Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

all

Semantic Field
other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
todo
Meaning Portuguese
todos

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim banik (K1907) unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ojoon “all, everything”, no- “all, every” inheritance
Cahuilla umun inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok shu/k:e-, sho/k:e- inheritance
Chemehuevi manO inheritance
Chumash Barbareno lij'a (< yila-) inheritance Klar 1977:63
Chumash Cruzeno yemBla B is raised lower case b inheritance Klar 1977:63
Chumash Ineseno yila7 inheritance Klar 1977:63
Chumash Obispeno ku7nicYani7ni “todos”, kynitYani7ni 0113R unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno jyla7; inheritance K1977:63
Cocopa kwiny, ma:m “to be all” unknown
Comanche ojo-, ojY inheritance
Cupeño pata'ama [pəˈtaɁəmə] unknown
Esselen komVnam unknown Shaul 1995
Gabrielino 7owe: inheritance
Iipay 'Aa nyaamat [ɲaˑmat̯] unknown
Kawaiisu mono-jo unique
Kiliwa kW-spi7l unknown
Kitanemuk puyu inheritance
Lake Miwok mu7e, 7awe/echu unknown
Luiseño cho:7un unknown
Maidu 7ype/k'ani\ inheritance
Mojave myakuupay, pay inheritance
Mutsun himah7a “all” unknown O77:29
Nisenan b2:ppaj unknown
Northern Paiute [nOO7yu “all (NOM)” inheritance Thornes 03:476
Northern Sierra Miwok sok:et.i- inheritance
Plains Miwok syk:e- inheritance
Salinan A (k)I:/sile7 (A), “all, every”; -isil- p. 58 unknown
Salinan M (k)I:/sili'p 'all, every' I is umlaut I unknown Mason 1918:151
Seri (Comcaac) coox unknown
Serrano puju inheritance
Southern Paiute man:o-, man:u inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok to:koH-, inheritance
Southern Ute -manokO, manuni-, pa7amanuni inheritance
Tübatulabal pinii7-ju, pinni-ju unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone ojoonty(sy) inheritance
Wappo mu/l unknown
Washo mi/7le7 unknown J503
Western Mono nasi/(7)mi/-tU unknown
Wintu ko:m, ko:t unknown
Yavapai pa/ya inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami k'umuy' inheritance JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi k'umui inheritance K07:244
Yokuts Yowlumne yeeT'aw unknown K 1963 (N1, N1944
Yuki hi:l inheritance S&S1984
Baniwa phiu-me (Ram2000) phiu-me (Ram2000) inheritance See Language page
Carijona tɨdʒahoro unknown See Language page
Cubeo caino kaino doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Dâw waáp wǎp inheritance See Language page
Desano árĩpehrerã (plural form) áɾĩpeʔɾeɾã inheritance See Language page
Eñepa atawən (IDS) atawən (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï tawa'le unique See Language page
Waorani tõbã-dã-di unique See Language page
Hup nihṹʔ, ʔápyɨʔ ~dihúʔ, ʔápjɨʔ inheritance See Language page
Kakua niʔat unknown may be a calque of Tukanoan/Hup 'be-end/finish' See Language page
Makushi tamɨʔnawɨrɨ (IDS) tamɨʔnawɨrɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu payẽ pajẽ inheritance? See Language page
Ninam kõmiri (EM72) kõmiɾi inheritance See Language page
Nukak dupi1 unique See Language page
Maihiki manisaoyi manisaoji unique See Language page
Pemon tukare, t-etaweren (A1981); tu'karö (M2000) tukaɾe, tetaweɾen (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá pewə (EM72) pewə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani daxita (2) daxíta inheritance shared Cuiva See Language page
Tukano peʔti, niî peʔti peʔti, niî peʔti inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria pe'ri peʔɾi inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam prewə, kõmiri pɾewə, kõmiɾi inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Yanomami kõmi, haikiwë, hɨtɨtɨwë kõmi, haikiwə, hɨtɨtɨwə inheritance; unknown See Language page
Yukuna piyukeja pijukeha inheritance See Language page
Arabana pratjanta loan
Bardi bunyja bunyja inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra -murra unknown
Dhangu warrpam' inheritance
Dhuwal warrpam'
Dhuwala warrpam' inheritance
Diyari parrjarna inheritance
DiyariREU pratjanta inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu bukmak
Djapu warrpam' inheritance
Djinang ngayama unknown
Gajirrabeng X unique
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu warrpam' inheritance
Gurindji purrp loan Jaminjung
Jabirr-Jabirr djamin jamin inheritance
Jaru [missing] missing
Karajarri wakaj inheritance
Kija X
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala wakaj inheritance
Miriwung yawoorroobtha
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra kuwanyja
Mudburra burrb loan
Ngamini parrtyana inheritance
Ngandi warlaman' unique
Ngarluma jurlu inheritance
Ngumbarl manja, yarreedee <manja, yarreedee> unknown
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru bondje; bondje-gjangar; djob bonje; bonje-kjangar; job inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta wirr inheritance
Nyangumarta wirr inheritance
Nyikina djamin; djob jamin; job inheritance
Nyulnyul djaman jaman inheritance
Paakantyi kutanya unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta [missing] missing
Rirratjingu 806
Ritharrngu warrpam' inheritance
Walmajarri nukarni inheritance
Wangkayutyuru _x001E_muku inheritance
Warrwa -ngana -ngana inheritance
Wubuy warrawindi unique
Yan-nhangu bukmak inheritance
Yandruwandha malka, pani, panina unique
Yarluyandi thanardi unique
Yawarrawarrka panina unique
Yawuru nyangajunu; kangajunyirryjurr XXngl "all of them" nyangajunu; kangajunyirryjurr unique
Achagua kinínama kinínama inheritance See Language page
Piapoco canánama, macáita kanánama, makáita See Language page
Kabiyari put'i put'i See Language page
Yavitero huľi'ana huľi'ana See Language page
Bare waɻa waɻa See Language page
Wapishana baukup baukup unknown See Language page
Mandawaka makéri makéri See Language page
Wayuu hɨ-pɨšuaaľeeya See Language page
Yine pexnɨ; ptowrɨ *Piro-Apuriná form is *pa'kɨ-nɨ. See Language page
Paresi tyotya, manene tyotya, manene unknown; inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page
Trinitario -mutu -mtu; ʔmu'irihi See Language page
Baure pon pon unknown See Language page
Waurá -tɨ'pe -tɨ'pe unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ku'muinči; 'milʸai Also 'mi'lʸange 'all'; main main lit. 'one one', that is 'each one'. See Language page
Bora pʰáneére, pʰámeére pʰánɛέrɛ, pʰámɛέrɛ inheritance See Language page
Muinane ɸámóro (all people), ɸáá-no, párʸɨɨ-(kɨ-no) (everything) ɸámóro (all people), ɸáá-no, párʲɨɨ-(kɨ-no) (everything) See Language page
Akawaio tambooroo tam'boro unknown See Language page
Apalai esses morohne esses morohne inheritance See Language page
Wayana ëmelë ǝmelǝ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ameraarë ameraarǝ inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo oi'bëtëërï oi'bɛtɛɛrʊ See Language page
Wai Wai ahnoro ahnoro inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari xeme ʃeme See Language page
Yabarana suka'sere, 'sukase'nuspɜ, sukasi'mɜɾe See Language page
Yukpa kontutu, tuara, oropka, osestaorko, povo, tome, tuane´, tubara, tubaraespa See Language page
Kalapalo katote katote unknown See Language page
Muisca azonuca atʂonuka See Language page
Barí ĩĩški Colombia: ʔwirə. See Language page
Northern Emberá hũmá hũmá See Language page
Epena 'čaa; 'hõma-'weda See Language page
Guayabero púexa (póexa, póxa, póta) unique See Language page
Macaguan ánɨbe unique See Language page
Cuiva daxíta todos, all Huber & Reed 1992:261
Playero umóta See Language page
Cofán poiyi'cco pwijiʔkho phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra ichĭgoro itʃĭnkoɾo doubtful loan Taushiro, Jivaroan See Language page
Taushiro achintu-toa aʃinduʔtoa See Language page
Páez pai pai See Language page
Tikuna guemã gemã unique See Language page
Urarina hitariĩ, itulere hitaɽĩ:, ituleɽe unique See Language page
Camsa njétska, njetská-nga njétska, njetská-nga See Language page
Andoke sí-ṍkə̃ sí-ṍkə̃ unique See Language page
Pumé ǫtȩbo See Language page
Puinave -to-hani; wəi-hin -to-hani; wəi-hin unique See Language page
Ashuar ashí, mash aʃi, maʃ See Language page
Huambisa ashi aʃi See Language page
Aguaruna ashí aʃi inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃæd niʔmu:n unique See Language page
Matses abitedi, tedi abitedi, tedi unknown See Language page
Kakataibo kamaβi See Language page
Katukina kɨyo-s-ka Intransitive subject form. Other forms are: kɨyo-šo-βi-ska, transitive subject; kɨyo-kĩ, object; kɨyo-s-a-kĩ, plural object; kɨyo-ʔič, passive voice subject. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo -tiiβi; hatiβi See Language page
Yaminahua kɨyo-kõi Also means 'world' 01.100. See Language page
Chácobo hatita; tɨkɨta; yo-; -haka hatita; tɨkɨta; yo-; -haka unknown See Language page
Yagua nuñi; tita; titaju nu:ɲi; ti:ta; ti:ta:xu: unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua tucuy tukuj See Language page
Ingá tukui tukui See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua tucui tukui See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano lliw ʎiw See Language page
Piaroa k'atoi'ü kɑtoiɨ unknown See Language page
Bará dĩ'ĩ́-oeti-ra See Language page
Barasano jã-hedí-ro jã-hedí-ro See Language page
Carapana 'dĩ́-peti-rã 'dĩ́-peti-rã See Language page
Makuna jedi-re (used as a finite intransitive verb form, cf. all/todo(s) is a determiner); jeyaro; ña jedirã xedi-ɾe; xejaɾo; ja xediɾã inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'dĩ́ĩ-peti-ra 'dĩ́ĩ-peti-ra See Language page
Waikhana 'hi-piʔti-dã 'hi-piʔti-dã See Language page
Siriano ããrĩpeerérã (all the people), ããrĩpeeréri (all the things) ããrĩpeerérã (all the people), ããrĩpeeréri (all the things) See Language page
Tanimuca ri'taha ri'taha inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo dĩ-peti-rã dĩ-peti-rã See Language page
Tuyuka 'dĩ'ĩ-peti-ra 'dĩ'ĩ-peti-ra See Language page
Waimaja nĩᵽɛtʰiřo nĩɸɛtʰiro See Language page
Koreguaje peore peore inheritance See Language page
Siona beoru, si'a beoru, siʔa inheritance; doubtful loan, direction unknown Ocaina See Language page
Secoya si'ahua'i siʔ'a'waʔi See Language page
Karitiana arahot aɾahot unknown See Language page
Kokama upi; upimari (everything) upi; upimari unique See Language page
Wayampi pilu; piluyĩ pilu; pilujĩ unique See Language page
Aché wɨwɨ unique See Language page
Chiriguano opa; ɲãwo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní maɨma; opa; opavave; ɲavõ The latter is archaic. See Language page
Sirionó ha ha unique See Language page
Kamayurá wetep wetep unique See Language page
Ocaina chíí, chííva; jántih šíí, šííβa; hã́tiʔ doubtful loan, direction unknown Siona/Secoya See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto nána nána See Language page
Minica Witoto nána nána See Language page
Murui Witoto nana nana inheritance/Witotoan See Language page
Iquito pɨy'ɨɨni pɨj'ɨɨni unique See Language page
Záparo kawiryaha kawiɾjaha See Language page
Wari šam ʃam See Language page
Araona babaowe Also daokʷa; -pe. See Language page
Ese Ejja oxaɲa; wasee unknown also 'they' See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo o-xaña (Girard 1971) o-xaña See Language page
Tacana pamapa See Language page
Cavineña dotʸa; yota dotʸa; yota unknown See Language page
Central Aymara taqeni sapa; taḳi See Language page
Cayuvava kɔæha; maače See Language page
Itonama oʔsohke; sosohte See Language page
Kwazá du-, txirja du-, txirja See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané e'rehtum See Language page
Movima ɓa-ra ɓa-ra See Language page
Kaingang kar, kankar kar; kankar See Language page
Canela ahc̷un- (aʔc̷un- ?) See Language page
Karajá butu See Language page
Djeoromitxi bzitã bzitã See Language page
Chipaya ḳʰutu; šapa 'Everyone' is šapa-mayni. Also tʰappača lixu. See Language page
Mocoví -ʔoge; -ke These forms occur with prefixes that indicate number, gender, and position of the following object. See note on pronouns (02.930) and corresponding chart in description of language. See Language page
Pilagá ʔe'naʔwak; yi-m-a Latter is lit. '3pa-terminate-object (?)' See Language page
Toba ʔenawak See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Also e-lanoma-thko. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akyokhoho; akwankakhoho See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet yawʔakɬoho; ɬaʔmakɬoho Also alaanaaɬkoo/ alaanammaɬkoo. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ni'ɬokeh See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja kyeexeʔ See Language page
Maca week See Language page
Nivaclé ɬakomʔa; ɬakawa every, all; every, all Respectively: human; nonhuman. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo 'n̥eeseʔ See Language page
Mapudungun kom Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Selknam maxeṣ See Language page
Tehuelche 'welm See Language page
Lokono halhan halan all Pet 1987:349
Kariña ala ala all Yamada 2010:711