Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

dig

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
cavar
Meaning Portuguese
cavar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone hota” inheritance
Cahuilla -walin- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7ol:u- inheritance
Chemehuevi hoo/ra inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7ush7el inheritance Wash 2001:36
Chumash Ineseno -ush'e7 "digs";; ushe7-sh inheritance A 19, 211
Chumash Obispeno stepa “escarbar” (la tierra) unknown JPH 3(1) 0140
Chumash Ventureno ushpay (kuspayus “I dig for it”) unknown Harrington 1974:6
Cocopa xwaLy inheritance
Comanche mahorary,tyhorary, etc. inheritance
Cupeño wal-in, [walin], [ʎawin], [mul] unknown
Iipay 'Aa wehwall [wəˈxʷaɫ] inheritance
Kawaiisu horo- inheritance
Kiliwa h-nuq, h-t-nuuq unknown
Kitanemuk hoch (dig out) inheritance
Lake Miwok he/mma unknown
Luiseño heya~i inheritance
Maidu ba/ unknown
Mojave ahwely= inheritance
Mutsun hura: “dig a grave” inheritance O77:259
Nisenan syk, sykwe inheritance
Northern Paiute hiwi unique Thornes 03:136
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ol:u- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7ol:u- inheritance
Salinan A xa/pek (A), “dig, excavate, climb” unknown
Salinan M xA'pko' 'dig, excavate, climb' unknown Mason 1918:149
Seri (Comcaac) cxap unknown
Serrano wa:n(a)7-q inheritance
Southern Paiute ora- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7ol:- inheritance
Southern Ute o”ra inheritance
Tübatulabal wash-at inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone hota” inheritance
Wappo 7o/n'i7 unknown
Washo i/deg unknown J379
Western Mono ty/hoowi-; unknown
Wintu hapa: inheritance
Yavapai hWa/li, hWa/ri “dig, scoop ... plant, hollow out” inheritance
Yokuts Yowlumne T'olow “to dig, peel(?)” inheritance N1944
Yuki pa,l-, pol-, pul- unknown S&S1984
Yuma axwe/lyk “he digs” H1:29 inheritance
Baniwa híka híka inheritance compare similar inheritance forms in Carib; probably chance See Language page
Cubeo ĩñʉ; ũñʉ ĩjɨ; ĩjɨ inheritance See Language page
Dâw kon kɔn inheritance See Language page
Desano séa-ri séa-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa ano ka-n (IDS) ano ka-n (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï hu unique See Language page
Waorani æ̃æ̃ wo unique See Language page
Hup hat- hat- inheritance See Language page
Kakua bǎd inheritance See Language page
Makushi yaka (IDS) yaka (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu pikũy pikũi inheritance See Language page
Ninam tiə, paktha (EM72) tiə, paktʰa inheritance See Language page
Nukak baadn2 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki uiyi ũĩji inheritance See Language page
Pemon aka, putuma (A1981); nonnaka (M2000) aka, putuma (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro hí?žo híʔʒo inheritance See Language page
Sanumá tie, təkatha (EM72) tie, təkatʰa inheritance See Language page
Sikuani kua (1) kua inheritance See Language page
Tariana dhíka dʰíka inheritance See Language page
Tukano seʔê seʔê inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria sa'a; dig into: dʉte saʔá; dʉʰte inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam tiə, thətha tiə, tʰətʰa inheritance See Language page
Yanomami hurëshaɨ, hurëshëaɨ huɾəʃaɨ, huɾəʃəaɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna ichakaje, jichakaje itʃakahe, hitʃakahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup hat hat inheritance See Language page
Arabana paka- inheritance
Bardi m-aḷbon m-arlbon unknown
Bunuba wirriyga- inheritance
Burarra gapaja unknown
Dhangu yaw'yun unknown
Dhuwal ŋangi'yun
Dhuwala ŋangi'yun unknown
Diyari paku- inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu belam(a)
Djapu ŋangi'yun unknown
Djinang gamirr-gi unknown
Gajirrabeng goorraj loan Jaminjung
Gooniyandi wirrij- inheritance
Gupapuyngu ŋangi'yun unknown
Gurindji kurrij pu- loan Jaminjung
Jabirr-Jabirr ma-geran ma-kerran inheritance
Jaru bangi- inheritance
Jawi nungalorma nungalorrma unknown
Karajarri kali_x001E_ inheritance
Kija jarrij loan
Malyangapa Mal: pika- inheritance?
Mangala lajunarri (1) inheritance
Miriwung goorraj loan Jaminjung
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra jibij (ba-rru)
Mudburra jibij ba- loan
Ngamini pirniya unique
Ngandi ngur'-dhu unknown
Ngarluma binku
Ngumbarl woditch <woditch> unknown
Nhirrpi paku inheritance
Nimanburru ma-geran ma-kerran inheritance
Northern Mangarla rlacu
Northern Nyangumarta karlinyi- (V1) inheritance
Nyangumarta karla inheritance
Nyulnyul mabugaran mabukarran inheritance
Paakantyi baḏa-ma-
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta paka_x001E_ inheritance
Rirratjingu belam
Ritharrngu belama inheritance
Walmajarri karla- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru paka- inheritance
Wubuy gaadhi inheritance
Yan-nhangu dhäyan inheritance
Yandruwandha paku inheritance
Yarluyandi pirnda- unique
Yawarrawarrka paku_x001E_ inheritance
Yawuru böl ma-djon, böl ma-nen bol ma-jon, bol ma-nen unknown
Achagua kéni kéni inheritance See Language page
Piapoco nuícaca nuíkaka See Language page
Kabiyari hika hika See Language page
Yavitero hana ka'hac̷i hana kaʔhatsi See Language page
Bare baɻika baɻika See Language page
Wapishana kʰičʰada-n kʰičʰada-n inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Wayuu apoto; apono See Language page
Ignaciano -seka; -sekakureka See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? To dig deep is -upenočo. See Language page
Baure -'saho-kia- -'saho-kia- inheritance See Language page
Waurá atɨka atɨka inheritance See Language page
Cha'palaa 'tu-'huu-'ke-nu; 'wiš-nu Cf. 'hole' 12.850. See Language page
Bora tsʰeʔti, kʰanoxkʰo, kʷanóxkʰo tsʰɛʔti, kʰanoxkʰo, kʷanóxkʰo inheritance; unknown See Language page
Muinane séédi-ʔi sέέdi-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio aga a'ga inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect aka aka See Language page
Apalai axikahpyry axikahpɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayana alï alɨ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó amika amika inheritance See Language page
Makiritare tɨʔkādɨ (IDS) tɨʔkādɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo #NAME? #NAME? See Language page
Wai Wai ahto-ko ahto-ko inheritance? See Language page
Yukpa jünkak, suka See Language page
Muisca bgyisuca βγɨisuka See Language page
Barí okdyikããn Colombia: 'ʔundasəkaynə. See Language page
Northern Emberá korói korói See Language page
Epena kʰoro- See Language page
Guayabero kow inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan ukuá inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva kuá cavar, dig Huber & Reed 1992:355
Playero áʧa ka-húka (áʧa kúane) See Language page
Cofán canshaeñe, changoeñe kãʃãe̡ɲɛ, tʃangwɛ̡ɲɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kutsĭmaama kutsĭmaama unique See Language page
Taushiro o'cue oʔkɨ See Language page
Páez kaΦ-iʔh- (kaΦ 'hole') kaΦ-iʔh- (kaΦ 'hole') See Language page
Tikuna éncana-ái (Alv44) énkanaʔái unique See Language page
Urarina bahe bahe unique See Language page
Camsa xaxutxuána, xatíbxuána xaxutxuána, xatíbxuána See Language page
Andoke -hʌ' -hʌʔ unique See Language page
Pumé dabú ãnõpá See Language page
Puinave [-wat] wat unique See Language page
Ashuar táutin, táuti tawtin, tawti See Language page
Huambisa taumratsa taumratsa See Language page
Aguaruna taúmat taumat inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect gɔ:ʃ, gɔ:t', puk, pug inheritance; unique See Language page
Matses cheshca, uëdëshca tʃeʃka, uɨdɨʃka unknown See Language page
Kakataibo naɨ-ti 'To cultivate, to dig'. See Language page
Katukina mai pokĩ- mai is 'earth' 01.210. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo mikati See Language page
Yaminahua põki-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo wɨyo- wɨyo- unique See Language page
Yagua jmiy xmij unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua allana aʎana See Language page
Ingá jutkuchii, utkuchii jutkutʃii, utkutʃii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua allana aʎana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano hasp'iy (CP94) hasp'ij See Language page
Sáliva tajihxu juwajaha tahiʔxu huwahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará ko'á See Language page
Barasano koa- koa- See Language page
Carapana 'jéséa- 'jéséa- See Language page
Makuna sea-re sea-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'kóa- 'kóa- See Language page
Waikhana se'ʔe- se'ʔe- See Language page
Siriano bã́- bã́- See Language page
Tanimuca he'a-ri-ka he'a-ri-ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo jé'héa- jé'héa- See Language page
Tuyuka ko'á ko'á See Language page
Waimaja kʰʷá kʰʷá See Language page
Koreguaje pijemʉ pixemʉ unique See Language page
Siona cua'reji, no'aji kuaʔrehi, noʔahi unknown See Language page
Secoya quë'iñe kɨ̃ʔĩñɛ See Language page
Karitiana pyryt pɨrɨt unknown See Language page
Wayampi -pɨkɔ̃y -pɨkɔ̃j inheritance See Language page
Aché wɨko inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano (a)'ǰoo inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰoʔo; ᵐboʔ-ɨvɨ-kua ɨvɨ is 'earth, soil' 01.212. See Language page
Sirionó si̯bi̯koi̯; tia si̯bi̯koi̯; tia inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá o-joˀok (M2000) o-joˀok (M2000) inheritance See Language page
Ocaina fuuso ɸɯɯso unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ráï-de ráɯ-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto ráï-te ráɯ-tɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto jaɨ́bede, raï-te haɨɯ́bɛdɛ (B83), raɯ-tɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito muraani muraani unique See Language page
Záparo wityahunu witjahunu See Language page
Wari še; šikeʔ ʃe; ʃikeʔ See Language page
Araona loe Refers to digging a well. See Language page
Ese Ejja kišišaɓa-; teo- inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo boho-ʔio-kwe boho-ʔio-kwe See Language page
Tacana bere-; peda- See Language page
Cavineña poro-ya poro-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara alliña, allsuña pʰatˀsu-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava uru See Language page
Itonama tʸohnaʔke; mesdehna See Language page
Kwazá je-, -je- je-, -je- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané fa-'dʸe See Language page
Movima woʔ-na woʔ-na See Language page
Trumai (ha)xot̯ken; xot̯ken-e (ha)xot̯ken; xot̯ken-e unique See Language page
Kaingang kũm, kũmkũm kũkũm; kũm; kũm-kũm See Language page
Canela -kʰõ (kʰɔ̃ ?) *Jê form is *-kõ; *-kõm. See Language page
Suyá yuká-krέ juká-krέ See Language page
Karajá ia See Language page
Djeoromitxi kõ kõ See Language page
Chipaya xʷetš; ḳulxš Respectively: dig a hole; to dig and move dirt with a shovel. See Language page
Mocoví n-iʔya Lit. '3p actor-dig'. Cf. 'ditch' 08.170. See Language page
Pilagá ne-seʔ Lit. '3pa-dig'. See Language page
Toba n-šiʔ See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apmitmiyi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋmetaam See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tiši-hoh'nat Lit. 'dig-earth' 01.210. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -texey ~ -tixiʔ See Language page
Maca -tixxuʔ ~ -ɬixxuʔ Cf. 'ditch' 08.170. See Language page
Nivaclé -tiʔš dig https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo i'hoočaʔ Also i'hooča-gaay; d. to bury is ihoo'ča-meʔ. See Language page
Mapudungun rɨŋa Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳawe-lay From Ag. See Language page
Tehuelche '-aʔy-; m 'sēwe- The latter means to dig deeply. See Language page
Lokono thikin tʰikin dig Pet 1987:355
Kariña ahsahto ahsahto dig gutter Yamada 2010:707