Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

scratch

Semantic Field: impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: rascar
Meaning Portuguese: rasgar

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Aguaruna	nanchikít	nantʃikit		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	chiichiikma, ekkanöbang (oneself)	tʃi'tʃiʔma, ɛʔ'kanöbaŋ (oneself)		inheritance; unknown			See Language page
Andoke	fə́ʌ́	ɸə́ʌ́		unique			See Language page
Apalai	ixihkãko	ixihkãko		unknown			See Language page
Arabana	mirra-			inheritance
Ashuar	méejatrin	mɨ:xatrin					See Language page
Baniwa	tshawa	tshawa		inheritance			See Language page
Bardi	wirr -joo- (tr)	wirr -ju- (dr)		inheritance
Baure	torič-	toritʃ-		unknown			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	-kittuih,			unknown
Bora	dójórɨúcu (T98)	tóxórɨɯkʰɯ		unique			See Language page
Bunuba	warirr-			unknown
Burarra	wirrka			loan	Yolngu
Cahuilla	-saluk-H149			inheritance			S&H 1979
Carijona	itʃitʃinənə			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	arañar (C&L89)	araɲar		loan	Spanish		See Language page
Central Aymara	ch´iyjana	tʃʔijxana					See Language page
Chemehuevi	coo/n7a			unknown
Chumash Barbareno	e7e, 7ixwa B78			unknown			Mithun 1997:232
Chumash Ineseno	aqulu A 238			inheritance			A 238
Chumash Obispeno	stYi			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	tiqul			unknown			JPH
Cocopa	Lyqshaq; Sxwany (an itch)			loan direction unknown
Cofán	dequiañe	dɛkyiaɲɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tsakwo7nery “scratch an itch”			unique
Cubeo	ãcʉricʉ	ãkɨɾikɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cupeño	salakw-in	[səˈlakʷ]		inheritance
Desano	ñahguiriñe	jajguiɾije		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	dhe'thiyun			unknown
Dhuwal	wirrk
Dhuwala	wirrk			unknown
Diyari	murruwa			inheritance
DiyariREU	miranta			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	wirrk
Djapu	wirrk			unknown
Djeoromitxi	piriri	piriri					See Language page
Djinang	yirrachi-gi			unknown
Dâw	xâák [xep – scrape e.g. manioc]	xə̌k		inheritance			See Language page
Esselen	hasho/wi-			loan direction unknown			Shaul 1995:217
Eñepa	rë'ka, ërë'ka	rǝʔka, ǝrǝʔka		inheritance			See Language page
Gajirrabeng	yigarr			unique
Gooniyandi	wirrij-			loan
Gupapuyngu	wirrk			inheritance
Gurindji	yikarrp ma-			loan	Miriwung
Huambisa	naunchikiatsa	nauntʃikiatsa					See Language page
Hup	kokoj-, hæp-	kokoɟ-, hæp-		unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hesak	[xəˈsaq]		loan direction unknown
Ingá	aspii	aspii					See Language page
Iquito	arisiini	arisiini		inheritance			See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	-gand- [magandan]	-kand- [makandan]		inheritance
Jaru	bangi-			inheritance
Kaingang	jarn ke	yaɾn ke					See Language page
Kakua		tãk		unknown			See Language page
Kamayurá	torok (M2000)	torok (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	wer-ēdj			inheritance
Kariña	kaka	kaka	scratch; scrape				Yamada 2010:746
Karitiana	sik	sik		unknown			See Language page
Kawaiisu	ca-we7e “scratch an itch”			unknown
Kija	kirrkirr			unique
Kiliwa	s-7+xwal, xwaal “scratch at”, maat p-c+khip, /maat p-s+min “scratch body (dog)”, p+khil-t waa waqu “scratch (arse)”, x_kwiiyr-p “w/ claws”			unknown
Kitanemuk	shym			inheritance
Koreguaje	ko'rʉmʉ	koʔrʉmʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	ñacana; waquĩ nina (all Waltz)	jakana; wakĩ nina (all Waltz)		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	erewe-, kakanĩ-, kay-, wiri-	erewe-, kakanĩ-, kay-, wiri-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	Se/eka			inheritance
Lokono	kharasyn	kʰaɾasɨn	scratch				Pet 1987:370
Luiseño	$okapa~i			inheritance			Elliott
Macaguan	kachín			inheritance	Central+Macaguan subgroup		See Language page
Maidu	c'y/wak			inheritance
Maihiki	sasuyi	sasuji		unknown			See Language page
Makuna	waje-re	waxe-ɾe		unknown			See Language page
Makushi	kaʔnama (SM)	kaʔnama (SM)		unknown			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: mira-			loan	Karnic
Mangala	rlacu
Matses	shuan	ʃuan		unknown			See Language page
Miriwung	yigarr			unique	NJ
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mojave	saqwaq= (as cat)			loan direction unknown
Movima	huaɨna (to scratch somethinɡ) (J62)	huaɨna					See Language page
Mudburra	warra
Mudburra	karal			loan
Muinane	dúnucɨhi (W97)	dúnukɨʔi					See Language page
Muisca	bcoiquesuca	βkoikesuka					See Language page
Murui Witoto	jiiruite, jiitade	hiiruitɛ, hiitadɛ (B83)		unknown			See Language page
Mutsun	haska, hassa “scratch an itch”			loan direction unknown			O77:121
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		ʃæ̰̃:d					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʃæ̃:t, ʃæ̰̃:d, hap		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	aspina	aspina					See Language page
Ngamini	mirapana			inheritance
Ngandi	rdey'-dhu			loan
Ngarluma	yirrba(-gu)			unique
Ngumbarl	tchabboo-tchabboo	<tchabboo-tchabboo>		unique
Nheengatu	çuruka (~torn)	suɾuka (~torn)		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	mirra			inheritance
Nimanburru	wer-djon	wer-jon		inheritance
Ninam	tikoka (EM72)	tikoka		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	syk'yj			inheritance
Northern Emberá	kuruí	kuruí					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	rlacu
Northern Nyangumarta	[missing]			missing
Northern Paiute	wongi			unknown			Nichols 1974:343
Northern Sierra Miwok	Tisy:j-y-			inheritance
Nyangumarta	wirirr			inheritance
Nyikina	laboorr	laburr		unique
Nyulnyul	kede kede nanareo	kede kede nanarreo		unique
Ocaina	caayi	kaaji		unknown			See Language page
Paakantyi	maṛa-maṛa-			loan
Paresi	halalaka	halalaka		unique			See Language page
Pemon	kararika (A1981); ikoriripütü (M2000)	kaɾaɾika (A1981); iko:ɻoɻi:pɨ'tɨ (M2000)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	íwíaca	íwíaka					See Language page
Piaroa	ka'rEuh	kaɁræuh		unknown			See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	nyinta			inheritance
Plains Miwok	cu:ju-,			unknown
Puinave	[-het] (scrape)	het		unique			See Language page
Pumé	tüká kǫarí kǫarí						See Language page
Páez	yose	yose					See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	achipiy, aspiy	atʃipij, aspij					See Language page
Resígaro	khová?-khú	kʰováʔ-kʰú		missing			See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	wirryun			inheritance
Salinan A	(k)uptun (S), (k)uptinil “scratch”;			unknown
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanumá	tikoko (EM72)	tikoko		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	co'rë	kɔʔrɨ					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	cota/xim	,		unknown
Serrano	waTu-7			unknown
Sikuani	iriba (2), irita (2), kasiba (2), katita (2)			unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Sirionó	quiareɨ~, iʃã (aɨʃã) (P85)	kiareɨ~, iʃã (aɨʃã)		unknown			See Language page
Southern Paiute	-ung7wai- to scratch (needs inst pref)			unique
Southern Pastaza Quechua	aspina	aspina					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	we:T- (a person),			inheritance
Southern Ute	chaa7na			unique
Sáliva	tõãhñajaha	tõãʔɲahaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tariana	sáwa	sáwa		inheritance			See Language page
Tikuna	nangáo (Alv44)	nangáo		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	wai	wai		unique			See Language page
Trumai	(ha) ɨen	(ha) ɨen		unique			See Language page
Tukano	jãʔké, bɨá jãʔke	jãʔké, bɨá jãʔke		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Tübatulabal	owookin			unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone	-siiwah			inheritance
Urarina	hwaʉitu, hjʉsi	hwaʉitu, hjʉsi		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	furiki (SM)	furiki (SM)		unknown			See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	-kaka-	-kaka-					See Language page
Walmajarri	karlala-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	nhinta-			inheritance
Wapishana	kɨzɨt	kɨzɨt		unique			See Language page
Wappo	ch'ath-i7			loan			E1993
Wari	pixac (E&K97)	piʃak (E&K97)					See Language page
Warrwa	waarru ngambanyjina XXngl scratch I did to myself.	waarru ngambanyjina		unique
Washo	7EbE i/c'ush			unknown			J532
Wayampi	amokekei (O78)	amokekei (O78)		unknown			See Language page
Wayana	puklët	puklǝt		unique			See Language page
Western Mono	tsabo7i-			unknown
Wintu	luka:			unknown
Wubuy	arla, lhirrida			unknown
Yabarana		ehenaka'ɾoiŋkaɾi					See Language page
Yagua	jmuniyẽ	xmunijẽ		unique			See Language page
Yan-nhangu	galŋa-waṉpuma			unknown
Yandruwandha	mirra, mirramirra			inheritance
Yanomam	kikoka (EM72)	kikoka		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	(si) hukëkaɨ, hukëkëaɨ, (si) tikokaɨ, tikokoaɨ	(si) hukəkaɨ, hukəkəaɨ, (si) tikokaɨ, tikokoaɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	mirra-			inheritance
Yavapai	tmo/:			unknown
Yawarrawarrka	mirari			inheritance
Yawuru	dyaddyad +	jajad +		inheritance
Yokuts Yawdanchi	k'uyuk 249			unknown			K07:249
Yokuts Yowlumne	xosop			unknown			N1944
Yuhup	cæ̃w'	~cæw'		semantic shift			See Language page
Yuki	k'o:t-, k'ot'-			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	ojekárapo, serie						See Language page
Yukuna	jarípa'akaje, sarípa'akaje	harípaʔakahe, sarípaʔakahe		inheritance			See Language page
Záparo	arishunu	aɾiʃunu					See Language page


Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Ashuar
Baniwa
Bardi
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Carijona
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Esselen
Eñepa
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Kaingang
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Matses
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mojave
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanumá
Secoya
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tariana
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Trumai
Tukano
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Wayampi
Wayana
Western Mono
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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