Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

fog

Semantic Field
environment
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
niebla, neblina
Meaning Portuguese
nevoeira, bruma, neblina

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim pah-soo'-mit 207 unique
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pakyna-ppyh “cloud, fog inheritance
Cahuilla haway-sh inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok hynge/- inheritance
Chumash Barbareno iqc'i7 “be foggy” inheritance Mithun 1997:226
Chumash Cruzeno 7ushkum unknown JPH
Chumash Obispeno chpiwi “la neblina” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno 7ulkum, 7ushku'm, 7usku'm loan JPH
Cocopa Sa inheritance
Comanche paky7nyapy inheritance
Cupeño kwitaxi-sh [kʷitaxɪʃ] inheritance
Esselen shannax unknown Pinart (Heizer)
Gabrielino koo-teet/ inheritance CHM/MC250
Iipay 'Aa haamaa [xaˑˈmaˑ] inheritance
Kawaiisu kyna-vi inheritance
Kiliwa yuw=hi7 unknown Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk pakit, papamash inheritance
Luiseño mes-ma-l inheritance
Maidu t'i/wkiti unknown
Mojave muhoy unknown
Mutsun me:chikniSY “fog, mist” unknown O77:140
Nisenan ja:bo: inheritance
Northern Paiute pakymapa inheritance Nichols 1974:181
Northern Sierra Miwok hunge- inheritance
Plains Miwok hune- inheritance
Salinan A ts'opo/ (A), “fog, frost” unknown
Salinan M sa/pa 'fog, frost' unknown Mason 1918:133
Seri (Comcaac) xeele unknown
Serrano paki:-t inheritance
Southern Paiute pagin:a-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hungeH- inheritance
Southern Ute pagynag'aryrY inheritance
Tübatulabal paashuumishit unique
Tümpisa Shoshone wykkyynappyh inheritance
Wappo pho/hi loan
Washo wámaladɨp' unknown Washo Project
Western Mono pagy/na/pE inheritance
Wintu Xos inheritance
Yavapai muthe/ , mutha_“fog, damp” inheritance
Yokuts Yawdanchi tceheng unknown K07:243
Yokuts Yowlumne gumun unknown N1944;p. 219
Yuki k'o: na,:T unknown S&S 1984
Yuma 7asa/ H3:211 inheritance
Baniwa ittamána it̪amána inheritance See Language page
Carijona kamereito inheritance See Language page
Cubeo abobico abobiko inheritance See Language page
Dâw bʉg uù bɨg ʔû unique See Language page
Desano imica buiro (imica means 'smoke') imika buiɾo inheritance See Language page
Eñepa kanoʔ ičik (IDS) kanoʔ itʃik (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï bĩʰtu unique See Language page
Waorani bogĩbã unique See Language page
Hup j’ɨ̌k ɟ’ɨ̌k inheritance See Language page
Kakua ʧǎwʔ, hej3 [H&R] inheritance See Language page
Ninam mãa wakisi (EM72) mãa wakisi unique See Language page
Nukak hei2 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki bico ja biko xã inheritance See Language page
Pemon katuru non porom, katuru aicharuru (A1981); katu'ruk nonporon (M2000) katuɾu non poɾom, katuɾu aitʃaɾuɾu (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Resígaro iítshú iítsʰú unknown See Language page
Sanumá ilaši (EM72) ilaʃi inheritance See Language page
Sikuani nohó-bo inheritance See Language page
Tukano õʔbẽ́ õʔbẽ́ missing See Language page
Kotiria buiriro (Waltz) buiɾiɾo (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam irowasi iɾowasi inheritance See Language page
Yuhup c'ɨ̌k c'ɨ̌k inheritance See Language page
Arabana tataru unique
Bardi goorrbil kurrbil unique
Bunuba manybu unknown
Burarra -jola unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal [missing] missing
Dhuwala [missing] missing
Diyari kunmi inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing
Djapu [missing] missing
Djinang giṉimbi unknown
Gajirrabeng yandalng unique
Gooniyandi [missing] missing
Gupapuyngu [missing] missing
Gurindji kaparru loan Unknown
Jaru buyu loan
Karajarri 4747 inheritance
Kija ? unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala winywiny inheritance
Miriwung boondany unique
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra [missing] missing
Mudburra [missing] missing
Ngamini kunmi inheritance
Ngandi X unique
Ngarluma gubilya
Ngumbarl weedoo lammamun <weedoo lammamun> unique
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru lanon lanon inheritance
Northern Mangarla japurr
Northern Nyangumarta japurr inheritance
Nyangumarta japurr inheritance
Nyikina jaboorr jaburr inheritance
Nyulnyul lanen lanen inheritance
Paakantyi ŋaninja unique
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta kutukutu unique
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu gardany unique
Walmajarri puyurtuyutu loan
Wangkayutyuru malthi, malthimalthi unique
Wubuy wuuji unique
Yan-nhangu wakuluŋguḻ unknown
Yandruwandha njurlunjurlu loan direction unknown
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka tataru loan Arabana
Yawuru djabor jabor inheritance
Achagua samána samána See Language page
Piapoco samàna samàna See Language page
Wapishana amaẓaˀda šan amaẓaˀda šan inheritance Proto North Arawak See Language page
Wayuu ľuuwana See Language page
Yine kyačhapererɨmko Also yačhapere. See Language page
Ignaciano iyaru See Language page
Trinitario ʔyoru 'Misty' is -woohiko. See Language page
Baure top top See Language page
Waurá amiyã-mi'yã amijã-mi'jã See Language page
Cha'palaa 'waa-ɲi-'wihča See 'cloud' 01.730. See Language page
Bora oxtsʰó-tḯ oxtsʰó-tɯ́ See Language page
Muinane áimúu-ɸai(ʔu) (cloud liquid/gas), súɨ áimúu-ɸai(ʔu) (cloud liquid/gas), súɨ See Language page
Apalai putokane putokane See Language page
Wayana mutom mutom See Language page
Tiriyó tereine (foggy) tereine See Language page
Mapoyo ye'inë je'inɛ See Language page
Wai Wai kaweresɨ kaweresɨ See Language page
Yukpa kamurpe, kamúrope, virasku See Language page
Muisca faoa paoa See Language page
Barí boraaba See Language page
Northern Emberá hɨ̃ʉ̃rará, hɨ̃rãrã́ hɨ̃ʉ̃rará, hɨ̃rãrã́ See Language page
Epena hɨ̃a'rara tʰa'waa Lit. 'clouds foggy/thin'. See Language page
Guayabero nasɨxan unique See Language page
Macaguan nóp (In Huber and Reed, after this word they had a question mark) inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page
Cuiva nóbo neblina, fog Huber & Reed 1992:309
Playero nohó-bo See Language page
Cofán ccuttopa'si khɯthopaʔsi phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra msaasi msaasi See Language page
Páez tãapj tãapx See Language page
Tikuna che3re2na5 (A58) ʃerena See Language page
Urarina sïḍzaa sʉtʃaa See Language page
Camsa xantɕetɨ-ʃe xantɕetɨ-ʃe See Language page
Pumé jurukjó See Language page
Puinave ebu-ai ebu-ai See Language page
Ashuar yurángkim juraŋkim See Language page
Aguaruna yuhagkim uc̷anhau juhagkim utsanhau See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ɉɨ:g inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ɉɨ:g See Language page
Matses cuen, pushudquid, senadën cuëte kuen, puʃudkid, senadɨn kuɨte See Language page
Kakataibo kʷe'ẽkoro; nɨtɨ koro ke'ẽkuru (dial.), kʷ'ĩkuru (dial.). *Panoan *koro. See Language page
Katukina hičiniβi See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo wišnĩ See Language page
Yaminahua čaka pakɨi [čaʔa paʔɨi] Lit. 'bad is falling'. See Language page
Chácobo koro koro See Language page
Yagua ajeravurya axerawũrja See Language page
Ingá shachima ʃatʃima See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua puyu puju See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano phuyu, wapsi (CP94) phuju, wapsi See Language page
Piaroa ohku i'ko'phah ohku iɁkoɁphah See Language page
Sáliva eñuxoh eɲuxoʔ See Language page
Bará bue-ri See Language page
Barasano bue-ri bue-ri See Language page
Carapana 'óko buse-'rí 'óko buse-'rí See Language page
Makuna wahɨ bue-ri wahɨ bue-ri See Language page
Yuruti jõkõãɨsekoa jõkõãɨsekoa See Language page
Waikhana bu'eri bu'eri See Language page
Siriano bĩʔ'kã́ bĩʔ'kã́ See Language page
Tanimuca rã'bãsi-ka rã'bãsi-ka See Language page
Tatuyo óko a 'hɛɾi óko a 'hɛɾi See Language page
Tuyuka õ'bẽ õ'bẽ See Language page
Waimaja bã'kã bu'é-ri bã'kã bu'é-ri See Language page
Koreguaje oko jumupʉ oko xumupʉ See Language page
Siona pi'ko pi'ko See Language page
Secoya pico pi'kɔ See Language page
Kokama tsahue (foggy; also used figuratively for "not clear") tsawe See Language page
Wayampi atãsĩ atãsĩ See Language page
Aché tãčĩ See Language page
Chiriguano ɨwɨ̃-ti See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní t-ata-tina; araipɨtu Cf. proto form in 'smoke' 01.830. See Language page
Sirionó si̯mo si̯mo See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto úidʒï.e úidʒɯ.ɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto úidʒï.e, ródʒI, roθi úidʒɯ.ɛ, ródʒI, roθi See Language page
Murui Witoto uidʒ.e, hïdʒeru.e uidʒ.ɛ, hɯdʒeru.ɛ See Language page
Iquito anajáca (smoke, mist, cloud) anaháka (smoke, mist, cloud) See Language page
Wari murukukuʔ murukukuʔ See Language page
Araona baepa mozizi Also boso; mozizi bade. See Language page
Ese Ejja wohaɓo See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo wo-habo (Girard 1971) wo-habo See Language page
Cavineña apo-apo; sise-wani (apo-apo also means "darkness"; the "wani" in "sise-wani" means "smoke") apo-apo; sise-wani See Language page
Central Aymara urpu urpu See Language page
Cayuvava rao'mõroe; ritidaɨ See Language page
Itonama wakutʸa See Language page
Kwazá exyilo, hanãwãnũ, hinũnũ exyilo, hanãwãnũ, hinũnũ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané yikbaba-'dʸeʔ See Language page
Movima βu-ɓuh-ni βu-ɓuh-ni See Language page
Trumai soxden len soxden len See Language page
Kaingang krũj krũy See Language page
Canela #NAME? *Jê form is *mɛc̷. Maxacalí form is -mac̷. See Language page
Karajá nonoe See Language page
Djeoromitxi pitxenõ pitʃenõ See Language page
Mocoví neweʔ See Language page
Pilagá siʔwi See Language page
Toba šiwe See Language page
Lengua tiyam etin etin is 'smoke' 01.830. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité timitiŋ See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet teeyamˀ-eeten See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tec̷e-'tah Lit. 'smoke (01.830)-augmentative'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja toxsa-ta; inyexkay Respectively: foggy; cloudy. toxsa means 'smoke' 01.830. See Language page
Maca xunkhay (m.) Homophonous with 'gato montés'. See Language page
Nivaclé šnakxay fog Arribeños dialect has snakxay. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo hee'si See Language page
Mapudungun ṭ͡ʀukur Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar ayxer Also kyeplas; alaxar. Sk records c̷etas for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam pàhl ʔay See Language page
Tehuelche 'aʔhoʔen See Language page
Kariña kamerita kamerita fog Courtz 2007:289