Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

stab/pierce

Semantic Field
impact
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
apuñalar, acuchillar
Meaning Portuguese
apunhalar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone -cakkwih "stab, pierce" unknown
Cahuilla -qachin- unique S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok hy/l:a- inheritance
Chemehuevi topo/siki-nky inheritance
Chumash Barbareno niloq “pierce” (shell center in making beads) inheritance Wash 2001:461
Chumash Ineseno shalpan unknown A 526
Chumash Obispeno lo (milo “I spear or prick”) inheritance JPH
Chumash Ventureno uqwash unknown JPH
Cocopa 7u:sha/ inheritance
Comanche tonary inheritance
Cupeño tax-in [taxin] inheritance
Iipay 'Aa uushaa [uˑ˅ˈşaˑ] inheritance
Kawaiisu tono- inheritance
Kiliwa p+sa7, s-x+khwap inheritance
Kitanemuk cyk inheritance
Lake Miwok kHo/c'a loan
Luiseño pora~i- loan
Maidu sypo/lno “thrust something into something” inheritance
Mojave uusa= inheritance
Mutsun rippa “to jab, stab” unknown O77:306
Nisenan jyj unknown
Northern Paiute -posa inheritance Thornes 03:325
Northern Sierra Miwok hyl:a- inheritance
Salinan A (p)T'e/kax (A), (pe)T'a/kba:/k “break off, saw off, stab, shoot” unknown
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) eenim co|cni/p unknown
Serrano cikY:n inheritance
Southern Paiute ton:a-S, ton7na- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok hyl:a- inheritance
Southern Ute wiito”na inheritance
Tübatulabal shopshoop-at “be pierced” unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone tonna” inheritance
Wappo 7o-t'ap-mi7 unknown E1993
Washo gewpu/puyi unknown J111
Western Mono tona- “stick w/ sharp object” inheritance
Wintu lyucu loan into protolanguage
Yavapai vqa_mi, vqa/mi unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi xatc “stab” unknown K07:254
Yokuts Yowlumne pok'wiyi “to pierce through” unknown N1944
Yuki sut'- unknown S&S 1984
Baniwa ttólhoa t̪ólhoa unknown See Language page
Carijona toreka (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo pẽvañʉ; pẽvavañʉ; totayʉ pẽvajɨ; pẽvavajɨ; totajɨ unique See Language page
Dâw soóx ʃɔ̌x inheritance See Language page
Desano jõ'sẽ- jõ'sẽ- inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -uwə- (IDS) -uwə- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï to-ʰkʷe unique See Language page
Waorani yaẽbẽ ko unique See Language page
Hup yok-, cĩy' jok-, ~cij' inheritance; unknown See Language page
Kakua tah inheritance See Language page
Makushi yasoʔka (IDS) yasoʔka (IDS) unknown See Language page
Nukak tah4 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki quiudɨ baiyi kiudɨ baiji unknown See Language page
Sikuani ká-ixɨna (sing.) káɨxɨka (plur.), 'con aguja o palo' ('with a needle or stick'); kakúata 'con cuchillo o aguijón' ('with a knife or a sting'); varios verbos que terminan en -ba:kuata (several verbs ending in -ba:kuata) unique See Language page
Tukano pĩʔô pĩʔô unknown See Language page
Kotiria phu'a; si'o pʰuʔ'a; siʔo inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomami tiwëhaɨ, tiwëhëaɨ tiwəhaɨ, tiwəhəaɨ unknown See Language page
Yuhup cɔh cɔh inheritance See Language page
Arabana [missing] missing
Bardi goorrgoorr kurrkurr unique
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra [missing] missing
Dhangu barrtjun inheritance
Dhuwal barrtjun
Dhuwala dhämalkuma unknown
Diyari daka unique
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu barrtyun
Djapu barrtjun unknown
Djinang rani inheritance
Gajirrabeng loorrg unique NJ
Gooniyandi nyag-
Gupapuyngu dhämalkuma unknown
Gurindji turrp pu- loan Miriwung
Jabirr-Jabirr m-aran m-arran inheritance
Jaru jud bu- unique
Karajarri [missing] missing
Kija ngapurt (v) unique
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala [missing] missing
Miriwung loorrg unique NJ
Mithaka [missing] missing
Mudburra [missing] missing
Mudburra durrb la- loan
Ngamini [missing] missing
Ngarluma garda-ga(-lgu)
Ngumbarl yingarrin mungoorl goon, jarrbangoojarra <yingarrin mungoorl goon, jarrbangoojarra> inheritance
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Northern Mangarla yirnpu
Northern Nyangumarta [missing] missing
Nyangumarta [missing] missing
Nyikina jirrb jirrb inheritance
Nyulnyul m-aran m-arran inheritance
Paakantyi panta-
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta kanangka unique
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu barrtjun inheritance
Walmajarri la- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru ngampapurra- unique
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha draka unique
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka [missing] missing
Yawuru m-aran m-arran inheritance
Piapoco sutàaca sutàaka See Language page
Yavitero maľ̥ika maľ̥ika See Language page
Wapishana dakʰatʰa-n dakʰatʰa-n unknown See Language page
Wayuu asoto See Language page
Ignaciano -'ečatikureka See Language page
Waurá c̷akɨ-ka; c̷akɨ-ka ¢akɨ-ka; ¢akɨ-ka unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'Φa'taa-'pu-nu An injection is 'pu'yeta; 'pu-ya; 'tuʔ-'pu-nu. See Language page
Bora kʰápʰátʰʸïḯkʰï-nï (sprout), kʷáʔexḯro kʰápʰátʰʲɯɯ́kʰɯ-nɯ (sprout), kʷáʔɛxɯ́ro inheritance See Language page
Muinane káɸáttʸɨ́kkɨ-ʔi (punch) káɸáttʲɨ́kkɨ-ʔi (punch) See Language page
Tiriyó konka konka inheritance See Language page
Wai Wai ∅-Φaraška-∅ ∅-Φaraška-∅ inheritance See Language page
Yabarana ehne ʝɜsta'kaɾi (agujerear, I poke, prick, pierce, make a hole) See Language page
Yukpa sutipo See Language page
Northern Emberá kõŋkuái kõŋkuái See Language page
Epena su-; awa- Respectively: 'stab; pierce'. See Language page
Guayabero xɨ́ala (con espina - with thorn, xɨaˀla (sing.), xɨaˀɨat (plur.), con cuchillo (with a knife), xadón (sing.) con aguja (with a needle) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan isnúpet unique See Language page
Cuiva hórana, xɨxɨ́na punzar, pierce Huber & Reed 1992:354
Playero hatabakúta See Language page
Páez yãaja- jãaxa- See Language page
Urarina huku huku unique See Language page
Camsa xangɨsɨtxuána xangɨsɨtxuána See Language page
Andoke '-hɒ́ʌá '-hɒ́ʌá unique See Language page
Pumé idɛ-gua See Language page
Puinave [-ok] ok unique See Language page
Ashuar kuchíijai ijutin kutʃi:xai: xutin See Language page
Aguaruna nawahai 'ihut nawahai 'ihut unknown See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃa-ʃɔk, ʃa-ʃɔg, jo:k inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo čači- *Panoan *čaʔči- with meanings 'to pierce, give an injection'. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌aṣ̌i- See Language page
Yaminahua čači-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo c̷aka- c̷aka- doubtful loan Tacanan See Language page
Yagua chityiy tʃitjij doubtful loan Panoan See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kuchilliyay (Spanish loan) kutʃiʎiyaj See Language page
Bará 'túupua See Language page
Barasano hu-, sare- hu-, sare- See Language page
Carapana tu'ápuá- tu'ápuá- See Language page
Makuna hio- hio- inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'túapa- 'túapa- See Language page
Waikhana jõ'sẽ- jõ'sẽ- See Language page
Siriano saʔ're- saʔ're- See Language page
Tanimuca sãke-ri-ka sãke-ri-ka unknown See Language page
Tatuyo 'túa-puá- 'túa-puá- See Language page
Tuyuka 'túapa 'túapa See Language page
Waimaja túu pua(-), ha'dé(-) túu pua(-), ha'dé(-) See Language page
Koreguaje hua-, 'thotha hua-, 'thotha inheritance See Language page
Siona hua-hi hua-hi inheritance See Language page
Secoya pɨʔ'a-je pɨʔ'a-je See Language page
Wayampi -mɔ-mu; -pupu -mɔ-mu; -pupu unknown See Language page
Aché broʔo unknown See Language page
Chiriguano kutu inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní kutu See Language page
Ocaina ɸaaʔ, haara, ttʲõõʔɸo ɸaaʔ, haara, ttʲõõʔɸo unknown See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto dʒu-dá-de dʒu-dá-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto dʒu-tá-de dʒu-tá-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto jaìtade, jaìrude haìtadɛ, haìrudɛ (B83) inheritance See Language page
Iquito ijiraani ihiraani unknown See Language page
Wari šukunʔ ʃukunʔ See Language page
Araona šoto See Language page
Ese Ejja yakʷa-; kekʷa inheritance See Language page
Tacana ď̶akʷa- See Language page
Cavineña sakʷa-ya (sakʷa-ya is also used for "injection") sakʷa-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara kharintaña kharintaɲa See Language page
Cayuvava βɔrɔ See Language page
Itonama itʸohne Means 'pierce'. See Language page
Kwazá ɛte-, hadai-, hado-, hadori-, twe- ɛte-, hadai-, hado-, hadori-, twe- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'pothe'te See Language page
Movima čaʔ-na tʃaʔ-na See Language page
Kaingang kusòn nɔn; kusɔn See Language page
Chipaya č̣ʰap- See Language page
Mocoví y-aʔd-aak Lit. '3p actor-puncture-obj (trans)'. See Language page
Pilagá yi-sok See Language page
Toba i-ʔaǰ-igi Lit. '3p actor-puncture-into'. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkiɬyipɬaayi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋelyepɬaʔɬeem; neŋeltekɬekɬama See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay i-hno'poh See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja etam ~ -itam ~ -tetam See Language page
Maca -tixem ~ -ɬixem See Language page
Nivaclé -ȼefex stab https://ids.clld.org/
Mapudungun čɨŋarɨ Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Tehuelche '-āmx-; 'čˀaʔteš- The latter includes 'strangle'. See Language page
Lokono thiadyn tʰiadɨn stab Pet 1987:372
Kariña puka puka pierce; stab Yamada 2010:796