Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

know/be knowledgeable

Semantic Field
mental
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
saber, conecer
Meaning Portuguese
saber, conhecer

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone sumanaih “know, be acquinted with, learn” inheritance
Cahuilla -'e'nan- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok hy/j7y-k:y- inheritance
Chemehuevi putu/cuga inheritance
Chumash Barbareno ch'am'in inheritance Ono 1996:31
Chumash Cruzeno Xupe “saber” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno ch'amyn inheritance A 15
Chumash Obispeno qiny unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno chposhoch “he knows” unknown Harrington 1974:3
Cocopa 7u:ya:/ inheritance
Comanche masuabetaitY “know”, supana7ity “knowledgeable” inheritance
Cupeño hiwchu-0 [hiwtʃu] inheritance
Gabrielino hyo:na- inheritance
Iipay 'Aa nur, uuyaaw [n̯ʊr], [uˑ˅ˈjaˑu] unknown
Kawaiisu pucugu- inheritance
Kiliwa spuuw inheritance
Kitanemuk 7yn inheritance
Lake Miwok ne/nut- inheritance
Luiseño 7o7na- inheritance
Maidu ma/kkit inheritance
Mojave suupaw= inheritance
Mutsun hinsu- unknown O77:284
Nisenan 7esak' “understand, recognize” unknown
Northern Paiute /supitakwatu “to know, understand” unknown Thornes 03:41
Northern Sierra Miwok hyj7yksy-, inheritance
Plains Miwok 7ekut:a7:e- unknown
Salinan A luane(S), luanile (pl) “know”; unknown
Salinan M ium unknown Mason 1918:141
Seri (Comcaac) quiya unknown
Serrano yna:n inheritance
Southern Paiute put:cutcugwa-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hyj7y-ksY (know something) inheritance
Southern Ute pUchuchugwa, pYchuchugwa, tYsu7a inheritance
Tübatulabal maak-at inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone sumpanai inheritance
Wappo ha/T-is-khi7 unknown E1993
Washo làšašé:si unknown Washo Project
Western Mono sUtaby/hi-, sytaby/hi unknown
Wintu t'ipna: inheritance
Yavapai spo/ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami hututwi inheritance JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi hutH inheritance K07:249; G64
Yokuts Yowlumne hutu inheritance N1944:29, G1964
Yuki na,nak “know, know a person”, na,nak'- “learn” unknown S&S 1984
Yuma u:pa/w “to know, recognize” H4:20; atap “to know, put down” (see throw) inheritance
Arabana ngurka- loan
Bardi +moonggoon +mungkun inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra marn.gi loan Yolngu
Dhangu marŋgi inheritance
Dhuwal 2263 inheritance
Dhuwala miṯan unknown
Diyari nguyama- loan direction unknown
DiyariREU ngujankata loan direction unknown
Djambarrpuyngu marŋgi inheritance
Djapu marŋgi inheritance
Djinang gaḏaman inheritance
Gajirrabeng mil unique NJ
Gupapuyngu miṯan unknown
Gurindji pina karri- inheritance
Jaru ngarra ma- inheritance
Jawi mallangarie mallangarrye inheritance
Karajarri 3995 inheritance
Kija pinarri loan NGY
Malyangapa Mal: thilkata- unique
Mangala nila loan Nyulnyulan
Miriwung mil unique NJ
Mithaka ngundindadi unique
Mudburra bina karri
Mudburra bina inheritance
Ngamini mirkiwatila unique
Ngarluma 710
Ngumbarl neela <neela> inheritance
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru ma-leŋgen ma-leŋken inheritance
Northern Mangarla pulngurru
Northern Nyangumarta miranu inheritance
Nyangumarta miranu inheritance
Nyikina nila nila inheritance
Nyulnyul ma-leŋgen ma-leŋken inheritance
Paakantyi yuri-(la)-
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta wangama semantic shift
Rirratjingu marŋgi inheritance
Ritharrngu 2263 inheritance
Walmajarri pinarri inheritance
Wangkayutyuru wangama- semantic shift
Yan-nhangu marŋgi inheritance
Yandruwandha kilka unique
Yarluyandi ngulka- unique
Yawarrawarrka mitjingankili unique
Yawuru nila + nila + inheritance
Achagua éeweri, jaléenaa éeweri, jaléenaa unknown; inheritance See Language page
Piapoco alíacawa alíakawa See Language page
Yukuna we'epíkaje weʔepíkahe unique See Language page
Tariana yéka jéka unique See Language page
Baniwa -áanhee -áanhee unknown; inheritance See Language page
Kabiyari aranhú aɾanhú See Language page
Yavitero wita wita See Language page
Bare katehesa katehesa See Language page
Wapishana aitʰapʰa-n aitʰapʰa-n inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Wayuu atɨhaa See Language page
Yine himata *Piro-Apuriná form is *hɨmata. See Language page
Paresi waiyore waijore unique See Language page
Ignaciano -'imati; -eča; -'imatiaka See Language page
Trinitario imoti See Language page
Baure čo-; -tiṛ̌i tʃo-; -tiṛ̌i unknown; inheritance See Language page
Waurá uuta; kiyeže uuta; kiježe inheritance; unknown See Language page
Arutani kina (also used for to see) kina (also used for to see) See Language page
Sape mow (also used for to see) mow (also used for to see) See Language page
Cha'palaa 'kee-mi-'ha-nu; 'mi-'ha-nu; 'mi-nu Lit. 'see-know/acquaint-come'; 'know-come (learn)'; 'know-suffix' See Language page
Bora kʷaaxákʰï kʷaaxákʰɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane gááxa-ʔi gááxa-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio iituu itu unknown See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect iʔtu iʔtu See Language page
Apalai zuaro zuaro inheritance See Language page
Wayana uwalë uwalǝ inheritance See Language page
Carijona iwarə inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó wa:rə wa:rə inheritance See Language page
Eñepa t-inča t-intʃa unique See Language page
Makiritare t-owanəkə t-ɨdɨ-dɨ (IDS) t-owanəkə t-ɨdɨ-dɨ inheritance See Language page
Makushi epuʔtɨ (IDS) epuʔtɨ (IDS) inheritance cognate Pemon See Language page
Mapoyo wahputu (wahputuru) wahputu (wahputuru) See Language page
Pemon iipuutuu (E1980); iputu (M2000) iputu (E1980) inheritance cognate Macushi See Language page
Wai Wai w-eeɲa-sɨ w-eeɲa-sɨ doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Waimiri Atroari py pɨ See Language page
Yabarana weɾiaŋpa'tawa, 'tɨmpatawe (I know) See Language page
Yukpa oratka, vau See Language page
Kalapalo fu-; ufu fu-; ufu inheritance See Language page
Muisca zemucansuca tʂemukansuka See Language page
Barí kaama Colombia: 'kamənə. *Chibchan form is *sũ. See Language page
Northern Emberá kaoái, kaaõái kaoái, kaːõái See Language page
Epena kʰawa- See Language page
Guayabero matabíht unknown See Language page
Macaguan kóp-kua- kóp-kua- unique See Language page
Sikuani japɨ́:-tane [?-see] inheritance See Language page
Cuiva ja-pu-táne saber, know Huber & Reed 1992:279
Cofán in´jañe, atesuye inʔhãɲɛ, atɛsyjɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra yasámaama jasámaama loan Quechua, poss. via Huambisa See Language page
Taushiro nu´chi nuʔʃi See Language page
Páez ciquiás kikiás See Language page
Tikuna nü-5xü3 na2cua5 (A58) nɨxɨ nakua (A58) doubtful loan, direction unknown Iquito See Language page
Urarina kwitʉkʉ kwitʉkʉ unique See Language page
Camsa xtsetatɕmbuána xtsetatɕmbuána See Language page
Andoke -do- -do- unique See Language page
Waorani ẽyẽ unique See Language page
Hodï ãku unique See Language page
Pumé dabá See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku nimi nimi See Language page
Warao namina namina See Language page
Ashuar nékat nɯkat See Language page
Huambisa yachamartasa jatʃamartasa See Language page
Aguaruna dékamu dɨkamu unique See Language page
Nukak heiʔ3 inheritance See Language page
Kakua hêjʔ inheritance See Language page
Hup hipãh- ~hipah- inheritance See Language page
Yuhup pãh ~pah See Language page
Dâw paár pǎh inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect pʌh, pǝːh inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect paːh See Language page
Matses tantia tantia inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo ʔo'nã-ti *Panoan *ʔonã-. See Language page
Katukina tana- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo i̯kʷa See Language page
Yaminahua daba See Language page
Chácobo kaʔɨ- (also means "arrive") kaʔɨ- (also means "arrive") unique See Language page
Yagua datya ndatja doubtful loan Quechua See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua yachana jatʃana See Language page
Ingá iachai iatʃai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua yachana jatʃana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano yachay yatʃaj See Language page
Piaroa wojwa wɤ̃hw̃ɑ̃ unknown See Language page
Sáliva pãẽjaha pãẽhaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará bã'hĩ́ See Language page
Barasano ~basi-re ~basi-re See Language page
Cubeo coreóvayʉ, majicʉ korɛóvajɨ, maxikɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Carapana masĩrĩqũẽ masĩɾĩkɛ̃ See Language page
Desano masiri masiri inheritance See Language page
Kotiria ~basi ~basi inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Makuna ~basi-re ~basi-re inheritance See Language page
Yuruti bã́sĩĩ bã́sĩĩ See Language page
Waikhana bã'sĩ bã'sĩ See Language page
Siriano masíri-ri masíri-ri See Language page
Tanimuca õrĩ ri'ka õrĩ ri'ka unique See Language page
Tatuyo bã'hɨ̃- bã'hɨ̃- See Language page
Tukano masî (hr) masî (hr) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Tuyuka bã'sĩ bãʔsĩ See Language page
Waimaja mãhĩ́ mãhĩ́ See Language page
Maihiki asayi (1st person singular) asaji inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje masimʉ masimʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona masiji masihi inheritance See Language page
Secoya asahuë asawɨ See Language page
Karitiana nonyp (know a fact), pypyn (know how) nonɨp, pɨpɨn unknown See Language page
Nheengatu kwáu, koyecéri (from POR) kwáu, kojeséri (from POR) inheritance See Language page
Kokama icua ikua inheritance See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page
Aché kuaaʔa inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano kʷaa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kuaa See Language page
Sirionó i̯kʷa i̯kʷa inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá kwahap kwahap inheritance See Language page
Ocaina ááxa, ooroja ááxa, ooroha doubtful loan; inheritance Boran See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto onó-de onó-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto onó-de onó-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto u.iño-te u.iɲo-tɛ inheritance See Language page
Ninam tapo tapo inheritance See Language page
Yanomam ta (EM72) ta inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ta-ɨ (know), puhi ku-u (believe), ta-ra-rei (understand), ta (EM72) ta-ɨ (know), puhi ku-u (believe), ta-ɾa-ɾei (understand), ta (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá ta (EM72) ta inheritance See Language page
Iquito nacusiini nakusiini doubtful loan, direction unknown Ticuna See Language page
Záparo ayt+nu ajtɨnu See Language page
Wari tašiʔ; kerek; kerek pinʔ taʃiʔ; kerek; kerek pinʔ Respectively: 'to know a fact; to know a person; to recognize'. See Language page
Araona ba; ba-mewe ba also means 'see'15.510. Also habatimewe; tehe. See Language page
Ese Ejja ɓa-nahe inheritance See Language page
Tacana a; ba-we/boe See Language page
Cavineña bawe-dʸa; adeba- bawe-dʸa; adeba- inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara yatiña yati-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava beke See Language page
Itonama kikuwaʔna, kikɨwaʔna See Language page
Kwazá areta, ũcehỹ-, ũcenãi areta, ũcehỹ-, ũcenãi See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané tči'yæ See Language page
Movima o-na-ra-na o-na-ra-na See Language page
Trumai kite, (ha) xup kite, (ha) xup unique See Language page
Kaingang kanhrãn kaɲrɔ; ki kaɲrɔ See Language page
Canela nɔ̃ See Language page
Suyá má, mba má, mba See Language page
Karajá erɨ See Language page
Djeoromitxi änõ ǝnõ See Language page
Chipaya paxš; šiš The former is to recognize a person. See Language page
Mocoví y-aʔden Cf. 'understand' 17.160. See Language page
Pilagá y-a'yaten See Language page
Toba y-ayaten See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apyasinkoi Also neŋyekpelkeemoo; aŋyaap. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋmowaan; neŋyaʔaskamkoo See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yeha'neh Also means 'understand' 17.160. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -xaneʔ ~ -xene See Language page
Maca #NAME? Also -ikfel-ec̷; -ikfel-ix, 'conocer' (be acquainted with). See Language page
Nivaclé -tɔʔ-y-a know https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo i'moʔ See 15.510. See Language page
Mapudungun kimɨ Ranquel form is kim-. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳowloḳ Sk records koy for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam ayker See Language page
Tehuelche 'ōmkˀ- See Language page
Kanamarí tikok tikok saber Magalhães 2018:376
Lokono thobolhidin tʰoboɽidin know Pet 1987:362
Kariña uku(ty) uku(tɨ) know; understand Yamada 2010:820