Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

breathe

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
respirar
Meaning Portuguese
respirar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone sua-kkaih “to breathe, to be breathy” inheritance
Cahuilla -hikus- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok he/n-si- inheritance
Chemehuevi suwa/-ka inheritance
Chumash Barbareno kalash inheritance Klar 1977:29
Chumash Cruzeno pHpoqtok “tu alma o aliento” unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno kalash inheritance Klar 1977:29
Chumash Obispeno qstyeLha inheritance Klar 1977:29
Chumash Ventureno enhes “breath” unknown JPH
Cocopa ya:S, 7i:ya/:S inheritance
Comanche suahkety inheritance
Cupeño qusa'-0 [quˈsaɁ] inheritance
Iipay 'Aa yaas [jaˑs] inheritance
Kawaiisu soo-ki inheritance
Kiliwa yaay=caa-w (also “breath, voice”) inheritance Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk hikaw, hikay inheritance
Lake Miwok he/n- inheritance
Luiseño hakwi/s- inheritance
Maidu ho/nwe\j inheritance
Mojave uuyey= inheritance
Mutsun [noswe “breathes”, nosso unknown O77:41, 122
Nisenan honpin, honhepin inheritance
Northern Paiute so/unga(') inheritance Nichols 1974:337
Northern Sierra Miwok hen:a- inheritance
Plains Miwok hes:e- inheritance
Salinan A (ke)tsikna (S), (ke)tsi/ktina “breathe”; unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) coix quiisax unknown
Serrano hi:k “breathe, be alive, get well, be well” inheritance
Southern Paiute cua-G inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hen-si inheritance
Southern Ute so”aka inheritance
Tübatulabal ihk-yt inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone sumakkain inheritance
Wappo mehshi/k'she7 unknown
Washo k'e/she E- “to breathe” 263 unknown J263
Western Mono suwaqa- inheritance
Wintu 7ol-phure inheritance
Yavapai vthe^:h(the^:h)i\; vthe_: unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi hong- inheritance K07:248
Yokuts Yowlumne hohSe: inheritance Golla 1964:60
Yuki 7ot- inheritance S&S1984
Yuma u:ye:/yk “he breathes” H1:31 inheritance
Baniwa híraa, kaaɺewa híraa, kaaɺewa unique; inheritance See Language page
Carijona esetrenarɨ unique See Language page
Cubeo ũmedabʉboyʉ ĩmedabɨbojɨ unique See Language page
Dâw rẽg so’ hæ̃g ʃɔɁ inheritance See Language page
Desano sĩaĩ-ri sĩaĩ-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -yači- (IDS) -jatʃi- (IDS) unknown See Language page
Hodï bẽyabekɨ unique See Language page
Waorani gẽbã unique See Language page
Hup haŋ-cak- ~hag-cak- inheritance See Language page
Kakua kâwdiʔ-waj [heart-pull] unique See Language page
Makushi yetta-pusin (IDS) yetta-pusin (IDS) unknown See Language page
Nheengatu angá (noun, respiração) anga (noun, respiração) unknown See Language page
Ninam hẽrekəmo (EM72) hẽɾekəmo inheritance See Language page
Maihiki yieyi jieji inheritance See Language page
Pemon yarewik ewo-nepui (A1981); darewü'to (M2000) dʒaɾewik ewonepui (A1981) unique See Language page
Resígaro siku?-Jú sikuʔ-Jú unique See Language page
Sanumá henekemo (EM72) henekemo inheritance See Language page
Sikuani najumalinota (2) nahúmalinota unique See Language page
Tukano ehêri mii ehêri mii inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Kotiria yajeri nana (Waltz) jajeɾi nana (Waltz) inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page
Yanomam hẽrekamo hẽɾekamo inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ũkũkaɨ ũkũkaɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna re'iyayó ña'akana (inside# come out) reʔijajó ɲaʔakana (inside# come out) unique See Language page
Yuhup haŋ-cak- ~hag-cak- inheritance See Language page
Arabana ngaruwaluwalunkata inheritance
Bardi bo"" buu inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra ngeka unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala ŋar'yun inheritance
Diyari ngarawaluwalunkata inheritance
DiyariREU ngarawaluwalunkata inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang ngalwartjingilgi unknown
Gajirrabeng ngany inheritance
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu ŋar'yun inheritance
Gurindji ngayirrp ma- inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr bo"" buu inheritance
Jaru ngayirr inheritance
Jawi lin-innyan(i) lin-innyan(i) unknown
Karajarri 4155 doubtful loan
Kija ngayirr inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: ngangka- loan direction unknown
Mangala rangku doubtful loan onomatopoeic
Miriwung ngany inheritance
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra ngayib (kurni)
Mudburra ngayib inheritance
Ngamini ngarawaluwalunkana inheritance
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma ngayini
Ngumbarl ngeerurr ŋirurr unknown
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru bo"" buu inheritance
Northern Mangarla rangku
Northern Nyangumarta nganyjunu- (V2) unknown
Nyangumarta 5200 unknown
Nyikina rang rang unique
Nyulnyul ner magolan nerr makolan inheritance
Paakantyi ḏawi- unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta ngari inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu ngir-yu- inheritance
Walmajarri ngayirrma- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru ngapunka- unique
Wubuy nganyga inheritance
Yan-nhangu ŋar'yun inheritance
Yandruwandha ngindra unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka ngarawaluwalukindri inheritance
Yawuru bo"" buu inheritance
Piapoco mìadáidaca mìadáidaka See Language page
Yavitero ¢uha tsuha See Language page
Wapishana [-]niẓuwa-n [-]niẓuwa-n unique See Language page
Wayuu a-sana-ľaa-waa Lit. 'prefix-root-suffix-infinitive (length following long vowel). 'My breath' is to-huľa. See 'blow' 10.380. See Language page
Yine hinˑiphya; nˑiphya See Language page
Paresi iyawinisoa ijawinitsoa unique See Language page
Ignaciano -'amiča; -tumewa Also -'ačahurapa. See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page
Baure aher- aher- unique See Language page
Waurá -ĩ'wĩ (also means "lung") -ĩ'wĩ unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'iš-nu See 'blow' 10.380. *South Barbacoan form is *furi-. See Language page
Bora allíchu (T98) atʃítʃʰɯ unique See Language page
Muinane jáguisɨhi (W97) xáguisɨʔi See Language page
Akawaio ekuuwekmang eʔ'kuwɛʔmaŋ unknown See Language page
Apalai eunatãko eunatãko unknown See Language page
Wayana woi -ka woi -ka unique See Language page
Mapoyo satama-ri satama-ri See Language page
Wai Wai oy-aΦeΦe-n oy-aΦeΦe-n unique See Language page
Yabarana 'ehnɜ sa'tamaɾi, ehne sa'tawmaɾi See Language page
Yukpa eramsi, irampsi´taop, oramse, samako´, yorampsi, yoransi, yoranse See Language page
Kalapalo fїɳGi- fїɳGi- unknown See Language page
Muisca fihizca pihitʂka See Language page
Barí bosobuku See Language page
Northern Emberá bíai, iñabái bíai, iñabái See Language page
Epena ĩapa- See Language page
Macaguan piɨ́t inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cofán qquendyaye khyɛndjajɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kanóosámaama kanóosámaama unique See Language page
Páez ŭusée- ŭusée- See Language page
Tikuna tei-pá (Alv44) teiʔpá unique See Language page
Andoke yafi'sél jaɸiʔsél unique See Language page
Pumé jẽvapá See Language page
Puinave [-hĩ-yək] hĩ-jək unique See Language page
Ashuar mayátin majatin See Language page
Huambisa mayatasa majatasa See Language page
Aguaruna mayatút majatut inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect hãg See Language page
Matses tiboque tiboke unknown See Language page
Kakataibo o'ĩ-ti *Panoan *oĩ. See Language page
Katukina hoĩ- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo hoĩ-ti See Language page
Yaminahua ṣ̌ãka ikĩ See Language page
Chácobo ṣ̌aka-; ṣ̌ɨo- (also means "breath") ṣ̌aka-; ṣ̌ɨo- (also means "breath") unique See Language page
Yagua narye na:rje: unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua samana samana See Language page
Ingá samai kachai samai katʃai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua samana samana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano samay samaj See Language page
Piaroa huEpuɨh (K76) huæpuɨh unknown See Language page
Carapana yeri jĩnijãrĩqũẽ jeri xĩnixãrĩkẽ See Language page
Makuna ʉsi ãmi-re; ʉsi wĩji-re (constituent ʉsi means 'ghost') ɨsi ãmi-ɾe; ɨsi wĩxi-ɾe unknown See Language page
Tanimuca dyia'ta ri'ka ʎia'ta ri'ka inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje chʉ'emʉ dʒʉʔemʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona yi'eji jiʔehi inheritance See Language page
Karitiana hãn hãn unknown See Language page
Wayampi -y-pɨtuɛkɨi -j-pɨtuɛkɨi inheritance See Language page
Aché guaʔa unique See Language page
Chiriguano -pɨtũe inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨtu; pɨtu-hẽ See Language page
Sirionó iabu iabu unique See Language page
Ocaina jaayo haajo unknown See Language page
Wari wereme wereme See Language page
Araona hana-miki *Tacn form is *xana-. See Language page
Ese Ejja wosi-wosi-; šexa-šexa- unique See Language page
Tacana haanata- See Language page
Cavineña kana-heti-ya (Also refers to the noun "breath"; kana is "air") kana-heti-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara samaña samaɲa See Language page
Cayuvava hã-kãkãhe; kakahe; kãka 'To breath' is ra'kãkãhe. See Language page
Itonama wahsuʔna; sahsusuʔna See Language page
Kwazá enãjã-, enãʔenã enãjã-, enãʔenã See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané pœh'yi; hœ'ki Respectively: 'breath' and breathe'. See Language page
Movima ɬou-ka-teʔe ɬou-ka-teʔe See Language page
Trumai (ha) an fafla (ha) an fafla unique See Language page
Kaingang hãn hãn ke (onomatopoeia?), jẽnger yɛ̃nŋɛr See Language page
Karajá ele See Language page
Djeoromitxi habädjenõkü habǝdʒenõkø See Language page
Chipaya xex-; xexa Verbal form is xex-š, also means 'rest' 04.912. See Language page
Mocoví l-akat See Language page
Pilagá l-ayat Also means 'air' 01.710; 'wind' 01.720. See Language page
Toba l-ʔat Also means 'air, wind' 01.710. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Noun form. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ni-amnimama See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋennamaam See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tˀiyaɬ Verbal form; -yaɬ is 'breath'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -yelixiʔ See Language page
Maca #NAME? Cf. 'lung' 04.441; 'air' 01.710. See Language page
Nivaclé -yaɬ; -ta-yaɬ-i breathe, breath https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo uɲ̥a'ri Also i'n̥ime uɲ̥a'ri. See Language page
Mapudungun n̯eyen̯ Ranquel form is neyi-. See Language page
Qawasqar aws Also aws-yenes; yer-lay. See Language page
Selknam xòxè Verb form. See Language page
Tehuelche 'hoh- See Language page
Lokono akobyn akobɨn breathe Pet 1987:352
Kariña erema erema breathe; live Yamada 2010:732