Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

kill

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
matar
Meaning Portuguese
matar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim mūgut (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone paikkah, pekkah (sg obj), inheritance
Cahuilla -mek-an- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok jy/n:a- inheritance
Chemehuevi paka/ (sg obj) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno iniwe unknown Mithun 1997:224
Chumash Cruzeno 7ala-nits'y “lo mato/” unknown JPH
Chumash Obispeno siqsa, siksa “matalo!” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno alwa (kill person), takty “kill animal” unknown JPH
Cocopa nak unknown
Comanche nabehkakyru, pehkarY inheritance
Cupeño meq-0 [məq] inheritance
Gabrielino moka inheritance
Iipay 'Aa aamuch, aawatt [aˑˈmʊʧ],[aˑˈwat] unknown
Kawaiisu paka- SG OB inheritance
Kiliwa h-nyuu, h-nyuu-t (kill one); tchaw (kill several) unknown
Kitanemuk myk (singular object) inheritance
Lake Miwok ka/tt- unknown
Luiseño moknu- inheritance
Maidu wo/noti inheritance
Mojave tapuy= inheritance
Mutsun li:ki “kills” unknown O77:57, 280
Nisenan wo:nti inheritance
Northern Paiute patsa kill sg. obj inheritance Thornes 03 125
Northern Sierra Miwok jin:a-, jyn:a- inheritance
Plains Miwok he7ta- unknown
Salinan A (p)T'eka (A), (p)T'aki (pl) “kill”; loan
Salinan M oko/T'o' unknown Mason 1918:145
Seri (Comcaac) quicO unknown
Serrano mYkAn (sg obj) inheritance
Southern Paiute paq:a “to kill, to beat” (sing & dual obj); inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok jo:h- inheritance
Southern Ute pAka (sg. object) inheritance
Tübatulabal myyk-at (sg obj) inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone pakkah inheritance
Wappo T'a/-m'i7 unknown E1993
Washo atg unknown J377
Western Mono patsa- inheritance
Wintu keruma: (cause to die) inheritance
Yavapai ne_hi unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi shox- inheritance K07:246
Yokuts Yowlumne Soxo inheritance Golla 1964:63;
Yuki li7-, le7 inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma tapu/y H5:95 inheritance
Baniwa -íinoa -íinoa inheritance See Language page
Carijona ihɨnəhɨrɨ unknown See Language page
Cubeo boarĩ́ jarʉvayʉ: boayʉ́, boarĩ́ jebeyʉ: boayʉ́, boarĩ́ yavayʉ: boayʉ́ boarĩ́ xarɨvajɨ: boajɨ́, boarĩ́ hɛbɛjɨ: boajɨ́, boarĩ́ javajɨ: boajɨ́ unique See Language page
Dâw yũt  jũt unique See Language page
Desano wẽjẽri wẽhẽri inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -uwə- -uwə- inheritance See Language page
Hodï ʰkʷã lĩlĩ unique See Language page
Waorani wæ̃-dõ unique See Language page
Hup mæh- ~bæh- semantic shift hit' See Language page
Kakua mâw inheritance See Language page
Makushi wɨʔ (IDS) wɨʔ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu yuká juká inheritance See Language page
Ninam šela ʃela inheritance See Language page
Nukak mau4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki mánijoyi (1st person singular) manixoji inheritance See Language page
Pemon iiwö (A1981); wö (M2000) iwö (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro kainée-khú, mótshó kainée-kʰú, mótsʰó unknown; doubtful loan Jivaroan, cf. Huambisa ma:tsa See Language page
Sanumá nomama nomama inheritance See Language page
Sikuani beya(2) béya unknown See Language page
Tariana díːnu, dínu díːnu, dínu inheritance See Language page
Tukano wẽhé (hr) wẽhé (hr) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria ~waha ~wahá (entire word nas.) (stenz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam waika, nomama waika, nomama unknown; inheritance See Language page
Yanomami šə-ɨ ʃə-ɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna nókaje nókahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup ʔũb ~ʔub semantic shift See Language page
Arabana kumpira-ma- unique
Bardi -bu- ~ -o- ~ -bi -bu- ~ -o- ~ -bi inheritance
Bunuba dangayga- unknown
Burarra guya rruma unknown
Dhangu boyan inheritance
Dhuwal rakunygum
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari tankata inheritance
DiyariREU tankata inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang bu-ngi inheritance
Gajirrabeng deb unique
Gooniyandi gard- inheritance
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji tampang pa- loan Jaminjung
Jabirr-Jabirr warndab warndab inheritance
Jaru nag la- loan
Karajarri [missing] missing
Kija thet unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala puwa! inheritance
Miriwung delwan unique
Mithaka panrrindadi semantic shift
Mudburra pa-rru
Mudburra bak ba- loan
Ngamini tankana inheritance
Ngandi bu inheritance
Ngarluma nyurntika-lku
Ngumbarl jillellee inma, m?k <jillellee inma, m?k> inheritance
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Northern Mangarla kanti
Northern Nyangumarta warnti pini- (V3) inheritance
Nyangumarta panipungkanya unknown
Nyikina mug; -bu-; nyag muk; -bu-; nyak inheritance
Nyulnyul -dam- -dam- inheritance
Paakantyi buga-ma- unique
Pirriya [altala] unique
Pitta-Pitta pithi inheritance
Rirratjingu boyan
Ritharrngu bu inheritance
Walmajarri pirlakuji- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru pirta- inheritance
Warrwa mug muk inheritance
Wubuy wu inheritance
Yan-nhangu ranu unknown
Yandruwandha parndri, nhadika, parndripandhi, semantic shift
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka tankindri inheritance
Yawuru -balu- -balu- inheritance
Achagua na, -inúa (h&r) na, -inúa (h&r) inheritance See Language page
Piapoco étáidaca, nuáca étáidaka, nuáka See Language page
Kabiyari nua nua See Language page
Yavitero ma ma See Language page
Wapishana ẓuwia-n ẓuwia-n unique See Language page
Yine hiyľata; kama-ka-ta *Piro-Apuriná form is *'o-ka-ma-. See Language page
Paresi atisa atisa unique See Language page
Ignaciano -kapa; -kapa-reka See Language page
Trinitario -'kopako 'To kill' as in war, is -kopahii-koko. See Language page
Baure ikomorik- ikomorik- unique See Language page
Waurá a-k-unute-žɨ-ta a-k-unute-žɨ-ta unique See Language page
Arutani rio (also used for to beat?) ɾio (also used for to beat?) See Language page
Sape kaya kaya See Language page
Cha'palaa 'tuʔ-nu; 'tu'te-nu Respectively: contracted; full form. See Language page
Bora tsɨ́xɨ-βé-tsʰo, čiiʔyánï, ápʰaxʸḯnï, kʷátsʰïʔkʰáo tsɨ́xɨ-βέ-tsʰo, tʃiiʔjánɯ, ápʰaxʲɯ́nɯ, kʷátsʰɯʔkʰáo inheritance; unknown See Language page
Muinane gíxé-βe-su-ʔi, gíxé-nɨ-ʔi, gáikkáau-ʔi gíxέ-βɛ-su-ʔi, gíxέ-nɨ-ʔi, gáikkáau-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio iiwönö iwönö inheritance see 'hit' See Language page
Apalai owõko owõko inheritance See Language page
Wayana wë, uhmopo wǝ, uhmopo inheritance; inheritance see 'hit' See Language page
Tiriyó aawïrï aawɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Makiritare aminɲaʔkadɨ (IDS) (Also ema-dɨ); aminña'kadü (KH) aminɲaʔkadɨ unique See Language page
Mapoyo wawë-ri wawɛ-ri See Language page
Wai Wai ∅-wayh-ka-kɨ ∅-wayh-ka-kɨ inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari wuse wuse See Language page
Yabarana ja'wari See Language page
Yukpa etoka, nechókata ts̺ts̺oka See Language page
Kalapalo e- e- unknown See Language page
Muisca bgusqua βγuskua See Language page
Barí sobãã *Chibchan form is *'gua. See Language page
Northern Emberá bheái bheái See Language page
Epena pee- See Language page
Guayabero pa unknown See Language page
Macaguan up, upí- up, upí- unknown See Language page
Cuiva bexúba matar, kill Huber & Reed 1992:282
Cofán fi´ttiye fiʔtʰijɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pachámaana patʃámaana unique See Language page
Páez hick hick See Language page
Tikuna nanadai (he kills) [2, 3, 5] nanadai, -mã (verbal root) unique See Language page
Urarina su su unique See Language page
Camsa xóbana xóbana See Language page
Andoke #NAME? -ʝií- (to kill, make ill) unique See Language page
Pumé ngũnã See Language page
Puinave -ɨi-ək -ɨi-ək unique See Language page
Máku šipinu ʃipinu See Language page
Warao n- n- See Language page
Ashuar máatin (kill animals), mangkartuatin (kill people) ma:tin, maŋkartuatin See Language page
Huambisa maatsa ma:tsa See Language page
Aguaruna máut máut inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect da-jǝ:p 'cause to die' unique See Language page
Matses cues kues unknown See Language page
Kakataibo rɨ-ti kɨ'ɨ̃ka-ti 'to kill; to knock down a tree'. See Language page
Katukina βopi-ma- Lit. 'die-causative'. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo rɨtɨ-ti See Language page
Yaminahua rɨtɨ-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo kaka-; tɨpas-; a- kaka-; tɨpas-; a- unique See Language page
Yagua du ndu unique; unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua wañuchina waɲutʃina See Language page
Ingá wañuchii wañutʃii See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua huañuchina waɲuntʃina See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wañuchiy, sipiy waɲutʃij, sipij See Language page
Piaroa kwä'ü iku kuæʔɨ iku unknown See Language page
Bará hĩ'ã́ See Language page
Barasano ~sia-re ~sia-re See Language page
Carapana pajĩãrĩqũẽ, jĩãrĩqũẽ paxĩãɾĩkɛ̃, xĩãɾĩkɛ̃ See Language page
Makuna ~sia-re ~sia-re inheritance See Language page
Yuruti sĩ'ã́ sĩ'ã́ See Language page
Waikhana wẽ'hẽ wẽ'hẽ See Language page
Siriano wẽjẽ́ri wẽhẽ́ri See Language page
Tanimuca hã'ã ri'ka hã'ã ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo hɨ̃ã- hɨ̃ã- See Language page
Tuyuka sĩ'ã sĩʔã See Language page
Waimaja hĩ́ã́ hĩ́ã́ See Language page
Koreguaje vanisomʉ banisomʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona wai-hi; wahi wai-hi; wahi inheritance See Language page
Secoya huaiye waijɛ See Language page
Karitiana oky okɨ inheritance See Language page
Kokama umanuta umanuta doubtful loan Zaparoan See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Aché ǰukama ǰono inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano (a)ǰuka inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰuka See Language page
Sirionó i̯kia; mutiã i̯kia; mutiã inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá jukɑ jukɑ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ïrá ña ha-nḯḯ-ta {?-die-cause} ɯrá ɲa ha-nɯ́ɯ́-ta {?-die-cause} unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto méine-ɗe mέine-ɗɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto méine-te mέinɛ-tɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto meine-te mɛinɛ-tɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito amuuni amuuni inheritance See Language page
Záparo amunu amunu See Language page
Wari paʔ paʔ 'To hit and kill' is toʔ paʔ. See Language page
Araona iše *Tacn form is *iye-. See Language page
Ese Ejja kekʷa- unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kekwa-kwe kekwa-kwe See Language page
Tacana mano-a-me- mano is 'die'; -me is causative. Also pisa- to kill with an arrow. See Language page
Cavineña iye-ya; iye- (G71) iye-ya; iye- (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara jiwayaña (-ya- is a kind of causative?) xiwaya-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava rɨrɨ; [β]u'ari See Language page
Itonama yopowaʔna See Language page
Kwazá hedysi-, otsi- hedysi-, otsi- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané i'hai; i'hak-si Respectively: generic term; to kill people. Cf. 'dead' 04.750. See Language page
Movima tikoi-na tikoi-na See Language page
Trumai (ha)-fa; (ha) ʔfa; ofa-n; (haits) disi-n (ha)-fa; (ha) ʔfa; ofa-n; (haits) disi-n unique See Language page
Kaingang tũg, tèn tɛn; kãŋtɛn See Language page
Suyá ywá jwá See Language page
Karajá rəbu See Language page
Djeoromitxi hi hi See Language page
Chipaya kon- Cf. 'sick' 04.840. See Language page
Mocoví y-alawat See Language page
Pilagá y-alaat Lit. '3pa-kill'. See Language page
Toba y-alawat See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkakhayi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋaʔheem; neŋelnapma; neŋyamoŋkeɬma See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i'lon See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -lan ~ -lyen See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -klɔn kill https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo u'heeʔ See Language page
Mapudungun l̯aŋɨmɨ Ranquel form is laŋɨm-. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳaar Also eykwaker, which also means 'hit'. Em records yerakyar, 'kill with a stick'. Bo records kar for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record oftokola for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam mateʔ See Language page
Tehuelche e'ma- See Language page
Kanamarí ti ti matar Magalhães 2018:376
Lokono faryn ɸaɾɨn kil Pet 1987:362
Kariña wo wo kill; shoot; beat; hit; strike; knock; stab; fight Yamada 2010:827