Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

kill

Semantic Field: impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: matar
Meaning Portuguese: matar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	na, -inúa (h&r)	na, -inúa (h&r)		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		ǰukama ǰono		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	máut	máut		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	iiwönö	iwönö		inheritance	see 'hit'		See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	-ʝií- (to kill, make ill)		unique			See Language page
Apalai	owõko	owõko		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	kumpira-ma-			unique
Araona		iše				Tacn form is iye-.	See Language page
Arutani	rio (also used for to beat?)	ɾio (also used for to beat?)					See Language page
Ashuar	máatin (kill animals), mangkartuatin (kill people)	ma:tin, maŋkartuatin					See Language page
Ayoreo		u'heeʔ					See Language page
Baniwa	-íinoa	-íinoa		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	mūgut (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	~sia-re	~sia-re					See Language page
Bardi	-bu- ~ -o- ~ -bi	-bu- ~ -o- ~ -bi		inheritance
Bará		hĩ'ã́					See Language page
Barí		sobãã				Chibchan form is 'gua.	See Language page
Baure	ikomorik-	ikomorik-		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	paikkah, pekkah (sg obj),			inheritance
Bora	tsɨ́xɨ-βé-tsʰo, čiiʔyánï, ápʰaxʸḯnï, kʷátsʰïʔkʰáo	tsɨ́xɨ-βέ-tsʰo, tʃiiʔjánɯ, ápʰaxʲɯ́nɯ, kʷátsʰɯʔkʰáo		inheritance; unknown			See Language page
Bunuba	dangayga-			unknown
Burarra	guya rruma			unknown
Cahuilla	-mek-an-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xóbana	xóbana					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	pachámaana	patʃámaana		unique			See Language page
Carapana	pajĩãrĩqũẽ, jĩãrĩqũẽ	paxĩãɾĩkɛ̃, xĩãɾĩkɛ̃					See Language page
Carijona	ihɨnəhɨrɨ			unknown			See Language page
Cavineña	iye-ya; iye- (G71)	iye-ya; iye- (G71)		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		rɨrɨ; [β]u'ari					See Language page
Central Aymara	jiwayaña (-ya- is a kind of causative?)	xiwaya-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	jy/n:a-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'tuʔ-nu; 'tu'te-nu				Respectively: contracted; full form.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	paka/ (sg obj)			inheritance
Chipaya		kon-				Cf. 'sick' 04.840.	See Language page
Chiriguano		(a)ǰuka		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-lan ~ -lyen					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	iniwe			unknown			Mithun 1997:224
Chumash Cruzeno	7ala-nits'y “lo mato/”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Obispeno	siqsa, siksa “matalo!”			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	alwa (kill person), takty “kill animal”			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	kaka-; tɨpas-; a-	kaka-; tɨpas-; a-		unique			See Language page
Cocopa	nak			unknown
Cofán	fi´ttiye	fiʔtʰijɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	nabehkakyru, pehkarY			inheritance
Cubeo	boarĩ́ jarʉvayʉ: boayʉ́, boarĩ́ jebeyʉ: boayʉ́, boarĩ́ yavayʉ: boayʉ́	boarĩ́ xarɨvajɨ: boajɨ́, boarĩ́ hɛbɛjɨ: boajɨ́, boarĩ́ javajɨ: boajɨ́		unique			See Language page
Cuiva		bexúba	matar, kill				Huber & Reed 1992:282
Cupeño	meq-0	[məq]		inheritance
Desano	wẽjẽri	wẽhẽri		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	boyan			inheritance
Dhuwal	rakunygum
Dhuwala	[missing]			missing
Diyari	tankata			inheritance
DiyariREU	tankata			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	[missing]			missing
Djapu	[missing]			missing
Djeoromitxi	hi	hi					See Language page
Djinang	bu-ngi			inheritance
Dâw	yũt	jũt		unique			See Language page
Epena		pee-					See Language page
Ese Ejja		kekʷa-		unique			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	kekwa-kwe	kekwa-kwe					See Language page
Eñepa	-uwə-	-uwə-		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	moka			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	deb			unique
Gooniyandi	gard-			inheritance
Guayabero		pa		unknown			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	[missing]			missing
Gurindji	tampang pa-			loan	Jaminjung
Hodï		ʰkʷã lĩlĩ		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	maatsa	ma:tsa					See Language page
Hup	mæh-	~bæh-		semantic shift	hit'		See Language page
Ignaciano		-kapa; -kapa-reka					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	aamuch, aawatt	[aˑˈmʊʧ],[aˑˈwat]		unknown
Ingá	wañuchii	wañutʃii					See Language page
Iquito	amuuni	amuuni		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		yopowaʔna					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	warndab	warndab		inheritance
Jaru	nag la-			loan
Kabiyari	nua	nua					See Language page
Kaingang	tũg, tèn	tɛn; kãŋtɛn					See Language page
Kakataibo		rɨ-ti				kɨ'ɨ̃ka-ti 'to kill; to knock down a tree'.	See Language page
Kakua		mâw		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	e-	e-		unknown			See Language page
Kamayurá	jukɑ	jukɑ		inheritance			See Language page
Kanamarí	ti	ti	matar				Magalhães 2018:376
Karajarri	[missing]			missing
Karajá		rəbu					See Language page
Kariña	wo	wo	kill; shoot; beat; hit; strike; knock; stab; fight				Yamada 2010:827
Karitiana	oky	okɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Katukina		βopi-ma-				Lit. 'die-causative'.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	paka- SG OB			inheritance
Kija	thet			unique
Kiliwa	h-nyuu, h-nyuu-t (kill one); tchaw (kill several)			unknown
Kitanemuk	myk (singular object)			inheritance
Kokama	umanuta	umanuta		doubtful loan	Zaparoan		See Language page
Koreguaje	vanisomʉ	banisomʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~waha	~wahá (entire word nas.) (stenz)		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	hedysi-, otsi-	hedysi-, otsi-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ka/tt-			unknown
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	faryn	ɸaɾɨn	kil				Pet 1987:362
Luiseño	moknu-			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan	up, upí-	up, upí-		unknown			See Language page
Maidu	wo/noti			inheritance
Maihiki	mánijoyi (1st person singular)	manixoji		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	aminɲaʔkadɨ (IDS) (Also ema-dɨ); aminña'kadü (KH)	aminɲaʔkadɨ		unique			See Language page
Makuna	~sia-re	~sia-re		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	wɨʔ (IDS)	wɨʔ (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	puwa!			inheritance
Mapoyo	wawë-ri	wawɛ-ri					See Language page
Mapudungun		l̯aŋɨmɨ				Ranquel form is laŋɨm-.	See Language page
Matses	cues	kues		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	méine-te	mέinɛ-tɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	delwan			unique
Mithaka	panrrindadi			semantic shift
Mocoví		y-alawat					See Language page
Mojave	tapuy=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		i'hai; i'hak-si				Respectively: generic term; to kill people. Cf. 'dead' 04.750.	See Language page
Movima	tikoi-na	tikoi-na					See Language page
Mudburra	pa-rru
Mudburra	bak ba-			loan
Muinane	gíxé-βe-su-ʔi, gíxé-nɨ-ʔi, gáikkáau-ʔi	gíxέ-βɛ-su-ʔi, gíxέ-nɨ-ʔi, gáikkáau-ʔi					See Language page
Muisca	bgusqua	βγuskua					See Language page
Murui Witoto	meine-te	mɛinɛ-tɛ		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	li:ki “kills”			unknown			O77:57, 280
Máku	šipinu	ʃipinu					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		da-jǝ:p 'cause to die'		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	huañuchina	waɲuntʃina					See Language page
Ngamini	tankana			inheritance
Ngandi	bu			inheritance
Ngarluma	nyurntika-lku
Ngumbarl	jillellee inma, m?k	<jillellee inma, m?k>		inheritance
Nheengatu	yuká	juká		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Ninam	šela	ʃela		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	wo:nti			inheritance
Nivaclé		-klɔn	kill				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	bheái	bheái					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	kanti
Northern Nyangumarta	warnti pini- (V3)			inheritance
Northern Paiute	patsa kill sg. obj			inheritance			Thornes 03 125
Northern Sierra Miwok	jin:a-, jyn:a-			inheritance
Nukak		mau4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	panipungkanya			unknown
Nyikina	mug; -bu-; nyag	muk; -bu-; nyak		inheritance
Nyulnyul	-dam-	-dam-		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	méine-ɗe	mέine-ɗɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	ïrá ña ha-nḯḯ-ta {?-die-cause}	ɯrá ɲa ha-nɯ́ɯ́-ta {?-die-cause}		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	buga-ma-			unique
Paraguayan Guaraní		ǰuka					See Language page
Paresi	atisa	atisa		unique			See Language page
Pemon	iiwö (A1981); wö (M2000)	iwö (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	étáidaca, nuáca	étáidaka, nuáka					See Language page
Piaroa	kwä'ü iku	kuæʔɨ iku		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		y-alaat				Lit. '3pa-kill'.	See Language page
Pirriya	[altala]			unique
Pitta-Pitta	pithi			inheritance
Plains Miwok	he7ta-			unknown
Puinave	-ɨi-ək	-ɨi-ək		unique			See Language page
Pumé	ngũnã						See Language page
Páez	hick	hick					See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳaar				Also eykwaker, which also means 'hit'. Em records yerakyar, 'kill with a stick'. Bo records kar for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record oftokola for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	wañuchiy, sipiy	waɲutʃij, sipij					See Language page
Resígaro	kainée-khú, mótshó	kainée-kʰú, mótsʰó		unknown; doubtful loan	Jivaroan, cf. Huambisa ma:tsa		See Language page
Rirratjingu	boyan
Ritharrngu	bu			inheritance
Salinan A	(p)T'eka (A), (p)T'aki (pl) “kill”;			loan
Salinan M	oko/T'o'			unknown			Mason 1918:145
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apkakhayi					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋaʔheem; neŋelnapma; neŋyamoŋkeɬma					See Language page
Sanumá	nomama	nomama		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	kaya	kaya					See Language page
Secoya	huaiye	waijɛ					See Language page
Selknam		mateʔ					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	quicO			unknown
Serrano	mYkAn (sg obj)			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		rɨtɨ-ti					See Language page
Sikuani	beya(2)	béya		unknown			See Language page
Siona	wai-hi; wahi	wai-hi; wahi		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	wẽjẽ́ri	wẽhẽ́ri					See Language page
Sirionó	i̯kia; mutiã	i̯kia; mutiã		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	paq:a “to kill, to beat” (sing & dual obj);			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	wañuchina	waɲutʃina					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	jo:h-			inheritance
Southern Ute	pAka (sg. object)			inheritance
Suyá	ywá	jwá					See Language page
Tacana		mano-a-me-				mano is 'die'; -me is causative. Also pisa- to kill with an arrow.	See Language page
Tanimuca	hã'ã ri'ka	hã'ã ri'ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	díːnu, dínu	díːnu, dínu		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	hɨ̃ã-	hɨ̃ã-					See Language page
Tehuelche		e'ma-					See Language page
Tikuna	nanadai (he kills) [2, 3, 5]	nanadai, -mã (verbal root)		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	aawïrï	aawɨrɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		y-alawat					See Language page
Trinitario		-'kopako				'To kill' as in war, is -kopahii-koko.	See Language page
Trumai	(ha)-fa; (ha) ʔfa; ofa-n; (haits) disi-n	(ha)-fa; (ha) ʔfa; ofa-n; (haits) disi-n		unique			See Language page
Tukano	wẽhé (hr)	wẽhé (hr)		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	sĩ'ã	sĩʔã					See Language page
Tübatulabal	myyk-at (sg obj)			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	pakkah			inheritance
Urarina	su	su		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	∅-wayh-ka-kɨ	∅-wayh-ka-kɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	wẽ'hẽ	wẽ'hẽ					See Language page
Waimaja	hĩ́ã́	hĩ́ã́					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	wuse	wuse					See Language page
Walmajarri	pirlakuji-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	pirta-			inheritance
Waorani	wæ̃-dõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	ẓuwia-n	ẓuwia-n		unique			See Language page
Wappo	T'a/-m'i7			unknown			E1993
Warao	n-	n-					See Language page
Wari	paʔ	paʔ				'To hit and kill' is toʔ paʔ.	See Language page
Warrwa	mug	muk		inheritance
Washo	atg			unknown			J377
Waurá	a-k-unute-žɨ-ta	a-k-unute-žɨ-ta		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	wë, uhmopo	wǝ, uhmopo		inheritance; inheritance	see 'hit'		See Language page
Western Mono	patsa-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		i'lon					See Language page
Wintu	keruma: (cause to die)			inheritance
Wubuy	wu			inheritance
Yabarana		ja'wari					See Language page
Yagua	du	ndu		unique; unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		rɨtɨ-kĩ					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ranu			unknown
Yandruwandha	parndri, nhadika, parndripandhi,			semantic shift
Yanomam	waika, nomama	waika, nomama		unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	šə-ɨ	ʃə-ɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	ne_hi			unknown
Yavitero	ma	ma					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	tankindri			inheritance
Yawuru	-balu-	-balu-		inheritance
Yine		hiyľata; kama-ka-ta				Piro-Apuriná form is 'o-ka-ma-.	See Language page
Yokuts Yawdanchi	shox-			inheritance			K07:246
Yokuts Yowlumne	Soxo			inheritance			Golla 1964:63;
Yuhup	ʔũb	~ʔub		semantic shift			See Language page
Yuki	li7-, le7			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	etoka, nechókata	ts̺ts̺oka					See Language page
Yukuna	nókaje	nókahe		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	tapu/y H5:95			inheritance
Yuruti	sĩ'ã́	sĩ'ã́					See Language page
Záparo	amunu	amunu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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