Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

1sg

Semantic Field: grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: yo
Meaning Portuguese: eu

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	nuja	nuja		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Aché		čo		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Aguaruna	wi	wi		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Akawaio	uurö	urö		inheritance	Pemongan	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	urɤ	urɤ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Andoke	o'ə	oʔə		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Apalai	ywy	ɨwɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Arabana	antha			semantic shift
Araona		ema; yama				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Arutani	maykate/ ma- / tsa-	maykate/ ma- / tsa-				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Ashuar	wi, wíka	wi, wíka				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Ayoreo		yu; uu'yu				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Baniwa	nhóa	nhóa		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	nŭ-ge' 223; nögi (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	jʉ	jʉ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Bardi	ngay(u)	ngay(u)		inheritance
Bare	nuni	nuni				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Bará		jɨ'ɨ́				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Barí		nãi				Colombia: nay. Chibchan form is 'da; first person prefix is *dã-.	See Language page
Baure	ni-; n-ti	ni-; n-ti		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	ny			inheritance
Bora	oó	oó		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	[missing]			missing
Cahuilla	ne'			inheritance			S 1977
Camsa	átz	ats				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	nova	nowa		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Canela		kʰam				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Carapana	yʉ	jɨ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Carijona	əwɨ			inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Cavineña	i-ke; e-ra (former is absolutive form, latter is ergative form)	i-ke; e-ra		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Cayuvava		hi-; a-; -ri; -ro				na'ičiro means 'me, mine'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	naya	naya				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ka:n			inheritance
Cha'palaa		i; 'i-ya				-ya is a contrast emphasis suffix. Possessive: 'my' is in; 'mine' is 'in-či.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	nyy, nyyni			inheritance
Chipaya		werx; wexr-ki				Note metathesis. Suffix -ki is a focus particle. 'My' is wext.	See Language page
Chiriguano		če; se		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		y-em				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	no7 (indep. pro)			loan			Ono 1996:21, 96
Chumash Cruzeno	no7o			loan			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	no7			loan			A 7
Chumash Obispeno	mitYy			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	no, ne7e (indep pronoun), k-			loan			Harrington 1974:6
Chácobo	ɨ; ɨa	ɨ; ɨa		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Cocopa	subject nya:c (and various prefixes)			inheritance
Cofán	ña	ɲa				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Comanche	ny7			inheritance
Cubeo	yʉ	jɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Cuiva		xan	yo, I			For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	Huber & Reed 1992:200
Cupeño	ne'	[nəɁ]		inheritance
Desano	yʉhʉ	jɨ ʔɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Dhangu	ŋarra			inheritance
Dhuwal	ŋarra			inheritance
Dhuwala	ŋarra			inheritance
Diyari	nganhi			inheritance
DiyariREU	ngani			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	ŋarra
Djapu	ŋarra			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	hü	hø				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Djinang	irr			inheritance
Dâw	ãr	ʔãh		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Epena		mɨ; 'mɨči				Respectively: unmarked; marked. 'Mine' is më're, underlying form: mɨ-'de, 'I/me-of'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		eya; e(y)aya		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-ya; e-ya-ya	e-ya; e-ya-ya				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Esselen	eni			unknown			Shaul 1995:209
Eñepa	yu	ju		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Gabrielino	no:-			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	genya			inheritance
Gooniyandi	nganyi
Guayabero		xan		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Gupapuyngu	ŋarra			inheritance
Gurindji	ngayu			inheritance
Hodï	ye			unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Huambisa	wi	wi				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Hup	ʔã́h	~ʔáh		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Ignaciano		'nu-ti				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	'enyaach	[Ɂəˈɲaˑtʃ]		inheritance
Ingá	nuka	nuka				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Iquito	qui-, cu- (before verbs beginning with /a/, quíija (stand-alone pronominal form)	ki-, ku- (before verbs beginning with /a/, kíiha (stand-alone pronominal form)		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Itonama		osni; osniʔka				Respectively: masc.; fem.	See Language page
Jaru	ngaju			inheritance
Jawi	ngi	ngi		inheritance
Kabiyari	nhú, nu-	nhú, nu-				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kaingang	inh	ʔiɲ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kakataibo		ʔɨ-				Panoan ʔɨ.	See Language page
Kakua		wěm		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kalapalo	uge	uge		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kamayurá	ije	ije		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Karajarri	ngaju kaniny			inheritance
Karajá		ǰiarɨ̃				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kariña	awu	awu	1sg				Courtz 2007:52
Karitiana	y, ỹn, ỹnỹ	ɨ, ɨ̃n, ɨ̃nɨ̃		unknown		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Katukina		ɨa; ɨã; ɨ̃				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kawaiisu	ny7y			inheritance
Kija	ngayin			inheritance
Kiliwa	nya7-(p)			inheritance
Kitanemuk	ny7			inheritance
Kokama	etse	etse		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Koreguaje	chʉ'ʉ	dʒʉʔʉ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kotiria	yʉ'ʉ/ jʉ	jʉʔʉ/ jʉ		inheritance	E-W Tuk	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Kwazá	si	si				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Lake Miwok	ka/nni, ka/ni			inheritance
Lengua		koo				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Lokono	de	de	1st SG.				Pet 1987:23
Luiseño	no:7			inheritance
Maca		y-akhaʔ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Macaguan	kan	kan		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Maidu	ni/			inheritance
Maihiki	yi	ji		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Makiritare	ɨwɨ (IDS); üwü (KH) (also means 'me')	ɨwɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Makuna	jɨ	jɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Makushi	u-rɨ	u-rɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Malyangapa	upa			unique
Mandawaka	nújaha, nu-	nú-jaha				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Mangala	jipangu			inheritance
Mapoyo	wïhï (wï')	wʊhʊ (wʊ')				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Mapudungun		in-če				Same form in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	ë	ɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Minica Witoto	kúe	kúɛ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Miriwung	ngayoo			inheritance
Mithaka	nganyi			inheritance
Mocoví		ayim; yim				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Mojave	7inyech			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		yo'ẽ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Movima	inɬa	inɬa				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Mudburra	ngayi			inheritance
Mudburra	ngayi			inheritance
Muinane	úú-xóʔo	úú-xóʔo				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Muisca	hycha	hɨʂa				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Murui Witoto	kue, ku.e	kuɛ, ku.ɛ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Mutsun	ka:n			inheritance			O77:104, 165
Máku	te:ne	te:ne				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ʔɨ̃h				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʔɨ̃h		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	ñuca	ɲuka				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Ngamini	nganyi			inheritance
Ngarluma	ngayi			inheritance
Ngumbarl	ngai, ngaia	ngay(a)		inheritance
Nheengatu	ixé	iʃé		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Nhirrpi	nganyi			inheritance
Nimanburru	XXngl ngayu	ngayu		inheritance
Ninam	kami-ye; ya, kamatša (EM72)	kami-je; ja		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Nisenan	ni			inheritance
Nivaclé		yi-'waača				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	mʉ̃	mʉ̃				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Northern Mangarla	ngayu
Northern Nyangumarta	ngaju pukurl			inheritance
Northern Paiute	ny			inheritance			Thornes?
Northern Sierra Miwok	kan:i- (etc.)			inheritance
Nukak		wɛɛm2		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Nyangumarta	ngaju			inheritance
Nyikina	ngayu	ngayu		inheritance
Nyulnyul	ngay	ngay		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	kúe	kúɛ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Ocaina	xo, xoun	xo, xõɯ̃		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Paakantyi	ŋadu			inheritance
Pacahuara		'ɨa				d'Orb ea. Arm ea, noe.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		če				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Paresi	natyo	natyo		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Pemon	yuurö (E1980); yuurö (E1980)	yuurö (E1980)		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Piapoco	núa	núa				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Piaroa	tjü	thɨ		unknown		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Pilagá		hayim				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Pirriya	nganawa			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	ngantya			semantic shift
Plains Miwok	kan:i-,			inheritance
Playero		xáni				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Puinave	am	am		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Pumé	kɔdɛ					For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Páez	andy, ũ´cue					For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Qawasqar		c̷e				Also means 'we' 02.940. Sk, Bo record c̷eɬ for Central QWS. SpS records c̷o for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	ñoqa	ɲoqa				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Resígaro	ó	ó		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Rirratjingu	ŋaya (I), nha:na (me)			inheritance
Ritharrngu	ngarra			inheritance
Salinan A	he:'kh (A),			unknown
Salinan M	kHe'			unknown			Mason 1918:32
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		koo				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		koʔo				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Sanumá	kamitʃa	kamitʃa		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Sape	mɨ	mɨ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Secoya	yë'ë	jɨʔ'ɨ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Selknam		y-ah				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	he			unknown
Serrano	ny:7			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		ɨ-a				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Sikuani	xanü (2)	xánɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Siona	yɨʔɨ	jɨʔɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Siriano	yʉʉ́	jɨɨ́				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Sirionó	se	se		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Southern Paiute	ny7, ny-, =ni			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	ñuca	ɲuka				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	kan:i, kan:			inheritance
Southern Ute	ny7			inheritance
Suyá	pá	pá				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Sáliva	jĩsi	hĩsi		unknown		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tacana		ema; yama				Intransitive and transitive, respectively.	See Language page
Tanimuca	dyiʔ'i	ʎiʔ'i		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tariana	nuha	nuha		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tatuyo	jɨɨ	jɨɨ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Taushiro	uyo, u	ujo, u				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tehuelche		y- ~ i-; 'yā				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tikuna	chamax [5, 4]	tʃamaʔ		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tinigua	hikwa					For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tiriyó	wi[:]	wi:		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Toba		ayim				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Trinitario		n-				Assimilates to m- before /p/. Pronoun is nuti.	See Language page
Trumai	ha; hai; hai-ts	ha; hai; hai-ts		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tukano	yʉ'ʉ́	jɨ'ɨ́		inheritance	E-W Tuk	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tuyuka	yɨ'ɨ	jɨʔɨ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Tübatulabal	ki (it's a clitic)			loan
Tümpisa Shoshone	ny, nyy			inheritance
Urarina	kanï	kanʉ		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wai Wai	owɨ	owɨ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Waikhana	jɨ'ʔɨ	jɨ'ʔɨ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Waimaja	dyɨ́	djɨ́				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	awy, aa, kara~kra	awi, aː, kara~kra				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Walmajarri	ngaju			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	miraratha			inheritance
Waorani	bo-tõ			unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wapishana	ũgar-ɨ	ũgar-ɨ		inheritance	Proto North Arawak?	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wappo	7a/h			loan direction unknown
Warao	ine	ine				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wari	wataʔ	wataʔ				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Warrwa	ngaio	ngayio		inheritance
Washo	Le/			unknown			J87, 402, K 268
Waurá	na-tu	na-tu		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wayampi	a-; iyɛ	a-; ijɛ		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wayana	ïwu	ɨwu		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wayuu		ta-ya				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Western Mono	nyy/			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		oɬam				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Wintu	ni			inheritance
Yabarana		wəre				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yagua	day	daj		unique		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yaminahua		ɨ̃; ɨa				Respectively: ergative (subject of transitive verb); absolutive (object of transitive verb).	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ŋarra			inheritance
Yandruwandha	nganyi			inheritance
Yanomam	kamiyə (EM72)	kamije		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yanomami	ya, kamiyə (EM72)	ja, kamije		inheritance		For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	?nya/-			inheritance
Yavitero	nuya-ha	nuja-ha				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	nganji			inheritance
Yawuru	ngayu	ngayu		inheritance
Yine		hita; -no				My' is no-; n-. Piro-Apuriná form for 'I' is hi/'no-ta; for 'my' is *n(V)-.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	na7 (genitive is ken)			inheritance			Gamble 1991
Yokuts Yawdanchi	naa-, -na			inheritance			K07, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	na: N 229			inheritance			N1944:229
Yuhup	ʔãh	~ʔah				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yuki	7a,p (agent)			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	abe, au	a'wi				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yukuna	nuká	nuká		inheritance	no/nu forms cognate in Arawak; but compare quechuan nuka	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Yuruti	jɨ́	jɨ́				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
Záparo	ku.	ku				For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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