Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

2pl

Semantic Field: grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: ustedes
Meaning Portuguese: vocês

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	ijá	ijá		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		pẽ-ǰe		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	átum	átum		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	amɤrɤʔnɔkoŋ	amɤrɤʔnɔkoŋ					See Language page
Andoke	kə̃ə	kə̃ə		unique			See Language page
Apalai	amarokomo	amarokomo		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	[missing]			missing
Araona		mikana; mikana-ha				Dual form is mec̷eda; mec̷eada. Tacn form is mi-kana.	See Language page
Ashuar	atúm	atum					See Language page
Ayoreo		'uakeʔ; uak					See Language page
Baniwa	hía	hía		inheritance			See Language page
Barasano	~bɨa	~bɨa					See Language page
Bardi	ar-, ara-	ar-, ara-		inheritance
Bará		bɨ̃́hã					See Language page
Barí		bidyi					See Language page
Baure	yi-'ti	ji-'ti		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	ynnyn (sg), myhwyh (dl), mymmyn (pl)			inheritance
Bora	ámïḯʔ-a {pl}, ámïʔ-tsʰi {m.d.}, ámïʔ-pʰɨ {f.d.}	ámɯɯ́ʔ-a {pl}, ámɯʔ-tsʰi {m.d.}, ámɯʔ-pʰɨ {f.d.}		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	[missing]			missing
Cahuilla	et			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	tɕɨngabtánga	tɕɨngabtánga					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	siya	sija		unique			See Language page
Carapana	mʉjãã	mɨyãã					See Language page
Carijona	aɲamoro			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	mi-kʷana; mi-kʷana-ra (The former is the absolutive form, the latter is the ergative form)	mi-kʷana; mi-kʷana-ra		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		pir- ~ ipir- ~ pri-				Suffix -pere, for poss. and object, 'your, you'.	See Language page
Central Aymara		xumamaka					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	miko\7			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ɲu-lʸa				Possessive: 'your' is 'ɲu-'lʸaʔ-; 'yours' is 'ɲu-i-či.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	mym(i)/ (pl)			inheritance
Chipaya		anč̣ʰuk				'Yours' is anč̣ukalta.	See Language page
Chiriguano		peⁿde; pee		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		am-el					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	p-ij- (pl; du is p-ish-); p-ij-ky (indep)			inheritance			Ono 1996:21
Chumash Cruzeno	pishche (2), piche (pl)			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	p-, p-ish- dual, p-ij- plural A 166						A 166
Chumash Obispeno	pikshy7 (pl)			inheritance
Chumash Ventureno	pi7			inheritance
Chácobo	ka-	ka-		unknown			See Language page
Cocopa	see “thou”			inheritance
Cofán	que'i	kʸɛʔi				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	yny (sg), myhy, mykwy (dl), myny (pl)			inheritance
Cubeo	mʉja	mɨxa		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		pa-xám	ustedes, you (plural)				Huber & Reed 1992:206
Cupeño	em	[Ɂəm]		inheritance
Desano	mʉa	mɨa		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	nyeli			inheritance
Dhuwal	nhuma			semantic shift
Dhuwala	nhuma			semantic shift
Diyari	yura			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	nhuma			semantic shift
Djapu	nhuma			semantic shift
Djinang	ildji			inheritance
Dâw	nʉg	nɨg		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		'pãra; 'pãči				Respectively: unmarked; marked.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		mikiana; mekeanaya		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	mi-kiana; mi-kiana-ya	mi-kiana; mi-kiana-ya					See Language page
Esselen	nomeT “You pl.)			unknown			Shaul 1995:197, 209
Eñepa	aɲimonton	aɲimonton		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	7omoma (pl)-			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	genyegerr			inheritance
Gooniyandi	gidi
Guayabero		xámal		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	nhuma			semantic shift
Gurindji	nyurrulu			inheritance
Hodï	kyeti			doubtful loan	Cofan kʸɛʔi		See Language page
Huambisa	atum	atum					See Language page
Hup	nɨ́ŋ	~dɨ́g		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		'e-ti; 'etiana					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	menyawaap	[məɲaˈwaˑp]		inheritance
Iquito	quina-, quináaja (stand-alone pronominal form)	kina-, kináaha (stand-alone pronominal form)		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		dihniʔtʸe					See Language page
Jaru	nyurra			inheritance
Jawi	kurr	kurr		inheritance
Kaingang	ãjag	ʔãyaŋ					See Language page
Kakataibo		mic̷o				Panoan m[ato]; *mi.	See Language page
Kakua		jěbm		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	pehê	pehê		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	-nyurra			inheritance
Kariña	amyjaron	amɨjaron	2pl				Courtz 2007:52
Katukina		mato; matõ; mã					See Language page
Kawaiisu	mumi			inheritance
Kija	nengkerrepen			inheritance
Kokama	epe	epe		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	mʉsanʉko	mʉsanʉko		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	~bʉsa	mʉ̃sã		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	xyitsɛ	xyitsɛ					See Language page
Lake Miwok	mi/kko (plural)			inheritance
Lengua		kyelɬiŋkyi-p				Masc. form; feminine form is kyelɬiŋkyi.	See Language page
Lokono	hi	hi	2nd PL.				Pet 1987:23
Luiseño	7om-o/m (?)			inheritance
Maca		ekhewel-iɬ					See Language page
Maidu	mi/; mi/ncy “you all”, mi/nc'e “you two”			inheritance
Maihiki	mɨsa	mɨsa		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	ənwanno (IDS); önwanno (KH)	ənwanno		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~bɨa	~bɨa		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	á-mɨ-rɨ́-nɨ-kóŋ	á-mɨ-rɨ́-nɨ-kóŋ		inheritance	N Amaz subgroup		See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mangala	nyurra			inheritance
Mapoyo	ankotomo	ankotomo					See Language page
Mapudungun		eymɨn				'You (dual)' is eymu. Same forms in Ranquel.	See Language page
Matses	mi, mibi	mi, mibi		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	ómoï {pl}, ómï-koï {m.d.}, ómï-ŋo {f.d.}	ómoɯ {pl}, ómɯ-koɯ {m.d.}, ómɯ-ŋo {f.d.}					See Language page
Miriwung	nenggurr			inheritance
Mithaka	yura			inheritance
Mocoví		ḳamiri; ḳamii					See Language page
Mojave	manych, many			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		mi'ʔin					See Language page
Movima	i-ɓi	i-ɓi					See Language page
Mudburra	[missing]			missing
Mudburra	nyuntu tartu			semantic shift
Muinane	amɨ́ɨ́-ʔai {pl}, amɨ́ɨ́-si {m.d.}, amɨ́ɨ́-ɸe {f.d.}	amɨ́ɨ́-ʔai {pl}, amɨ́ɨ́-si {m.d.}, amɨ́ɨ́-ɸɛ {f.d.}					See Language page
Muisca	mie	mie					See Language page
Murui Witoto	omoï {pl}, omï-ko {m.d.}, omï-ñoï {f.d.}	omoɯ {pl}, omɯ-ko {m.d.}, omɯ-ɲoɯ {f.d.}		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	makam			inheritance			O77:159, 165
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		bǝːh, da-		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	canguna	kanguna					See Language page
Ngamini	yuRu			inheritance
Ngarluma	nyindaguru			semantic shift
Ngumbarl	koorrgarda, yinnara	<koorrgarda, yinnara>		inheritance
Nheengatu	peyẽ	pejẽ		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	yurra			inheritance
Nimanburru	gor	kor		inheritance
Ninam	kahowamak; wamak, kaho wehekə (dual, Em72), kaho wamakə (pl. EM72)	kahowamak; wamak, kaho wehekə, kaho wamakə		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	mimik'e			inheritance
Nivaclé		a-'waača-eɬ	you (plural)				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	bʉ́	bʉ́					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	[missing]			missing
Northern Nyangumarta	wirrmanangulu			inheritance
Northern Paiute	ymy (pl)			inheritance			SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok	miko-			inheritance
Nukak		jɛɛbm2		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	nyurra			inheritance
Nyikina	kurrka	kurrka		inheritance
Nyulnyul	kore	korre		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	ómaï {pl}, ómaï-ko {m.d.}	ómaɯ {pl}, ómaɯ-ko {m.d.}					See Language page
Ocaina	mon(hto)[pl], monxho (m.dual.),monhca (f.dual.)	mõ(ʔto)[pl], mõxʔo (m.dual.),mõʔka (f.dual.)		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	yubalugu			loan	English
Paraguayan Guaraní		peẽ					See Language page
Paresi	xiso	ʃitso		inheritance?			See Language page
Pemon	amörönokon (M2000)			inheritance	N Amaz subgroup		See Language page
Piapoco	píacué	píakué					See Language page
Piaroa	ukutu	ukutu		inheritance			See Language page
Pilagá		ʔami					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	nhura			inheritance
Playero		pa-xámɨ					See Language page
Puinave	yam	jam		unique			See Language page
Pumé	mẽnẽrõ						See Language page
Páez	incuexs	inkueʃ					See Language page
Qawasqar		c̷aw				Bo records kwoy-kyekal for Central QWS. SpS records okakɬ for South QWS.	See Language page
Resígaro	ha?á, i- (imperative)	haʔá, i- (impeɾative)		inheritance			See Language page
Rirratjingu	[missing]			missing
Ritharrngu	nhuma			semantic shift
Salinan A	mo:m (A), you pl.			unknown
Salinan M	mom			unknown			Mason 1918:32
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		ɬinkap; ɬinka					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		kellheyaʔ; kellheep					See Language page
Sanumá	kaomak (plural EM72)	kaomak (plural EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	mësaru	mɨsa'řu					See Language page
Selknam		m-ah-y					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ma- (plural subject)			unknown
Serrano	i:m			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		mato					See Language page
Sikuani		pa-xámɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	mɨ̃ʔɨ̃-sa-koʔa; mɨ̃sakʷa	mɨ̃ʔɨ̃-sa-koʔa; mɨ̃sakʷa		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	mʉʉsá	mɨɨsá					See Language page
Sirionó	hẽ	hẽ		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	mym:i- you plur; -ngwy (encl)			inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok	mi-ko (plur)			inheritance
Southern Ute	ymY (sg), mynI (dl, pl)			inheritance
Sáliva	ũcuhdo	ũkuʔdo		inheritance			See Language page
Tacana		mikʷaneda					See Language page
Tanimuca	bĩhã	bĩhã		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	iha	iha		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	bɨ̃-'hã	bɨ̃-'hã					See Language page
Taushiro	inte	intɨ					See Language page
Tehuelche		mk; mš				Respectively: dual and plural forms.	See Language page
Tikuna	pemax [3, 4]	pemaʔ		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ëmënjamo	ǝmǝnjamo		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		ḳamiʔ; ḳami					See Language page
Trinitario		(zero); ʔʸ-				The latter occurs before back vowels. Pronoun is eti.	See Language page
Trumai	hi-uan	hi-uan		unique			See Language page
Tukano	mʉsã́	mɨsã́		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	'bɨ̃ã	ʔbɨ̃ã					See Language page
Tübatulabal	pum, puumu (subj plur)			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	ymmi			inheritance
Urarina	ɲaaɾa	ɲa:ɽa		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	amyamro	amyamro		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	bɨ-'sã	bɨ-'sã					See Language page
Waimaja	bɨ̃́hã	bɨ̃́hã					See Language page
Walmajarri	nyurrawarnti			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	[missing]			missing
Waorani	bĩ-di-tõ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	ɨnau	ɨnau		inheritance	Proto North Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	mi/si			inheritance
Warao	yatu, -ya	yatu, -ya					See Language page
Wari	wahuʔ	wahuʔ				Emphatic pronoun.	See Language page
Warrwa	n	kurra		inheritance
Washo	mi/:			unknown			J?
Waurá	yi-c̷u	ji-¢u		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	pɛ-; pɛyɛ	pɛ-; pɛjɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ëmëlam kom	ǝmǝlam kom		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		hi-a				Also hi-a-ir̃ua; pi-a-ir̃ua.	See Language page
Western Mono	yy/qwa (you pl.)			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		am-iɬ					See Language page
Wintu	mil			inheritance
Yabarana		mɨka					See Language page
Yagua	jirye	xirje		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		mã; mato				Respectively: ergative; absolutive.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	nyili			inheritance
Yandruwandha	yura			inheritance
Yanomam	kafɨ wafɨk (dual EM72), kafɨ wamakə (pl. EM72)	kafɨ wafɨk (dual EM72), kafɨ wamakə (pl. EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	wa-makɨ, kahə wahəkɨ (dual EM72), kahə wamakɨ (pl. EM72)	wa-makɨ, kahə wahəkɨ (dual EM72), kahə wamakɨ (pl. EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	yurra			inheritance
Yavapai	ma/chvchi			inheritance
Yavitero	niya-ha	nija-ha					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	yurra			inheritance
Yawuru	kurryirr	kurryirr		inheritance
Yine		hitʸa; hi-				Piro-Apuriná form is 'hĩtia; *hĩ-.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	ma7an (2Pl; there is a dual)			inheritance			JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi	mam 270			inheritance			K07:261,270
Yuhup	dɨ̌̃g	~dɨ̌g					See Language page
Yuki	mo7os, mos			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	amora	a'mots̺a					See Language page
Yukuna	iká	iká		inheritance			See Language page
Yuruti	bɨ̃́hã	bɨ̃́hã					See Language page
Záparo	kinya, kinyaha	kinja, kinjaha					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jawi
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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