Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

throw

Semantic Field: impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: tirar, lanzar
Meaning Portuguese: atirar, jogar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	kása	kása		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		ǰapi modo		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	nagkítukút, tepét	nagkitukut, tɨpɨt		inheritance, unique			See Language page
Akawaio	eno'ma (SM)	enoʔma (SM)		inheritance	Proto-Carib?		See Language page
Andoke	bu'	buʔ					See Language page
Apalai	emapory	emaporɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	thawi-			inheritance
Araona		wanabotea, iša, iša-botea, ha				To throw out to a specific place is hiwi; hiwiki.	See Language page
Ashuar	nangkimiátin	naŋkimiatin					See Language page
Ayoreo		a'tareʔ; ati'ŋaareʔ				Also iiti'ŋaareʔ; to throw with force is een̥a-'pusu.	See Language page
Baniwa	kakólha, peéko	kakólha, peéko		inheritance			See Language page
Barasano	roká-, reá-, kõã-	roká-, reá-, kõã-					See Language page
Bardi	-ngulu-	-ngulu-		inheritance
Bare	nuka	nuka					See Language page
Bará		'dée-ko, kõ'ṍ					See Language page
Baure	ehwe-	ehwe-		unknown			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tawi” “throw something heavy” (sg obj)			inheritance
Bora	aámu, tubo (T98)	aámɯ, tʰɯpo		unique; unique			See Language page
Bunuba	garra-			unknown
Burarra	jurrka			unknown
Cahuilla	7am-in “throw away”			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xutɕenána	xutɕenána					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	kiráptámaama	kiɾáptámaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		ayrɔ̃					See Language page
Carapana	'wẽ́-hõ, 'róká-	'wẽ́-hõ, 'róká-					See Language page
Carijona	ema (SM)			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	mare-ya; ihewe-ya; išac̷abo-ke; ka-daka-ti- (G71)	mare-ya; ihewe-ya; išačabo-ke; ka-daka-ti- (G71)		unknown			See Language page
Cayuvava		bibihiki; biki				Also bočo.	See Language page
Central Aymara	jaqtaña, liwtaña	warta-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ha:/j-			unknown
Cha'palaa		'tʸaʔ-'ke-nu					See Language page
Chemehuevi	tyra/vi			inheritance
Chipaya		č̣axk-				To throw outside (to 'kick out') is čʰatḳatš.	See Language page
Chiriguano		moᵐbo		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-tate ~ -tyete					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	supilkitwon; B76:268 sHu-pintap			unknown			Ono 1996:51
Chumash Cruzeno	7iwatije! (of harpoon)			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	uqshti “of throwing”			unknown			A 460
Chumash Obispeno	tik'ele “throw away”			unknown			Klar 1977:126
Chumash Ventureno	wach7yw			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	nia-	nia-		inheritance?			See Language page
Cocopa	cap (small obj); sa (collecionof objs), waT (a few objs), wa:p (a long obj)			unknown
Cofán	ttovaye	thoβajɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	wihiry			inheritance
Cubeo	toayʉ	toajɨ		unique			See Language page
Cuiva		xúba, bébai	botar, tirar, throw				Huber & Reed 1992:351
Cupeño	hamech/hemech-in	[hamətʃin]/[həmetʃin]		unknown
Desano	behó-ri	beʔó-ɾi		unique	shared Siriano		See Language page
Dhangu	ḏup			unknown
Dhuwal	ḏup
Dhuwala	ḏup			unknown
Diyari	warra-			inheritance
DiyariREU	diganta			inheritance?
Djambarrpuyngu	ḏup
Djapu	ḏup			unknown
Djeoromitxi	kühi	køhi					See Language page
Djinang	bat			unknown
Dâw	buúx [atirar]	bǔx		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		batʰa-					See Language page
Ese Ejja		wanaokea-		unknown			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	hea-kwe	hea-kwe					See Language page
Eñepa	-ama- (IDS)	-ama- (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	wivax			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	ngerr			unique
Gooniyandi	waj-			loan
Guayabero		fóˀa 'pelt' (obj)		unknown			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	ḏup			unknown
Gurindji	waj wuya-			loan	Wardaman
Hodï		ʰka-lũ		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	eketkatasa	ɨkɨtkatasa					See Language page
Hup	b’uy-	b’uj-		inheritance			See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	wetom	[wəˈt̯ɔm]		unknown
Ingá	flichai (Spanish loan)	flitʃai (Spaniʃ loan)					See Language page
Itonama		nuseʔehte					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	-ngulu-	-ngulu-		inheritance
Jaru	waj ba-			doubtful loan
Jawi	nunagoola	nunakula		unique
Kabiyari	ka-wá	ka-wá					See Language page
Kaingang	pẽg	Φɔn; wãm; wãwãm					See Language page
Kakataibo		po-				Panoan pota- 'to throw out'.	See Language page
Kakua		juʔ		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	momot (M2000)	momot (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	ilbanja			unknown
Karajá		sihe; ta					See Language page
Kariña	ema	ema	throw				Yamada 2010:727
Karitiana	atsykat	atsɨkat		inheritance?			See Language page
Katukina		oriʔa-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	tavi-			inheritance
Kija	waj-			unique
Kiliwa	7+uha7 h-n+waa “stones”			unknown
Kitanemuk	pi7 “throw at”			inheritance
Kokama	itika	itika		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	su'amʉ	suʔamʉ		unique			See Language page
Kotiria	~khoa; -roka	kʰõã; -ɾoʰka		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	aty-, bwɛ-, by-, oce-, tsewe-	aty-, bwɛ-, by-, oce-, tsewe-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	Le/t'a-			loan
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	bolheidin	boɽeidin	throw				Pet 1987:374
Luiseño	hata~i-			unknown			Elliott
Maca		-xeleʔ					See Language page
Macaguan		oták		unknown			See Language page
Maidu	wydy/m, wady/m			unknown
Maihiki	jeoyi	xẽõji		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	himā-dɨɨ (IDS)	himā-dɨɨ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	jatu-re (identical with shoot); rea-re	xatu-ɾe; ɾea-ɾe		unknown			See Language page
Makushi	yenumɨ (IDS)	yenumɨ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: purkata			unique
Mangala	yarrka-, wira-			unknown
Mapudungun		ɨṭ͡ʀɨfɨ				Ranquel form is ɨṭ͡ʀɨv-.	See Language page
Matses	ne	ne		inheritance?			See Language page
Minica Witoto	bï-tá-de, ba-tá-de, ñáï-te	bɯ-tá-dɛ, ba-tá-dɛ, ɲáɯ-tɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	ngerr			unique
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		i-naḳ					See Language page
Mojave	atapm=, etc.			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		fa'raheʔ					See Language page
Movima	haran̉-na	haran̉-na					See Language page
Mudburra	warn
Mudburra	warn ku-			unique
Muinane	gáɲú-ʔi, xɨkku-ʔi	gáɲú-ʔi, xɨkku-ʔi					See Language page
Muisca	yc btasqua	ɨk βtaskua					See Language page
Murui Witoto	nitade, bï-ta-de, kuaï-ta-de	nitadɛ (B83), bɯ-ta-dɛ, kuaɯ-ta-d		unknown; inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	witi:hte “thrown something out, down, away”			unknown			O77:271
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		bo:h					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		boh, bo:h		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	shitana	ʃitana					See Language page
Ngamini	dijina			unique
Ngandi	geyk-dha			unique
Ngarluma	ngayi
Ngumbarl	mungoorl goon	mungurl		inheritance
Nheengatu	yapi, mburi (jogar fora)	japi, mburi (jogar fora)		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	warrki			inheritance
Ninam	šitšɨ (EM72)	ʃitʃɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	bo:, bo7o,			inheritance
Nivaclé		-uʔ	throw				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	taɓari (IDS)	taɓari (IDS)					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	yarrka
Northern Nyangumarta	panpini- (V3) or (V2)			unknown
Northern Paiute	wynai			inheritance			Thornes 03:119
Northern Sierra Miwok	Takwa-			unknown
Nukak		dʒuʔ4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	parnpili			unknown
Nyikina	laj; jubug;	laj; jubuk;		inheritance
Nyulnyul	-ngurl-	-ngurl-		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	bï-ɗá-de (put), dai-ɗá-de, paï-ɗe	bɯ-ɗá-dɛ (put), dai-ɗá-dɛ, paɯ-ɗɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	oou (con lanza); ñiih (con escopeta)	ooɯ (con lanza); ɲiiʔ (con escopeta)		unique; unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	ŋāḍa-			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		moᵐbo; itɨ					See Language page
Paresi	xawatya	ʃawatya		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	pakama, choroka, enum-pueti (A1981); ichoroka (M2000)	pakama, tʃoɾoka, enumpueti (A1981)		inheritance?, unique			See Language page
Piapoco	ucaca	ukaka					See Language page
Piaroa	ɨhkúh, wɨ'ɨh	ɨhkúh, wɨɁɨh		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		y-asaḳ					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	thawi			inheritance
Plains Miwok	juk:i-			unknown
Playero		na-maxɨ-xua, xúa-lia					See Language page
Puinave	[-nam]	nam		unique			See Language page
Pumé	a-ɛnõ						See Language page
Páez	gnuetá	gnuetá					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	chuqay, chamqay (CP94)	tʃuqaj, tʃamqaj					See Language page
Rirratjingu	ḏupthun
Ritharrngu	wurrdha'yun			unique
Salinan A	li:xo7 (A),			unknown
Salinan M	*(e)T'etepai 'shoot, throw, cast'			unknown			Mason 1918:147
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apyiyaoki; anyiyaoki					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋyamasma; neŋeɬakhaam					See Language page
Sanumá	tsətsə (EM72)	tsətsə		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	jeoñe	hẽõñɛ̃					See Language page
Selknam		ye				See 'sneeze' 04.540.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	Cocoji/it			unknown
Serrano	pi:7			inheritance
Sikuani	bijanaxuaba (25), kayajata (3)	bijánaxúaba, bixána ('tirar' - 'throw', xúaba 'botar' - 'discard', péneta 'botar varias cosas' - 'discard several things')		inheritance	Sik-Cuiva-Playero group		See Language page
Siona	juiji	wihi		unique			See Language page
Siriano	de'á-, 'béo-	de'á-, 'béo-					See Language page
Sirionó	momo; ɲučã	momo; ɲučã		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	tyravi- (cf. tavi- "to throw"			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	shitana	ʃitana					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	so:p-			unknown
Southern Ute	tyravi, ty/rApi			inheritance
Suyá	krwáme	krwáme					See Language page
Sáliva	fiãdajaha, ihajaha, lliagajaha, walladajaha	ɸiãdahaʔa, iʔahaʔa, ʤiagahaʔa, waʤadahaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		sana-				'To throw out' is kʷade-; hosia-.	See Language page
Tanimuca	waja-'ta-ri-ka, 'ta-ri-ka	waja-'ta-ri-ka, 'ta-ri-ka		unique			See Language page
Tariana	pé	pé		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	'róka-'hó-	'róka-'hó-					See Language page
Tehuelche		'-ayt-; 'pˀaweʔ				Respectively: to throw out; to toss (as a lance/spear).	See Language page
Tikuna	nanaña (he/they throw it) [2, 3, 5]	nanaɲa		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ema	ema		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		y-asaḳ					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Tukano	kõʔâ	kõʔâ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	'dée-ko	'dée-ko					See Language page
Tübatulabal	annap-at			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	-kuna"			inheritance
Urarina	hau-	hau-		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	ar̃ma-kɨ	ar̃ma-kɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	do'ke-, kõ'ʔã-	do'ke-, kõ'ʔã-					See Language page
Waimaja	déé-koho, kõ'á	déé-koho, kõ'á					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	-mah-	-mah-					See Language page
Walmajarri	wilpu-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	thawi-			inheritance
Waorani	wo æ̃-to-dõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	kabuʔutan	kabuʔutan		inheritance?			See Language page
Wappo	mahke/k'e7 “throw once”			unknown
Wari	šin; wišikaoʔ	ʃin; wiʃikaoʔ					See Language page
Warrwa	laj gurrayan XXngl throw you do.	laj kurrayan		inheritance
Washo	shu7m			unknown			J276
Waurá	wasitʸa	wasitʸa		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	-mɔ-mɔ; -yapiãpi	-mɔ-mɔ; -japiãpi		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ïphala -ka	ɨphala -ka		unique			See Language page
Wayuu		ohuta				Means to throw solid things; oyoto, to throw liquids; ehita, to throw small things.	See Language page
Western Mono	takwy/na7i-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		ta'humeh					See Language page
Wintu	lyej			inheritance
Wubuy	barawuda			unique
Yagua	jachiy; jupatya	xatʃij; xu:patja		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		c̷aka-kĩ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	waṉ'puma			unknown
Yandruwandha	warrka			inheritance
Yanomam	šəyə	ʃəjə		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	shëyë-aɨ	ʃəjə-aɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	wara-			inheritance
Yavapai	ta/\:vk			inheritance
Yavitero	yuta; wahi	yuta; wahi					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	drakindri			unique
Yawuru	layity +	layij +		inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami	witi Gamble			unknown			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	t:o “throw at”						K07:252
Yokuts Yowlumne	*k'o7o			loan into protolanguage, direction unknown			N1944:86
Yuhup	b'uh	b'uh		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	su(:)p			unknown			S&S 1984
Yukpa	járkaj, nai, naya, nayának, saijpo, samuiku, sasia, saya, sáyapo						See Language page
Yukuna	kupakaje, ka'akaje	kupakahe, kaʔakahe		inheritance	Bora		See Language page
Yuma	a:pk “he throws it” H I:25 ata:p “to throw, put down” H5:94			inheritance
Yuruti	'dóka-, kõ'ã́-	'dóka-, kõ'ã́-					See Language page
Záparo	ahityanu, ihyanu	ahitjanu, ihjanu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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