Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

throw

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tirar, lanzar
Meaning Portuguese
atirar, jogar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tawi” “throw something heavy” (sg obj) inheritance
Cahuilla 7am-in “throw away” inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ha:/j- unknown
Chemehuevi tyra/vi inheritance
Chumash Barbareno supilkitwon; B76:268 sHu-pintap unknown Ono 1996:51
Chumash Cruzeno 7iwatije! (of harpoon) unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno uqshti “of throwing” unknown A 460
Chumash Obispeno tik'ele “throw away” unknown Klar 1977:126
Chumash Ventureno wach7yw unknown JPH
Cocopa cap (small obj); sa (collecionof objs), waT (a few objs), wa:p (a long obj) unknown
Comanche wihiry inheritance
Cupeño hamech/hemech-in [hamətʃin]/[həmetʃin] unknown
Gabrielino wivax inheritance
Iipay 'Aa wetom [wəˈt̯ɔm] unknown
Kawaiisu tavi- inheritance
Kiliwa 7+uha7 h-n+waa “stones” unknown
Kitanemuk pi7 “throw at” inheritance
Lake Miwok Le/t'a- loan
Luiseño hata~i- unknown Elliott
Maidu wydy/m, wady/m unknown
Mojave atapm=, etc. inheritance
Mutsun witi:hte “thrown something out, down, away” unknown O77:271
Nisenan bo:, bo7o, inheritance
Northern Paiute wynai inheritance Thornes 03:119
Northern Sierra Miwok Takwa- unknown
Plains Miwok juk:i- unknown
Salinan A li:xo7 (A), unknown
Salinan M *(e)T'etepai 'shoot, throw, cast' unknown Mason 1918:147
Seri (Comcaac) Cocoji/it unknown
Serrano pi:7 inheritance
Southern Paiute tyravi- (cf. tavi- "to throw" inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok so:p- unknown
Southern Ute tyravi, ty/rApi inheritance
Tübatulabal annap-at unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone -kuna" inheritance
Wappo mahke/k'e7 “throw once” unknown
Washo shu7m unknown J276
Western Mono takwy/na7i- inheritance
Wintu lyej inheritance
Yavapai ta/\:vk inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami witi Gamble unknown JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi t:o “throw at” K07:252
Yokuts Yowlumne *k'o7o loan into protolanguage, direction unknown N1944:86
Yuki su(:)p unknown S&S 1984
Yuma a:pk “he throws it” H I:25 ata:p “to throw, put down” H5:94 inheritance
Baniwa kakólha, peéko kakólha, peéko inheritance See Language page
Carijona ema (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo toayʉ toajɨ unique See Language page
Dâw buúx [atirar]  bǔx inheritance See Language page
Desano behó-ri beʔó-ɾi unique shared Siriano See Language page
Eñepa -ama- (IDS) -ama- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰka-lũ unique See Language page
Waorani wo æ̃-to-dõ unique See Language page
Hup b’uy- b’uj- inheritance See Language page
Kakua juʔ inheritance See Language page
Makushi yenumɨ (IDS) yenumɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu yapi, mburi (jogar fora) japi, mburi (jogar fora) inheritance See Language page
Ninam šitšɨ (EM72) ʃitʃɨ inheritance See Language page
Nukak dʒuʔ4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki jeoyi xẽõji inheritance See Language page
Pemon pakama, choroka, enum-pueti (A1981); ichoroka (M2000) pakama, tʃoɾoka, enumpueti (A1981) inheritance?, unique See Language page
Sanumá tsətsə (EM72) tsətsə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani bijanaxuaba (25), kayajata (3) bijánaxúaba, bixána ('tirar' - 'throw', xúaba 'botar' - 'discard', péneta 'botar varias cosas' - 'discard several things') inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page
Tariana pé pé inheritance See Language page
Tukano kõʔâ kõʔâ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~khoa; -roka kʰõã; -ɾoʰka inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam šəyə ʃəjə inheritance See Language page
Yanomami shëyë-aɨ ʃəjə-aɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kupakaje, ka'akaje kupakahe, kaʔakahe inheritance Bora See Language page
Yuhup b'uh b'uh inheritance See Language page
Arabana thawi- inheritance
Bardi -ngulu- -ngulu- inheritance
Bunuba garra- unknown
Burarra jurrka unknown
Dhangu ḏup unknown
Dhuwal ḏup
Dhuwala ḏup unknown
Diyari warra- inheritance
DiyariREU diganta inheritance?
Djambarrpuyngu ḏup
Djapu ḏup unknown
Djinang bat unknown
Gajirrabeng ngerr unique
Gooniyandi waj- loan
Gupapuyngu ḏup unknown
Gurindji waj wuya- loan Wardaman
Jabirr-Jabirr -ngulu- -ngulu- inheritance
Jaru waj ba- doubtful loan
Jawi nunagoola nunakula unique
Karajarri ilbanja unknown
Kija waj- unique
Malyangapa Mal: purkata unique
Mangala yarrka-, wira- unknown
Miriwung ngerr unique
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra warn
Mudburra warn ku- unique
Ngamini dijina unique
Ngandi geyk-dha unique
Ngarluma ngayi
Ngumbarl mungoorl goon mungurl inheritance
Nhirrpi warrki inheritance
Northern Mangarla yarrka
Northern Nyangumarta panpini- (V3) or (V2) unknown
Nyangumarta parnpili unknown
Nyikina laj; jubug; laj; jubuk; inheritance
Nyulnyul -ngurl- -ngurl- inheritance
Paakantyi ŋāḍa- unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta thawi inheritance
Rirratjingu ḏupthun
Ritharrngu wurrdha'yun unique
Walmajarri wilpu- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru thawi- inheritance
Warrwa laj gurrayan XXngl throw you do. laj kurrayan inheritance
Wubuy barawuda unique
Yan-nhangu waṉ'puma unknown
Yandruwandha warrka inheritance
Yarluyandi wara- inheritance
Yawarrawarrka drakindri unique
Yawuru layity + layij + inheritance
Achagua kása kása inheritance See Language page
Piapoco ucaca ukaka See Language page
Kabiyari ka-wá ka-wá See Language page
Yavitero yuta; wahi yuta; wahi See Language page
Bare nuka nuka See Language page
Wapishana kabuʔutan kabuʔutan inheritance? See Language page
Wayuu ohuta Means to throw solid things; oyoto, to throw liquids; ehita, to throw small things. See Language page
Paresi xawatya ʃawatya inheritance See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page
Baure ehwe- ehwe- unknown See Language page
Waurá wasitʸa wasitʸa inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'tʸaʔ-'ke-nu See Language page
Bora aámu, tubo (T98) aámɯ, tʰɯpo unique; unique See Language page
Muinane gáɲú-ʔi, xɨkku-ʔi gáɲú-ʔi, xɨkku-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio eno'ma (SM) enoʔma (SM) inheritance Proto-Carib? See Language page
Apalai emapory emaporɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayana ïphala -ka ɨphala -ka unique See Language page
Tiriyó ema ema inheritance See Language page
Makiritare himā-dɨɨ (IDS) himā-dɨɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai ar̃ma-kɨ ar̃ma-kɨ inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari -mah- -mah- See Language page
Yukpa járkaj, nai, naya, nayának, saijpo, samuiku, sasia, saya, sáyapo See Language page
Muisca yc btasqua ɨk βtaskua See Language page
Northern Emberá taɓari (IDS) taɓari (IDS) See Language page
Epena batʰa- See Language page
Guayabero fóˀa 'pelt' (obj) unknown See Language page
Macaguan oták unknown See Language page
Cuiva xúba, bébai botar, tirar, throw Huber & Reed 1992:351
Playero na-maxɨ-xua, xúa-lia See Language page
Cofán ttovaye thoβajɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kiráptámaama kiɾáptámaama unique See Language page
Páez gnuetá gnuetá See Language page
Tikuna nanaña (he/they throw it) [2, 3, 5] nanaɲa unique See Language page
Urarina hau- hau- unique See Language page
Camsa xutɕenána xutɕenána See Language page
Andoke bu' buʔ See Language page
Pumé a-ɛnõ See Language page
Puinave [-nam] nam unique See Language page
Ashuar nangkimiátin naŋkimiatin See Language page
Huambisa eketkatasa ɨkɨtkatasa See Language page
Aguaruna nagkítukút, tepét nagkitukut, tɨpɨt inheritance, unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect boh, bo:h inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect bo:h See Language page
Matses ne ne inheritance? See Language page
Kakataibo po- *Panoan *pota- 'to throw out'. See Language page
Katukina oriʔa- See Language page
Yaminahua c̷aka-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo nia- nia- inheritance? See Language page
Yagua jachiy; jupatya xatʃij; xu:patja unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua shitana ʃitana See Language page
Ingá flichai (Spanish loan) flitʃai (Spaniʃ loan) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua shitana ʃitana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano chuqay, chamqay (CP94) tʃuqaj, tʃamqaj See Language page
Piaroa ɨhkúh, wɨ'ɨh ɨhkúh, wɨɁɨh unknown See Language page
Sáliva fiãdajaha, ihajaha, lliagajaha, walladajaha ɸiãdahaʔa, iʔahaʔa, ʤiagahaʔa, waʤadahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará 'dée-ko, kõ'ṍ See Language page
Barasano roká-, reá-, kõã- roká-, reá-, kõã- See Language page
Carapana 'wẽ́-hõ, 'róká- 'wẽ́-hõ, 'róká- See Language page
Makuna jatu-re (identical with shoot); rea-re xatu-ɾe; ɾea-ɾe unknown See Language page
Yuruti 'dóka-, kõ'ã́- 'dóka-, kõ'ã́- See Language page
Waikhana do'ke-, kõ'ʔã- do'ke-, kõ'ʔã- See Language page
Siriano de'á-, 'béo- de'á-, 'béo- See Language page
Tanimuca waja-'ta-ri-ka, 'ta-ri-ka waja-'ta-ri-ka, 'ta-ri-ka unique See Language page
Tatuyo 'róka-'hó- 'róka-'hó- See Language page
Tuyuka 'dée-ko 'dée-ko See Language page
Waimaja déé-koho, kõ'á déé-koho, kõ'á See Language page
Koreguaje su'amʉ suʔamʉ unique See Language page
Siona juiji wihi unique See Language page
Secoya jeoñe hẽõñɛ̃ See Language page
Karitiana atsykat atsɨkat inheritance? See Language page
Kokama itika itika inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -mɔ-mɔ; -yapiãpi -mɔ-mɔ; -japiãpi inheritance See Language page
Aché ǰapi modo inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano moᵐbo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní moᵐbo; itɨ See Language page
Sirionó momo; ɲučã momo; ɲučã inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá momot (M2000) momot (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina oou (con lanza); ñiih (con escopeta) ooɯ (con lanza); ɲiiʔ (con escopeta) unique; unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto bï-ɗá-de (put), dai-ɗá-de, paï-ɗe bɯ-ɗá-dɛ (put), dai-ɗá-dɛ, paɯ-ɗɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto bï-tá-de, ba-tá-de, ñáï-te bɯ-tá-dɛ, ba-tá-dɛ, ɲáɯ-tɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto nitade, bï-ta-de, kuaï-ta-de nitadɛ (B83), bɯ-ta-dɛ, kuaɯ-ta-d unknown; inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Záparo ahityanu, ihyanu ahitjanu, ihjanu See Language page
Wari šin; wišikaoʔ ʃin; wiʃikaoʔ See Language page
Araona wanabotea, iša, iša-botea, ha To throw out to a specific place is hiwi; hiwiki. See Language page
Ese Ejja wanaokea- unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo hea-kwe hea-kwe See Language page
Tacana sana- 'To throw out' is kʷade-; hosia-. See Language page
Cavineña mare-ya; ihewe-ya; išac̷abo-ke; ka-daka-ti- (G71) mare-ya; ihewe-ya; išačabo-ke; ka-daka-ti- (G71) unknown See Language page
Central Aymara jaqtaña, liwtaña warta-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava bibihiki; biki Also bočo. See Language page
Itonama nuseʔehte See Language page
Kwazá aty-, bwɛ-, by-, oce-, tsewe- aty-, bwɛ-, by-, oce-, tsewe- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané fa'raheʔ See Language page
Movima haran̉-na haran̉-na See Language page
Kaingang pẽg Φɔn; wãm; wãwãm See Language page
Canela ayrɔ̃ See Language page
Suyá krwáme krwáme See Language page
Karajá sihe; ta See Language page
Djeoromitxi kühi køhi See Language page
Chipaya č̣axk- To throw outside (to 'kick out') is čʰatḳatš. See Language page
Mocoví i-naḳ See Language page
Pilagá y-asaḳ See Language page
Toba y-asaḳ See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apyiyaoki; anyiyaoki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋyamasma; neŋeɬakhaam See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ta'humeh See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -tate ~ -tyete See Language page
Maca -xeleʔ See Language page
Nivaclé -uʔ throw https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo a'tareʔ; ati'ŋaareʔ Also iiti'ŋaareʔ; to throw with force is een̥a-'pusu. See Language page
Mapudungun ɨṭ͡ʀɨfɨ Ranquel form is ɨṭ͡ʀɨv-. See Language page
Selknam ye See 'sneeze' 04.540. See Language page
Tehuelche '-ayt-; 'pˀaweʔ Respectively: to throw out; to toss (as a lance/spear). See Language page
Lokono bolheidin boɽeidin throw Pet 1987:374
Kariña ema ema throw Yamada 2010:727