Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

throat

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
garganta
Meaning Portuguese
garganta

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kuiccih (inside) unknown
Cahuilla kuspi-ly (outside) inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok my/7:yTa- (EC) loan
Chemehuevi pa/kWA loan direction unknown JPH
Chumash Cruzeno oqHjoku7ush “garganta” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno s-iwo “throat, windpipe (< “to make sound”) inheritance A 218
Chumash Obispeno 7ululu unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno aqlewyny7ysh “tragadera” unknown JPH
Cocopa 7inya/Ly inheritance
Comanche kuitsI inheritance
Cupeño -pava [pavə] inheritance
Gabrielino ang-on* inheritance CHM/MC240
Iipay 'Aa enyally [əˈɲaɫʸ] inheritance
Kawaiisu pakwii= (inside??? outside???) loan direction unknown
Kiliwa cmi (outer), t-m+nyal-u7 (esophagus) unknown
Kitanemuk ngohoc inheritance
Lake Miwok dolo/omen loan
Luiseño xa:ra-sh unknown Elliott
Maidu k'u/jlulu\mi “swallow-tube” inheritance
Mojave inyaalyq inheritance
Mutsun horkos- “pescuezo” JPH, can be used in “cut throat inheritance O77:154
Nisenan so:tolo, soto:lo unknown
Northern Paiute nnodo inheritance Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok tok:olo:la- (front part of neck) inheritance
Plains Miwok n2m:it unknown
Salinan A pE:nik'a:i (A only) unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) ipnij (inside) unknown
Serrano ngYh-YT (poss -Y7) also “voice” inheritance
Southern Paiute pangwi-S loan direction unknown
Southern Sierra Miwok Tok:o7-la- inheritance
Southern Ute pag'oyvI, pawivI loan direction unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone kuwi(ttsi) unknown
Wappo hoch “front of neck” loan
Washo to7o unknown J301
Western Mono no/do inheritance
Wintu doki loan into protolanguage
Yavapai pa\lqcho^: unknown
Yokuts Palewyami o-ken/-ken, oo-gen-git inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi hocod, inheritance K07:241
Yokuts Yowlumne hoSil (n1 windpipe), unknown N1964
Yuki lo:mul' inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma malyaqe/ H3:212 “throat, voice” inheritance
Baniwa weéda ɺiko weéda ɺiko unique See Language page
Carijona ese (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo jãrʉóime xãɾɨóime unique See Language page
Dâw õógn’ ʔɔ̃̌ŋ' inheritance See Language page
Desano wʉ̃gobe wɨ̃gobe unique See Language page
Eñepa -waaru- (IDS) -waaru- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï kwambo / kwa unique See Language page
Waorani õdõ-gadæ̃ unique See Language page
Hup ʔɔ̃́g’ ~ʔɔ́g’ inheritance See Language page
Kakua wãnaʔ- unknown See Language page
Makushi uʔmɨ yetta (IDS) uʔmɨ yetta (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu kuruka kuruka doubtful loan Portuguese/Spanish? See Language page
Maihiki adoga ja adoga xã unique See Language page
Pemon mue, pu-mue, mue wayi, sen (A1981) mue, pumue, mue wadʒi, sen (A1981) unknown See Language page
Resígaro naa?kápí (inside), ó?kótáapí (outside) naaʔkápí (inside), óʔkótáapí (outside) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani jumatawi (1) unknown See Language page
Tariana maretaníkha maretaníkha unique See Language page
Tukano wamɨ̂-pee wamɨ̂-pee inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria wamʉ copa (Waltz) wamʉ kopa (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomami õramɨ õɾamɨ unknown See Language page
Yukuna rinúrupi aphú (cuello=?) rinúrupi apʰú (cuello=?) unique See Language page
Arabana piltji unique
Bardi nimanyi [-manyi] nimanyi [-manyi] inheritance
Bunuba winyi unknown
Burarra gu-lorra unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal gurak inheritance
Dhuwala miwura unknown
Diyari yarrkarla unique
DiyariREU ngajipiltji unique
Djambarrpuyngu 1861 inheritance
Djapu gurak inheritance
Djinang djarnggulk unknown
Gajirrabeng ngerlthegang unique
Gooniyandi garndagarndadi loan
Gupapuyngu miwura unknown
Gurindji ngirlkirri loan
Jaru garndarrgarndarr unique
Jawi neemanyie XXngl mouth nimanyye inheritance
Karajarri kunankunan unknown
Kija wurlu-m unique
Malyangapa yuni inheritance
Mangala piji unknown
Miriwung jirawing inheritance
Mithaka irlka unique
Mudburra ngilkirri
Mudburra ngujbi loan
Ngamini yurku inheritance
Ngarluma mira unique
Ngumbarl longura, langura longura, langura inheritance
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru nimanj nimany inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta ngalyi inheritance
Nyangumarta ngalyi inheritance
Nyikina langar langar inheritance
Nyulnyul nawang ^ nawang unique
Paakantyi baṇba unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu mani, gurak inheritance
Ritharrngu gurak inheritance
Walmajarri kangkurl inheritance
Wangkayutyuru yirlka inheritance
Wubuy ramaj, yambiya inheritance?
Yan-nhangu gurak inheritance
Yandruwandha ngaga loan direction unknown
Yarluyandi ngayimala unique
Yawarrawarrka jutju unique
Yawuru nimanya nimanya inheritance
Achagua wá: wá: unique See Language page
Piapoco canápi kanápi See Language page
Yavitero kanasi kanasi See Language page
Wapishana [-]šararan [-]šararan unique See Language page
Wayuu ta-mɨľa See Language page
Yine pľa 'Esophagus' is pľa-c̷a. See Language page
Paresi etororone etororone unknown See Language page
Ignaciano -'erena; -hirikarapi See Language page
Trinitario 'ereno 'Adam's apple' is -woweeenʸo. See Language page
Baure soropi soropi unknown See Language page
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'pan'gun-'duru See Language page
Bora mémehdóu (T98) mémeʔdóɯ unique See Language page
Muinane cójííhu (W97) kóxííʔu See Language page
Akawaio eezeng e'zɛŋ inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai esenamuru, osena esenamuru, osena inheritance See Language page
Wayana ehena ehena inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó eena eena inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai ∅-eeše-∅ ∅-eeše-∅ inheritance See Language page
Yabarana ehnɜ waɾo'kɜɾɜni (ehnɜ=i?) See Language page
Yukpa uoro, boro, yubotoko, yüboro, yüpömö, yupomo See Language page
Muisca fiza pitʂa See Language page
Barí būuri See Language page
Northern Emberá ochchirú otʃtʃirú See Language page
Epena o-'siru Lit. 'path/trail-flute' (vocal apparatus). Cf. 'neck' 04.280. See Language page
Guayabero čiriame unique See Language page
Macaguan kibló kibló unique See Language page
Cofán tsifoma, andian'cho tsiɸoma, andi̡ãʔtʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra sanágarich sanánkaritʃ unique See Language page
Taushiro entin entin See Language page
Páez péty péty See Language page
Tikuna na2xma4na2xa3 (A58) naʔmanaʔa unique See Language page
Andoke θa-pǝ(ühah), kha-pǝ(ü)hah (RW52) unique See Language page
Pumé gɔrɔ yaɔ (neck-?) See Language page
Puinave [-yə-duk] jə-duk unique See Language page
Ashuar súwe sũwɨ̃ See Language page
Huambisa sue suɨ See Language page
Aguaruna jayák xajak unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect garagɔ:r loan Nheengatu kuruka, possibly orig. Port garganta (could also be onomatopoeic?) See Language page
Matses chepacte tʃepakte unknown See Language page
Kakataibo tɨro tɨ'pus 'crop, craw, maw of a bird'. See Language page
Katukina tɨpõ See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo tɨ-ṣ̌o See Language page
Yaminahua ti-špi See Language page
Chácobo tɨ-poko tɨ-poko inheritance See Language page
Yagua pisiy pisij unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua tunguru tunguɾu See Language page
Ingá gargiru (Spanish loa?) gargiru (Spaniʃ loa?) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cunga kunga See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kunka, tunquri (CP94) kunka, tunquri See Language page
Piaroa ahkua ka'rána' ahkua kaɁránaɁ loan Spanish? See Language page
Sáliva õcuajã õkʷahã unique See Language page
Makuna ãmʉma yurajʉ; ãcũ yurama ãmɨma juɾaxɨ; ãkũ juɾama inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca wã'bũ tã'sia wã'bũ tã'sia inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje cakorovʉ kakorobʉ doubtful loan Quechua, orig. Spanish? See Language page
Secoya ñajetëca ñahɛtɨka See Language page
Karitiana nãmỹngyn nãmɨ̃ngɨn unknown See Language page
Wayampi kuluka; yɨʔɔ kuluka; jɨʔɔ doubtful loan Portuguese/Spanish? See Language page
Aché kuẽta unknown See Language page
Chiriguano (če-)asẽo; aseo; asɨo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ahɨʔo See Language page
Sirionó ečosoi ečosoi inheritance See Language page
Ocaina johxóóho; johxóóra hoʔxóóʔo; hoʔxóóra unknown See Language page
Murui Witoto uurago, guìraɨ́ò, guturao uurago, gìraɯ́ò, guturao (B83) unknown See Language page
Iquito itícari itíkari unknown See Language page
Záparo arishua aɾiʃua See Language page
Wari canom (E&K97) kanom (E&K97) See Language page
Ese Ejja e-kahaha unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-naa e-naa See Language page
Tacana e-c̷oi-hani Lit. 'poss.-voice-hole'. *Tacn *xani is 'hole'. Also moi, which also means 'flute'18.710. See Language page
Cavineña e-c̷ori-kani; ara kani (The former is literally "possesive-voice-hole" (e-c̷ori means "voice", kani means "hole"); the latter is literally "eat-hole" (ara means "eat", kani means "hole")) e-čori-kani; ara kani inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara mallq´a tˀulʸu See Language page
Cayuvava mɨmɨčɨ See Language page
Itonama uh-pakosčočono 'Inside the throat' is uh-pakosčočočono. See Language page
Kwazá -koko, -xỹiro -koko, -xỹiro See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané tæræ'reč See Language page
Movima takaka-kʷa takaka-kʷa See Language page
Trumai (iau) mud (iau) mud unique See Language page
Kaingang tỹvãn tɨ̃wãn See Language page
Djeoromitxi borekü borekø See Language page
Chipaya x̣ora Also means 'voice' 18.110. Uru-J form is xora. See Language page
Mocoví l-oḳosote Cf. 'neck' 04.280. See Language page
Pilagá lo-ḳolama Refers to fleshy underchin. Cf. 'necklace' 06.750. Adam's Apple is lo-ḳoičiyi. See Language page
Toba l-ḳoičiki Cf. 'neck' 04.280. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ayaspok See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋyespok; seŋyawanˀ eŋak See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -poh'ni ku'c̷uʔ Lit. 'neck knot'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -wotyowe; -sapa-kiʔ Cf. 'neck' 04.280. See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -kɔyiš throat https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo puusu'guui Also poto'goro, 'inside of throat' and 'goiter' 04.842. See Language page
Mapudungun pel̯ Ranquel form is pel. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳawora Also kyelef-atel, cf. 'neck' 04.280. Em records arkstay. Sk, Bo, Gui record yel-kʰar; Sk records kyelef for Central QWS. Cf. 'neck' 04.280. See Language page
Selknam ič See Language page
Tehuelche 'oʔ; 'eʔnkˀn Also 'aʔwlš, the part behind the throat; 'eʔmr, 'tragadero'; 'oḳn, 'parte baja de la garganta'; a'olče ~ 'awlče, 'Adam's apple'. See Language page
Kanamarí -wuru'am -wɯrɯʔam garganta Magalhães 2018:354
Lokono yure jure throat Fanshawe 1949:74
Kariña anàsa anaɁsa throat Courtz 2007:227