Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

tongue

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: lengua
Meaning Portuguese: lingua

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	núinane	núinane		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		kbere		unknown			See Language page
Aguaruna	idái	idái		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	anii	ani		inheritance	Proto-Carib?		See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	ani	ani					See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Apalai	omi, omiry	omi, omirɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	thanganha			unique
Araona		e-ana				*Tacn form is e-yana.	See Language page
Arutani	takõhã (possibly morphologically complex?)	takõhã (possibly morphologically complex?)					See Language page
Ashuar	inái, injái	inãĩ, inxãĩ					See Language page
Ayoreo		a'reei					See Language page
Baniwa	-eenéne	-eenéne		inheritance			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	lal'-lang' 173; la-lant (K1907)			inheritance
Barasano	~jebe-ro	~jebe-ro					See Language page
Bardi	niyangal(a)	niyangal(a)		inheritance
Bare	nene	nene					See Language page
Bará		jẽ'bẽro					See Language page
Barí		kobẽ				Colombia: kobɨnə; kobɨɨnə. Chibchan form is pkuʔ or *'pkua.	See Language page
Baure	-pe-n; epenene	pe-n; epenene		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	aikon, ekon			inheritance
Bora	nɨ́ɨ́xɨ-kwa, mé-ʔnɨ́xɨ-kwa	nɨ́ɨ́xɨ-kwa, mέ-ʔnɨ́xɨ-kwa		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	thalanyi			loan
Burarra	ngarl			unknown
Cahuilla	-nang-ily			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	bitʃtá-xa	bitʃtá-xa					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	nĩaporich	nĩapoɾitʃ		unique			See Language page
Carapana	ñemerõ	ɲɛmɛɾɔ̃					See Language page
Carijona	iɲiko			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	yana (Also means "language, law, an order, custom")	yana		inheritance/Panoan?			See Language page
Cayuvava		'iiɲi ~ iɲe ~ eɲe					See Language page
Central Aymara	lajjra	laχra					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ne/p:ity-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ɲihka					See Language page
Chemehuevi	ago/mp(i)			inheritance
Chipaya		las				Uru-J form is natsi.	See Language page
Chiriguano		(čẽ-)ku; kũu		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-kax ~ -kyax (f.)					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7e7lew			inheritance			Klar 1977:18
Chumash Cruzeno	7elew			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	7elew			inheritance			Klar 1977:17
Chumash Obispeno	7eLhew(') (18, 113), 7eLhe' (p. 51)			inheritance			Klar 1977:18
Chumash Ventureno	7elew'			inheritance			Klar 1977:18
Chácobo	ha-; ha-na	ha-; ha-na		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	mpaLy			inheritance
Cofán	menzanza´fa	mɛndzandzaʔɸa				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	eekO			inheritance
Cubeo	jemedo	xɛmɛdo		inheritance			See Language page
Cupeño	-neng'a	[nəŋɁə]		inheritance
Desano	nero	nero		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	matha			inheritance
Dhuwal	matha
Dhuwala	matha			inheritance
Diyari	tharli			inheritance
DiyariREU	tanjana			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	matha			unknown
Djapu	matha			unknown
Djeoromitxi	piro	piro					See Language page
Djinang	yamana			unknown
Dâw	nõrkeèd	nɔ̃hkæ̂d		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		kʰĩ'ra-me ~ kʰĩra-'me				Lit. 'face-protuberance' 04.204; 04.492.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-(y)ana		inheritance/Panoan?			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-yana	e-yana					See Language page
Eñepa	-iɲo-	-iɲo-		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	7ano:ngi-n			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	thalalang			inheritance
Gooniyandi	thalanyi			loan
Guayabero		katʃiéʔ-t		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	matha			inheritance
Gurindji	jalany			inheritance
Hodï	a nene			loan	Arawak		See Language page
Huambisa	inai	inai					See Language page
Hup	nɔg'æ̌d	~dɔ-g'æ̌d		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		#NAME?					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	enepall	[ən̯əˈpaɫ]		inheritance
Ingá	kallu	kaʎu					See Language page
Iquito	nɨ'ɨti	nɨ'ɨti		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		oh-počosnila					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	niyangala	niyangala		inheritance
Jaru	jalany			inheritance
Jawi	neeingalla	niingalla		inheritance
Kabiyari	nenipá	nenipá					See Language page
Kaingang	nũnẽ, vĩ	nũnɛ̃					See Language page
Kakataibo		ana				Panoan ana.	See Language page
Kakua		nɨ̌ʔ		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	iŋugu	iŋugu		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	nekõ (K12)	nekõ (K12)		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	djalanj			inheritance
Karajá		dɔrɔtɔ (?)					See Language page
Kariña	nuru	nuru	tongue				Yamada 2010:782
Karitiana	koromopi´yp	koɾomopiʔɨp		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		hana					See Language page
Kawaiisu	7egu-by			inheritance
Kija	tharlarla-			inheritance
Kiliwa	ha7=pal			inheritance
Kitanemuk	nyngich			inheritance
Koreguaje	chemeño	dʒemeɲo		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~ye'be	~jeʔbe		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	-tuku	-tuku					See Language page
Lake Miwok	le/ttip			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	yje(-hy)	ɨje(-hɨ)	tongue				Pet 1987:374
Luiseño	we:yi (possessed only)			unique
Maca		#NAME?				Cf. 'lick' 04.590.	See Language page
Macaguan	-brat	-brat		inheritance	Central+Macaguan subgroup		See Language page
Maidu	7e\ni/			inheritance
Maihiki	nemetoyo ja	nemetojo xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	ɲūdu (IDS); ñu:du (KH)	ɲu:du		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~jebe-ro	~jebe-ro		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	u-nu (IDS)	u-nu (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	taia palpa y tharliji			inheritance
Mandawaka	néne	néne					See Language page
Mangala	jalany			inheritance
Mapoyo	nuru; nda punu-'bë (lit. skin of the outh)	nuru; nda punu-'bɛ (lit. skin of the outh)					See Language page
Mapudungun		kewɨn̯				Ranquel formis kewɨn.	See Language page
Matses	ana, anusudte	ana, anusudte		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	i.ḯɸe	i.ɯ́ɸɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	thalalang			inheritance
Mithaka	tharli			inheritance
Mocoví		l-oʔleg-aʁan-aʁat				Lit. '3rd poss-?-intrans-instr.(masc)'.	See Language page
Mojave	iipaly			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		'nem					See Language page
Movima	ruɬ-kʷa	ruɬ-kʷa					See Language page
Mudburra	jalanya
Mudburra	jalanya			inheritance
Muinane	néxe-ba	nέxɛ-ba					See Language page
Muisca	pqua	pkua					See Language page
Murui Witoto	i.ïɸe	i.ɯɸɛ		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	lasseh, lasse			inheritance			O77:50
Máku	du:te	du:te					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		naga̰ːd					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		naga̰ːd		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	callu	kaʎu					See Language page
Ngamini	tali			inheritance
Ngandi	gu-dhelng			inheritance?
Ngarluma	yalhuru
Ngumbarl	nengul, neungala	nengul, neungala		inheritance
Nheengatu	apeku	apeku		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	mimi			unique
Nimanburru	ningal	ningal		inheritance
Ninam	pili aka	pili aka		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	7al			inheritance
Nivaclé		-čˀakleč	tongue				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	kẽráme	kẽráme					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	jalany
Northern Nyangumarta	jalany			inheritance
Northern Paiute	ikO			inheritance			Thornes 03:37
Northern Sierra Miwok	nep:it-y-			inheritance
Nukak		nɨik2		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	jarliny			inheritance
Nyikina	niyangalany; jalany	niyangalany; jalany		inheritance
Nyulnyul	-(a)ngarl	-(a)ngarl		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	i.ḯpe	i.ɯ́pɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	jinñóónhfu	hĩɲṍṍʔɸɯ		unknown			See Language page
Paakantyi	therlunnia			inheritance
Pacahuara		'hana				d'Orb xana. Heath xána, {já-na}.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		kũ					See Language page
Pemon	yanii (E1980); danito (M2000)	ʎani (E1980)		unknown			See Language page
Piapoco	nène	nène					See Language page
Piaroa	chine	tʃine		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		l-a'čaʁat					See Language page
Pirriya	tharli			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	tharli			inheritance
Plains Miwok	nep:it			inheritance
Puinave	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Pumé	tjǫpõnõ						See Language page
Páez	tone	tone					See Language page
Qawasqar		ḳalaḳtes				Sk, Bo, Be, Co, Fe, Se, Lu record lekel for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record loken for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	qallu	qaʎu					See Language page
Resígaro	e?héepé	eʔhéepé		doubtful loan	Witoto		See Language page
Rirratjingu	ŋa:ṉarr
Ritharrngu	dhiilng			loan
Salinan A	epaL/l (A),			inheritance
Salinan M	I/paL	first symbol is lower case I		inheritance			Mason 1918:126
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		aɬkok					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		eŋaɬkok					See Language page
Sanumá	aka (EM72)	aka (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	matu	matu					See Language page
Secoya	semeyo	sæmæ'jo					See Language page
Selknam		čal					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ipl			unknown
Serrano	nang-ac			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		hana					See Language page
Sikuani	ebarü (2), jume (1)(also means a word, and a sound)	ebárɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	sˀemeyo	sˀemejo		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	needíru	needíru					See Language page
Sirionó	eekõ	eekõ		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	ago-N agom-pi			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	callu	kaʎu					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	nep:it-			inheritance
Southern Ute	ag'opI			inheritance
Sáliva	anene	anene		loan	Arawak		See Language page
Tacana		yana					See Language page
Tanimuca	rẽ'rõ ka'ka	rẽ'rõ ka'ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	énene	énene		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	jẽ'bẽ-'rõ	jẽ'bẽ-'rõ					See Language page
Taushiro	a´quehe´	aʔkɨhɨʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'tˀal					See Language page
Tikuna	conü [2, 3]	konɨ		unique			See Language page
Tinigua	tinutsa						See Language page
Tiriyó	nore	nore		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-ačaʁat					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Trumai	(ha) ano	(ha) ano		unique			See Language page
Tukano	ñe'mérõ	ñe'mérõ		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	yẽ'bẽ-rõ	jẽʔbẽ-rõ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	lalant			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	okon, ekon			inheritance
Urarina	lele	lele		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	∅-ɲu-ru	∅-ɲu-ru		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	jẽʔ 'bẽ-dõ	jẽʔ 'bẽ-dõ					See Language page
Waimaja	yɛ́mɛ̃́ňõ̀	jɛ́mɛ̃́rõ̀					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	kynyry	kɨnɨrɨ					See Language page
Walmajarri	jalany			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	tharli			inheritance
Waorani	õdõ-gẽdẽwa			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	-ninuˀba	-ninuˀba		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	na7ac'e			unknown
Wari	petehwet nešiʔ (petehwet)	petehwet neʃiʔ (petehwet)					See Language page
Warrwa	jalan XXngl note in kerr that it's archaic.	jalan		loan into protolanguage	Pama-Nyungan
Washo	gitMa/:dut			unknown			J99
Waurá	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	apɛkũ	apɛkũ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	nu	nu		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		ta-yee					See Language page
Western Mono	e/go			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-kˀah-ɬe'čˀe				Lit. 'mouth-egg' 05.970.	See Language page
Wintu	tahal			inheritance
Wubuy	X			missing
Yabarana		nuru					See Language page
Yagua	niquejada	nikexanda		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		ana					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	yan			inheritance
Yandruwandha	thanhani			unique
Yanomam	aka (EM72)	aka (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	pei aka	pei aka		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	tharli			inheritance
Yavapai	hi:pa/l, himpa/l, Hipa_l, Himpa\/l			inheritance
Yavitero	tate	tate					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	padpa			unique
Yawuru	jalany	jalany		loan into protolanguage	Pama-Nyungan
Yine		nnɨ				'Tip of the tongue' is ptonˑɨ. Piro-Apuriná form is 'nɨnɨ.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	talApis			inheritance			K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tHatxaTH			inheritance			K07:241, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	tHalxaTH			inheritance			Golla 1964:65
Yuhup	dɔ̃hk'æ̂d	~dɔh-k'æ̂d		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	na,mlat, na,mlap, nomlat			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	jökónatre, kunetriko	dʒipota					See Language page
Yukuna	lenaji	lenahi		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	i:pa/ly H3:208			inheritance
Yuruti	jẽ́bẽ-rõ	jẽ́bẽ-rõ					See Language page
Záparo	riricha	ɾiɾiʧa					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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