Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

old

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
viejo
Meaning Portuguese
velho

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim mo'-hal-lo loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pyaittym-pyh (hum, anim, thing) inheritance
Central Sierra Miwok hoj:a-mu- inheritance
Chemehuevi yity-pyw V; unknown
Chumash Barbareno pakuwash (note -wash suffix) inheritance Ono 1996:143
Chumash Cruzeno 7aquchu (and “old man”) unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno moloq “old, long-ago” loan A 225
Chumash Obispeno Lmo7nosi “esta muy viejo” (of cat, person) unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno -iwach (on nouns "old", on vbs "past" unknown Harrington 1974
Cocopa lu:lp, lu:l 7i, inheritance
Comanche tsukuhpy7 “old object” inheritance
Cupeño 'ayxa-t [Ɂayxat] unknown
Esselen lalihe “old man” unknown Henshaw in Shaul 1995:204
Gabrielino 7era:xpo7; pl. 7ere:rxam, 7ere:rakpo7am; unknown
Iipay 'Aa wenuuy [wəˈn̯uˑ˅i] unknown
Kawaiisu 7ii-ty- unknown
Kiliwa ipaa=7-tay inheritance
Kitanemuk 7uvihat “very old person” inheritance
Lake Miwok kila/a, kela/a unknown
Luiseño 7anxa inheritance
Maidu ke/ji (things) unknown
Mojave ilelv= (old, ragged), inheritance
Mutsun mukyu-kniSY “old woman” inheritance O77:123
Nisenan ne: inheritance
Northern Paiute moa inheritance Thornes 03:127
Northern Sierra Miwok hoj:a-; inheritance
Plains Miwok hoj:a 72t2mci- “old man” inheritance
Salinan A tce, ce, cte- “old, aged” p. 21 unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) queejim unknown
Serrano uvihpy-T inheritance
Southern Paiute i:-G old, only in comp: i:-p:ungqu-ni my old horse; inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok pana:h-aH- unknown
Southern Ute wii-, wiitapY inheritance
Tübatulabal uulawy-t “get old” unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone pyettympy, pyaittympy (of inanimates) inheritance
Wappo na:-ch'e/w'-is unknown
Washo -e:Lu unknown J1958:202
Western Mono muu7atsiyee- “to become old”; inheritance
Wintu ho:n unknown
Yavapai ni_kwa/yi, nykwa^yi “old, worn out” (WG) unknown
Yokuts Palewyami mo-kal-ta inheritance CHM Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi moxot-o “old person, man” inheritance K07:193, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne moxelo', mo:xol (Golla 1964) inheritance K 1963, N 1944
Yuki 7olwis, 7o:lwis, 7olwi:s, inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma 7aku/c “to be old” H4:20 unknown
Baniwa pedália (person), opi- (thing) pedáɺia (person), opi- (thing) inheritance See Language page
Carijona tamutuhə inheritance See Language page
Cubeo bʉcʉco (f.), bʉcʉcʉ (m.), javecarõ (inan.), náro (inan.) bɨkɨko (f.), bɨkɨkɨ (m.), xavɛkarõ (inan.), náro (inan.) inheritance See Language page
Dâw rân, war hǝn, wah inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Desano bʉgʉ, bʉro (person), mʉra bɨgɨ, bɨro (person), mɨra inheritance See Language page
Eñepa yuwačon-pe juwatʃon-pe unique See Language page
Hodï ta'wo unique See Language page
Waorani pikæ̃ unique See Language page
Hup tɨh-wǝhə́d (man), tɨh-wá (woman), bɨ̌g (inanimate), tɨh-wǝhə́d (man), tɨh-wá (woman), bɨ̌g (inanimate), inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Kakua mâ [inanimate], beʔ-tǔaʔ [grow-approach] inheritance See Language page
Makushi penaroʔ (IDS) penaroʔ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu tuyuwé tujuwé inheritance See Language page
Ninam lepi, repɨ (EM72, old (inanimate)), hote (EM72, inanimate), pata (EM72, elderly, respected) lepi, ɾepɨ, hote, pata inheritance See Language page
Nukak maa3 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki ai ai inheritance See Language page
Pemon pennato, pennato-pue, poyi-pue (A1981); penatoo (E1980); penato (M2000) penato, penatopue, podʒipue (A1981); pɛnato (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ole (EM72, inanimate), pate tə (EM72, elderly, respected) ole, pate tə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani perúha-hawa inheritance See Language page
Tariana upíte, pedália, pedálie (old people) upíte, pedália, pedálie (old people) inheritance See Language page
Tukano bɨkɨ-(animate), mehá bɨkɨ-(animate), mehá inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria bʉcʉ; mʉna; panopʉ macari; for persons: bʉcʉro (m.), quiro bʉcoro (f.) (all Waltz) bʉkʉ; mʉna; panopʉ makaɾi; bʉkʉɾo (m.), kiɾo bʉkoɾo (f.) (all Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam repa (EM72, inanimate), hote (EM72, inanimate), pata (EM72, elderly, respected) ɾepa, hote, pata inheritance See Language page
Yanomami pata; wãrõ pata; suwə pata; hote pata; wãrõ pata; suwə pata; hote inheritance See Language page
Yukuna jupichumi (algo), phíyu'uke (alguien) hupitʃumi (algo), pʰíjuʔuke (alguien) inheritance See Language page
Yuhup wah (animate) wah (animate) inheritance See Language page
Arabana parnda unique
Bardi djabolj jaboly inheritance
Bunuba jiraliga unknown
Burarra -maywa unknown
Dhangu worruŋu unknown
Dhuwal ŋäthiliŋ
Dhuwala norrutj unknown
Diyari puria loan Wangkangurru
DiyariREU puria loan
Djambarrpuyngu wuḻman
Djapu wuḻman
Djinang gaypingi unknown
Gajirrabeng gerlilebgi- unique
Gooniyandi ngamoonhingi doubtful loan
Gupapuyngu norrutj
Gurindji larrpa-nginyi loan Jingulu
Jabirr-Jabirr djabolj jaboly inheritance
Jaru ngamunyu unique
Karajarri purrku
Kija warnarra- unique
Malyangapa karrukarru loan
Mangala bulga loan Walmajarri
Miriwung gerlilebtha unique
Mithaka mutyutyu inheritance?
Mudburra kamparra
Mudburra larrba loan
Ngamini kundru unique
Ngandi yanatji unique
Ngarluma nhandirndi unique
Ngumbarl tabboolyoo, tchabboolyoo <tabboolyoo, tchabboolyoo> inheritance
Nhirrpi karrukarrru inheritance
Nimanburru djabolj jaboly inheritance
Northern Mangarla yurlpurrartangka
Northern Nyangumarta pija unknown
Nyangumarta 4217 unknown
Nyikina kirwa kirwa inheritance
Nyulnyul nyungurl nyungurl inheritance
Paakantyi wiḍu semantic shift
Pirriya karrukarru inheritance
Pitta-Pitta kupakupa unique
Rirratjingu worruŋu (old person),.djawuḻpa,. ḏilak (elder)
Ritharrngu baman inheritance
Walmajarri jarlu-jangka inheritance
Wangkayutyuru manguwajiminya unique
Warrwa n kirwa inheritance
Wubuy bardag unique
Yan-nhangu galiŋu unknown
Yandruwandha maatja, matjanguda unique
Yarluyandi kakarru inheritance
Yawarrawarrka womala unique
Yawuru mirdanya mirdanya unique
Achagua salírani salírani inheritance See Language page
Piapoco wasìeli wasìeli See Language page
Kabiyari íipe-ri íipe-ri See Language page
Yavitero a'winesitami a'winesitami See Language page
Bare miyaɻi mijaɻi See Language page
Wapishana ẓaam ẓaam doubtful loan Carib, e.g. Makiritare inʃomo 'old one' See Language page
Wayuu ľaɨľa See Language page
Yine c̷-rɨ *Piro-Apuriná form is *mi-c̷i-rV. See Language page
Paresi ohiye ohije inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano ičasi See Language page
Trinitario ʔčosi See Language page
Baure či-n tʃi-n unique See Language page
Waurá autu-pa-žɨ; aripi autu-pa-žɨ; aripi unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'uinbu; 'ru'ku-nu Respectively: things; men or animals. See Language page
Bora tsʰḯḯkʰáane, kʰeéme tsʰɯɯ́ɯ́kʰáanɛ, kʰɛέmɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane sɨ́kɨ́xeʔɨ-no, kóomo-bo {old age} sɨ́kɨ́xɛʔɨ-no, kóomo-bo {old age} See Language page
Akawaio peenarok penarɔk inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect aʔmɔkɔ aʔmɔkɔ See Language page
Apalai pakato, tamuxi, tamuxime pakato, tamuxi, tamuxime inheritance See Language page
Wayana uhpakat uhpakat inheritance See Language page
Makiritare henaʔdohə (IDS); inchomo (KH) (means 'old one'), de'mu (KH) (means 'white hair, elder person') henaʔdohə (IDS); inʃomo (KH), deʔmu (KH) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wërya wasonomo-ri (f), yapistomo (m) wɛrja wasonomo-ri (f), japistomo (m) See Language page
Waimiri Atroari txamyry tʃamɨrɨ See Language page
Yabarana japis'tomo See Language page
Yukpa atüne pe'nano See Language page
Muisca saca saka See Language page
Barí saatdau Colombia: səg'doʔ. *Chibchan forms are *a'kiki and *ta'la. See Language page
Northern Emberá dadyinábẽmá, aseábi, drṍã, enéna dadʒinábẽmá, aseábi, drṍã, enéna See Language page
Epena či'sore; či'wari Respectively: 'used; mature (plant)'. See Language page
Guayabero patíʔ-in inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan pertʉ́nʉ peɾtɨ́nɨ inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cofán tssoru tshoɾɯ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra sirapchi siɾaptʃi unique See Language page
Taushiro yeiyu´ jeijuʔ See Language page
Páez inxs inʃ See Language page
Tikuna ɟakɯ (n.) ɟakɯ (n.) unique See Language page
Urarina siḍzi sitʃi unique See Language page
Camsa bɨtsananá bɨtsananá See Language page
Andoke džo(h)dü̃(h) 'old man' (RW52) unique See Language page
Pumé ǫtȩmãĩ See Language page
Puinave kepa; bən-win kepa; bən-win unique See Language page
Máku lu'kwa See Language page
Ashuar arút arut See Language page
Huambisa arut arut See Language page
Aguaruna múuntuch mú:ntutʃ unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hǝnaːʔ inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Matses shëni ʃɨni inheritance/Tacanan See Language page
Kakataibo ṣ̌ɨni a'pã 'older in age'. *Panoan *payo 'worn, rotten'. *Panoan *ṣ̌ɨni. *Panoan yo[o]si with related meanings 'knowledge, ancestors, to grow up'. See Language page
Katukina šɨni-ra See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo yosi; payo; yosi-šoko See Language page
Yaminahua ṣ̌ini Also means 'age, sun, year'. See Language page
Chácobo yosi yosi inheritance See Language page
Yagua tarijevyu tãrixebjũ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua mawca mawka See Language page
Ingá mauka mauka See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua mauka mauka See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano laqla, mawka laqla, mawka See Language page
Piaroa täbo isa tæbɤ ĩsɑ̃ unique See Language page
Sáliva sĩgwe sĩgʷe unique See Language page
Bará bɨ'kɨ́ See Language page
Barasano bɨkɨ (m.); bɨkɨo (f.); bɨkɨa-se (n.) bɨkɨ (m.); bɨkɨo (f.); bɨkɨa-se (n.) See Language page
Carapana 'ká-bɨkɨ́-ro 'ká-bɨkɨ́-ro See Language page
Makuna bɨcɨgɨ (m.); bɨco (f.); bɨcɨa-rise (inanim.) bɨcɨgɨ (m.); bɨco (f.); bɨcɨa-rise (inanim.) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti bɨ́kɨ bɨ́kɨ See Language page
Waikhana bɨ̃dã bɨ̃dã See Language page
Siriano bɨ- bɨ- See Language page
Tanimuca pakia 'ko (fem); 'pakia 'ki (masc); biki'haka (inan.) pakia 'ko (fem); 'pakia 'ki (masc); biki'haka (inan.) inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo ká-bɨ'kɨ́-ro ká-bɨ'kɨ́-ro See Language page
Tuyuka bɨ'kɨ bɨʔkɨ See Language page
Waimaja bɨ'kɨ́-ro, ka bɨ́'kɨ́-ro bɨ'kɨ́-ro, ka bɨ́'kɨ́-ro See Language page
Koreguaje aina aina inheritance See Language page
Siona ahuero awero inheritance See Language page
Secoya aihuano aiwa'nɔ See Language page
Karitiana hyk hɨk unknown See Language page
Kokama wiju wixu unique See Language page
Wayampi kalakuwa kalakuwa unique See Language page
Aché čueʔe unique See Language page
Chiriguano ⁿdeči unique See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní tuǰa See Language page
Sirionó eimã; eai̯; esi̯ŋa eimã; eai̯; esi̯ŋa unique See Language page
Kamayurá iwet (M2000) iwet (M2000) unique See Language page
Ocaina uroojun ɯroo-hɯ̃ unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto háka-ra háka-ra See Language page
Minica Witoto hái.ai.e, háka-ra hái.ai.ɛ, háka-ra See Language page
Murui Witoto hakaï.e hakaɯ.ɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito cumácu (also used as a noun for 'old person') kumáku (also used as a noun for 'old person') unknown See Language page
Wari maraʔ; horon maraʔ; horon See Language page
Araona esi, poisa Also -šili, derrogatory. *Tacn form is *e-si-ŕi. See Language page
Ese Ejja -tii; -čii inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-čii; e-tii (Girard 1971) e-čii; e-tii See Language page
Tacana eði See Language page
Cavineña e-siri-ke; bero; bero-siri-ke e-siri-ke; bero; bero-siri-ke inheritance/Panoan See Language page
Central Aymara merq´e, thantha ačači See Language page
Cayuvava nonæ̃ha; taka First form means 'ancient ones'. See Language page
Itonama ibɨsča; matˀohke; ukahna See Language page
Kwazá ereritay, ererixwa, kai, haka- ereritay, ererixwa, kai, haka- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'išo Masc. form. See Language page
Movima ɓi-hau ɓi-hau See Language page
Trumai tɨuai (pike), tɨuai-ake tɨuai (pike), tɨuai-ake unique See Language page
Kaingang si, kòfa kɔΦa; si; ŋuΦã See Language page
Suyá ŋέr ŋέr See Language page
Karajá iheči; matuari See Language page
Djeoromitxi hanõtxi hanõtʃi See Language page
Chipaya čawkʷa To grow old is čawk-š. See Language page
Mocoví yi Also means 'adult'. See Language page
Pilagá yi Also means 'mature, ripe' 05.123. See Language page
Toba yi See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akwaniyam See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋwaanyamˀ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hi'čˀet Refers to things. Cf. 02.461, 02.471. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja yuxsa Refers to non-human. See Language page
Maca kˀuc̷aχ (m.); kˀuc̷heʔ (f.) See Language page
Nivaclé kˀuȼaʔx; yi-kˀuȼxan old https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo čo'ki-n̥a-i; gaa'ta; u'ata Refer to a person. An 'old thing' is i'haroo-i; i'haroo; 'kučaa-i'haroo-i; 'kučaa-i'haroo. See Language page
Mapudungun fɨča; kuse Respectively: male; female. Ranquel forms: vɨta; kuðe. See Language page
Qawasqar arxa-na See Language page
Selknam haʔxe See Language page
Tehuelche 'kˀarwn See Language page
Lokono wadon wadon old (not new) Pet 1987:366
Kariña penato penato an old one Courtz 2007:342