Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

how?

Semantic Field
grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
como
Meaning Portuguese
como

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone hakani “of being” inheritance
Cahuilla mexanuk inheritance S&H 1979
Chemehuevi haga/niga(i) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7akim unknown Wash 2001:88
Chumash Ineseno tak'u Applegate 20 inheritance A20
Chumash Obispeno hatYu (in “Como estas?”) inheritance JPH
Chumash Ventureno nelka7a7an “como esta..., cual es” unknown JPH
Cocopa km7ap “how can it be? unknown
Comanche hakani inheritance
Cupeño mixanuk [mixənuk] inheritance
Gabrielino 7ava:xa “how is?”, unknown
Iipay 'Aa meyuu, mu'yuu [məˈjuˑ˅], [mʊˈjuˑ˅] inheritance
Kawaiisu ha-ga-ni inheritance
Kiliwa p+aux unknown Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk haminat “how (are you)?” inheritance
Lake Miwok hi/nti inheritance
Luiseño micha-xa/ni-nuk inheritance
Maidu hesa/sa unknown
Mojave missing missing
Mutsun hinka-hte “how be?” inheritance O77:317
Nisenan homa:ti/n inheritance Text p. 22 S 12
Northern Paiute ha7u inheritance Thornes 03:188
Northern Sierra Miwok minto inheritance
Plains Miwok hi:ti inheritance
Salinan A ake- p. 35 unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) zi/mo, zo/ unknown
Serrano hami:n' inheritance
Southern Paiute aga-n:i “how? to act how? to do what? inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok micyk-na-tho-j (na2) inheritance
Southern Ute ag'a inheritance
Tübatulabal ha7ic V1935:165
Tümpisa Shoshone hakani (how, what, of something done) inheritance
Wappo 7iha/7 unknown
Washo hu/nga unknown J174
Western Mono hani/7, hani7i/-tU inheritance
Wintu hen inheritance
Yavapai ka/(v) unknown
Yokuts Yowlumne hawy- inheritance 306 K 1907
Yuki haymas inheritance S&S 1984
Baniwa kóame kóame unique See Language page
Carijona ətɨke inheritance See Language page
Cubeo aipe; aipe ðarĩ aipe; aipe ðaɾĩ unique See Language page
Dâw rĩn’ hĩn’ inheritance See Language page
Desano doʔ'pa doʔ'pa inheritance See Language page
Eñepa sɨnkae (IDS) sɨnkae (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï hibɨ unique See Language page
Waorani æ-bã-dõ kæ-te unique See Language page
Hup hɨ̃p ~hɨp inheritance See Language page
Kakua dêdn-paʔ inheritance See Language page
Makushi oʔnon yeʔka (IDS) oʔnon yeʔka (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu maupé maupɛ inheritance See Language page
Ninam haperinah (EM72) hapeɾinah unique See Language page
Nukak dɛdn-pãʔ1 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki iyi iji unique See Language page
Pemon warante, -pe, tukai, warai (A1981); ö'tukaik (M2000) waɾante, pe, tukai, waɾai (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá mina, wina (EM72) mina, wina unique; inheritance See Language page
Sikuani pa-kuénia (dé:tsa: pa-kuénia, int.) inheritance See Language page
Tukano deʔró deʔró inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria do'se doʰʔse inheritance Branch 2, E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam wetinaha wetinaha inheritance See Language page
Yanomami wet naha wet naha inheritance See Language page
Yukuna meke meke unique See Language page
Yuhup nɨ̌h ~dɨ̌h inheritance See Language page
Arabana thiyara unique
Bardi nyirroogoord nyirrukurd inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra [missing] missing
Dhangu nhalpiyan unknown
Dhuwal nhämirr inheritance
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari [missing] missing
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang mir nyaliki unknown
Gajirrabeng gawoob inheritance
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji nyatpa inheritance
Jaru nyarrwa inheritance
Karajarri wanyjarra inheritance
Kija kapu inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala jarrani unique
Miriwung ?gaboob inheritance
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra ngadarra
Mudburra ngadarra inheritance?
Ngamini wananda unique
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma wantharni inheritance
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta [missing] missing
Nyangumarta wayirti unique
Paakantyi [missing] missing
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta withila unique
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu X missing
Walmajarri nyapartukarra inheritance
Wangkayutyuru thilapada unique
Wubuy X missing
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha ilayarndu, yarndu, minhanyadi, unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru dyalanyurdany jalanyurdany unique
Achagua úhni:…-kaa, léhta úhni:…-kaa, léhta unique See Language page
Piapoco càiná, cawiná, jài kàiná, kawiná, hài See Language page
Yavitero jlána hlána See Language page
Wapishana naʔapam naʔapam unique See Language page
Wayuu hamɨ-sɨ See Language page
Paresi aliyakere aliyakere unique See Language page
Trinitario hele-am-nuk See Language page
Waurá ka-ic̷e-pei ka-i¢e-pei unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'neh-'t-aa; 'na-ih-tu; 'naaʔ-'ih-tu Also 'naa 'i-tu. See Language page
Bora mïʔtï mɯʔtɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane mɨdʒɨ mɨdʒɨ See Language page
Apalai otãto otãto unique See Language page
Wayana ta ta unique See Language page
Tiriyó eeke eeke inheritance See Language page
Makiritare ākene (IDS) ākene (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo tonwari tonwari See Language page
Wai Wai ahče wa ahče wa unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari ire' ireʔ See Language page
Yukpa maisi, ot, otask, otaska, otatka, otasere, otna, otnái See Language page
Muisca ia hacobe ia hakoβe See Language page
Barí aangka Colombia: ʔəəbəʔ (?). See Language page
Northern Emberá zãoá zãoá See Language page
Epena 'sãga See Language page
Guayabero ma-, maáʧ inheritance See Language page
Macaguan banekía inheritance See Language page
Cuiva éta bíʧi como, how Huber & Reed 1992:302
Playero dahaʧíwa (wanaʧia, ínʧhabai) See Language page
Cofán ma'caen maʔkãɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra tamáapari tamáapaɾi unique See Language page
Taushiro entehan ɨndɨhan See Language page
Páez máuño mauɲo See Language page
Tikuna ñuxacü [3-5, 5, 5] ɲuʔakɨ unique See Language page
Urarina dʒatoaneĩ tʃatoaneĩ unique See Language page
Camsa ntɕámo ntɕámo See Language page
Pumé yʊta da-rĩ See Language page
Puinave bə-he bə-he unique See Language page
Ashuar itúr, itiúr itur, itiur See Language page
Huambisa itursampa itursampa See Language page
Aguaruna wajúk waxuk unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect nɨ:h da: inheritance See Language page
Matses midapad, mitsipad midapad, mitsipad unknown See Language page
Katukina hɨ̃kɨs a-šõ-ra There are other expressions for this concept. See Language page
Pacahuara haiʔt-'ee-ta Lit. 'what(WH-marker)-do-cont.'. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo maɲi̯ See Language page
Yaminahua yʊta da-rĩ See Language page
Chácobo hɨ-nawa hɨ-nawa unknown See Language page
Yagua nuy- (interr. Pref.); nutyajirya; nutyara nu:j; nu:tjaxirja; nu:tjara unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua imashna imaʃna See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua imasna imasna See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano imayna imayna See Language page
Piaroa hua'u kO'ra'nɨh huaɁu kɤɁraɁnɨh unique See Language page
Sáliva ñehẽ, umehexa ɲeʔẽ, umeʔexa unique See Language page
Bará de'ero See Language page
Barasano dõ bahi-ro dõ bahi-ro See Language page
Carapana 'dópe 'dópe See Language page
Makuna dõ bahi-ro dõ bahi-ro inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'dáiro 'dáiro See Language page
Waikhana dɨʔ'se dɨʔ'se See Language page
Siriano dãʔ'ã-sũ dãʔ'ã-sũ See Language page
Tanimuca bãrãkãʔ'ã bãrãkãʔ'ã unique See Language page
Tatuyo dópe baí-ro dópe baí-ro See Language page
Tuyuka de'éro de'éro See Language page
Waimaja dõõ ('bíiro), 'jẽ́ẽ́ dõõ ('bíiro), 'jẽ́ẽ́ See Language page
Koreguaje ũcuaʉache ũkuaʉakhe inheritance See Language page
Siona queaca keaka inheritance See Language page
Secoya me me See Language page
Karitiana tikat tikat unknown See Language page
Kokama mañatipa maɲatipa inheritance See Language page
Wayampi manɨwɔ manɨwɔ inheritance See Language page
Aché bue rõ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano kerẽi-pa unique See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ᵐba'ʔeiča See Language page
Sirionó kʷaha; kʷa ni da kʷaha; kʷa ni da unique See Language page
Kamayurá mawite mawite inheritance See Language page
Ocaina dsoh; dsohfuurá dzoʔ; dzoʔɸɯɯrá unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto naitó naitó See Language page
Minica Witoto nḯ.eθe, nedi nɯ́.ɛθɛ, nɛdi See Language page
Murui Witoto nɨese, nɨe nɯɛθɛ, nɯɛ (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito jɨ'ɨtarata hɨ'ɨtarata unique See Language page
Záparo tiya tija See Language page
Araona kʷipa, kʷipac̷io, hada See Language page
Ese Ejja yaxa; ačaxa unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ača-kwa ača-kwa See Language page
Tacana 'ʔ-ee-t-ek Lit. '3p actor-do-direct-obj.'. See Language page
Cavineña a(ʔ)i a(ʔ)i unique See Language page
Central Aymara kumasa See Language page
Itonama i-toʔko See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'hoiɲka Cf. 'why?' 17.690. See Language page
Movima han-win̉ han-win̉ See Language page
Trumai hele-am-nuk hele-am-nuk unique See Language page
Kaingang ri ri; hɛ̃ri ke See Language page
Suyá nuká nuká See Language page
Djeoromitxi hatxinĩ hatʃinĩ See Language page
Chipaya xaknuš See Language page
Mocoví negeʔ Expression, that says 'How? Impossible!' (=it can't be!) is woseʔ-ket. See Language page
Pilagá ikai aktaha See Language page
Toba ooyo See Language page
Lengua hathko See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité koho; ko ɬaʔa; ɬaʔ akteema; ɬaʔa mˀaa ye See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet hawɨ-kɨska See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay eeʔ e'wuye See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja napa See Language page
Maca pan ɬunyex ɬunyex means 'equal, alike'. See Language page
Nivaclé ta ɬ-xunaš; eʔana how? https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo iiso'kaarike See 17.490. See Language page
Mapudungun čumweči Ranquel form is čum; čumeči ~ čumŋeči. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳwa Also means 'what?' See Language page
Tehuelche 'kenkˀ See Language page
Lokono alika alika how Pet 1987:360
Kariña fa fa how Yamada 2010:735