumarta kurta-rna (2) unknown
Nyikina balaṛ balaṛ unique
Nyulnyul bab -nyu- bab -nyu- inheritance
Paakantyi biyara unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta marrha unique
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu ḻarr'yun unknown
Walmajarri larntakpa- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru marnamarra- unique
Yan-nhangu ḻapmiyama inheritance
Yandruwandha pindr(a?) unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka pirinari inheritance?
Yawuru ngalal + ngalal + unique
Achagua mékueri mékueri inheritance See Language page
Piapoco nùacùaca; nucuculíadaca. nùakùaka; nukukulíadaka. See Language page
Kabiyari mée-há mée-há See Language page
Yavitero kálaja kálaha See Language page
Bare kutʃia kutʃia See Language page
Wapishana daʔatʰa-n daʔatʰa-n unique See Language page
Wayuu ohutaľa To open the mouth, a door, a jar, etc. Also awaľa, to split open, and other forms depending on the context. See Language page
Paresi majiholatya matʃiholatya unique See Language page
Ignaciano -wehiaka; 'tehiaka See Language page
Trinitario ewac̷ako Also ehoko; -wehoko. See Language page
Baure 'βe-ha 'βe-ha unique See Language page
Waurá wanaka (open a door); paitʸa (open a lid) wanaka; paitʸa inheritance; unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'huu-na; 'hadʸa See Language page
Bora paayúcu, wájɨhtúcu (T98) pʰaajɯ́kɯ, kʷáxɨʔtʰɯ́kɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane fááyɨ́cɨhi (W97) ɸáájɨ́kɨʔi See Language page
Akawaio waraubang (adj.) wa'raʊbaŋ (adj.) inheritance See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect aʔkoka aʔkoka See Language page
Apalai apuruhmakãko apuruhmakãko inheritance See Language page
Wayana apuwa apuwa inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó rowaka rowaka inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai ahru-nka-kɨ ahru-nka-kɨ unknown See Language page
Yukpa echo, etapka, satapka, sékaipo, sestatka, setapka, setápkak, sütapka, tetapka, tötaptka See Language page
Northern Emberá eoabɨ̃́ eoabɨ̃́ See Language page
Epena ewa- See Language page
Macaguan pátarp, yótarb pátarp, yótarb inheritance; unknown See Language page
Cofán fettaye fɛthajɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Páez pjandeni pxandeni See Language page
Tikuna na3ya5wa2xna2 (A58) najawaʔna unique See Language page
Urarina tʉreta tʉreta unique See Language page
Andoke dʌ'á dʌʔá unique See Language page
Pumé are-goɛ See Language page
Puinave [-hui + yik] hui + yik unique See Language page
Ashuar uráimu, epénchamu uraimu, ɨpɨntʃamu See Language page
Huambisa uraitsa uraitsa See Language page
Aguaruna dakaekáu. juwáekiu dakaɨkau, xuwaɨkiu unknown; unknown See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect je:ɲ, jḛ:j inheritance cognate Dâw See Language page
Matses bëcado bɨkado inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo βɨ'oka-ti Transitive verb. ṣ̌ɨ'oka-ti 'to open a door'. See Language page
Katukina βɨpɨ̃- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo čopeti See Language page
Yaminahua βɨpɨ-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo hapɨkɨ-; hapɨka- (the former is intransitive, the latter is transitive) hapɨkɨ-; hapɨka- (the former is intransitive, the latter is transitive) inheritance See Language page
Yagua mudtarya (adj.); nantay (to be ~) mudtarja; nantaj unique See Language page
Ingá paska paska See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua pascana paskana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kichay (CP94) kitʃaj See Language page
Sáliva ajadajaha, cañadajaha ahadahaʔa, kaɲadahaʔa unknown See Language page
Carapana pããrĩqũẽ pããɾĩkẽ See Language page
Makuna jãna-re xãna-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca dyaʔ'a ri'ka ʎaʔ'a ri'ka unique See Language page
Secoya pa'pa (abrirse) paʔpa See Language page
Kokama yatse (to ~) yatse unique See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance? See Language page
Aché ǰeɨwɨ unique See Language page
Chiriguano pea inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní peʔa See Language page
Sirionó eekia hi eekia hi inheritance See Language page
Ocaina fuura ɸɯɯra unique See Language page
Murui Witoto tuide, cuaranote tuidɛ, kuaranotɛ (B83) unknown See Language page
Wari pa' (E&K97) paʔ (E&K97) See Language page
Araona eotata; silo Also bi-silo; ota. See Language page
Ese Ejja paahea-; kaʔa-peho- unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo šeʔa-kwe; pa-a-he- (Girard 1971) šeʔa-kwe; pa-a-he- See Language page
Tacana ď̶ia- 'To open the door' is c̷eke-ď̶ia-. ha-poho-ti- refers to a flower opening. See Language page
Cavineña pakaša-ya; pototaša-ya; bosa-ya (The latter is "burst open") pakaša-ya; pototaša-ya; bosa-ya unique See Language page
Central Aymara jist´arata xistˀxa-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava koporo See Language page
Itonama itʸɨhne; kamabɨ Respectively: trans.; intrans. (the door). See Language page
Kwazá dei-, tsirje- dei-, tsirje- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané wa'nakheʔ See Language page
Movima kel-na kel-na See Language page
Trumai (ha) analat̯-ka (ha) analat̯-ka unique See Language page
Kaingang nor, nognor nor; noŋnor; row; roŋrow See Language page
Karajá iǰɔ See Language page
Djeoromitxi be be See Language page
Chipaya kʰet- See Language page
Mocoví y-awač-igi See Language page
Pilagá y-ʔo'wač-iyi Lit. '3pa-open-through'. See Language page
Toba y-awač-igi See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Also means 'untie' 09.161. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ilik See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋmaayeeskama; neŋleklama atoŋ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay huyen'če See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja axlinityam ~ -talinityam Also varies with ~ elinityam. See Language page
Maca #NAME? Means to open the door. -itˀix kˀax means to open the mouth. To open a flower is kˀufxem neʔ ɬʔopˀom. See Language page
Nivaclé -nkˀaʔt open https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ge'saa-i; gesaa-'ge Also e'dogesaa-i; e'dogesaa-ge; verbal form is u'čere-ŋaay. See Language page
Mapudungun nɨla Ranquel form is ɨla-. See Language page
Qawasqar yetaḳsa Also kseksa. See Language page
Selknam àṣ-yeʔ Cf. 'mouth' 04.240. See Language page
Tehuelche gon m 'kˀe-; aš m 'kˀe- See Language page
Kanamarí onohik onohik abrir Magalhães 2018:373
Lokono tholhodon tʰoɽodon open Pet 1987:366
Kariña apurùmàka epuruʔmaɁka open Courtz 2007:236