Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

small

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
pequeño
Meaning Portuguese
pequeno

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim koo-choo'-bik 215 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tytyn inheritance
Cahuilla inish-ily inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok Tu/:ni- unknown
Chemehuevi mi7au/nci inheritance
Chumash Barbareno ch-taniw unknown Ono 1976:19
Chumash Cruzeno kuch'u loan JPH
Chumash Ineseno muc'u7 “small one”; “young, small” unknown A 127, 275
Chumash Obispeno tsiwisnini “chiquitito”; chiwisnisu “muy chiquito” unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno mit'i loan JPH
Cocopa lycash, 7ilyca/sh “to be small” loan direction unknown
Comanche tytaaty inheritance
Cupeño 'akulyi [Ɂəˈkuʎi] loan direction unknown
Esselen ukxu/-s-ki “small” loan direction unknown Shaul 1995:199
Gabrielino cenu:ho7 inheritance
Iipay 'Aa estik ('elyemis) [Ɂəsˈt̯ɪk] ([Ɂəʎəˈmɪs] unknown
Kawaiisu 7yyve7e-pii-chi unknown
Kiliwa muwtt 36 unknown
Kitanemuk 7anu7si7 inheritance
Lake Miwok k'u/chchi, k'u/cci loan
Luiseño 7alu/'-ma-l loan direction unknown
Maidu tibi/ unknown
Mojave ich'aw=, inch'aw-(of a baby or young child), ish'aw- (too small for x), natqoly- (song word w/ plural subj. only), nishquly= (plur subj only) unknown
Mutsun ku:tyihmin “small one” loan direction unknown O77:251
Nisenan la:j unknown
Northern Paiute tyytsi inheritance Thornes 03:476
Northern Sierra Miwok 7ic:ipit:i- inheritance
Plains Miwok 7itit:i- inheritance
Salinan A skI/tana (A), unknown
Salinan M sko/tAn unknown Mason 1918:150
Seri (Comcaac) quisil unknown
Serrano chilykam loan R&E2000:223
Southern Paiute mia7-G usually mia7-p:y-tsi- inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok cin:ipi, cin:imi, cinti- loan
Southern Ute mii-, miipy-, etc. inheritance
Tübatulabal kuu7chupich loan direction unknown
Tümpisa Shoshone tytiittsittsi inheritance
Wappo kut'i:ya (singular) loan
Washo behe\tsing unknown K311
Western Mono inotsitsi7i/-tU, -tsi7 unknown
Wintu ku:t'e, loan direction unknown
Yavapai ki/ch, qa/ch, ka/ch, ke/ch unknown
Yokuts Palewyami muchuchu7 (cns. symbolism) unique JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi pu:nun, pu:tcutc 244 unknown K07:244
Yokuts Yowlumne gudi7 unknown N 1944 38
Yuki 7o:lsil, 7u:nshil, 7unsil, 7unsel inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma 7ano/qk “it is small” H1:29 unknown
Baniwa -eeni, tsóo, tíki -eeni, tsóo, tíki inheritance See Language page
Carijona hica (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo quĩ́jico (f.), quĩ́jicʉ (m.), quĩ́jino (inan.) kĩ́xiko (f.), kĩ́xikɨ (m.), kĩ́xino (inan.) unique See Language page
Dâw pis piʃ inheritance See Language page
Desano miriñegã, migʉgã miriñegã, migɨgã unknown See Language page
Eñepa pɨɨča; ari-pɨɨča pɨɨtʃ̌a; ari-pɨɨtʃa inheritance See Language page
Hodï a'li unique See Language page
Waorani ghiya, giya unique See Language page
Hup cĩ́pm'æh ~cípb'æh unique See Language page
Kakua bai-ni [small-adjvz?] inheritance See Language page
Makushi siʔmɨrikkɨ (IDS) siʔmɨrikkɨ (IDS) inheritance shared Pemon See Language page
Nheengatu miri, ananika (possibly from portuguese anão) miɾi, ananika (possibly from portuguese anão) inheritance; unknown See Language page
Ninam sĩilip; oše, siinip (EM72) sĩilip; oʃe, siinip unique See Language page
Nukak bai2 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki yadi, ɨja jadi, ɨxa unique See Language page
Pemon chirike, chiapue, damik-pue (A1981); chiikrɨkö (E1980); chi'rü'kö (M2000) tʃiɾike, tʃiapue, damikpue (A1981); tʃikrɨkö (E1980) inheritance shared with Macushi See Language page
Sanumá išinapɨ, wanipɨ (both EM72) iʃinapɨ, wanipɨ unique See Language page
Sikuani atsi (1) atsí, tʃikiri-jo: unknown; doubtful loan (into protolanguage?) Pemon; but likely sound symbolic See Language page
Tariana tsúite tsúite inheritance See Language page
Tukano cã' rõácã kã'rõá kã inheritance See Language page
Kotiria ~ba('a); da ~ba(ʔa); dáá inheritance E Tuk? See Language page
Yanomam wãsiap, sĩrip (both EM72) wãsiap, sĩɾip inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Yanomami ihiru-pɨ, wãisipɨ (EM72) ihiɾu-pɨ, wãisipɨ (EM72) inheritance See Language page
Yukuna kamu'ujini: kamu'ují kamuʔuhini: kamuʔuhí unique See Language page
Yuhup hĩ́p ~híp unique See Language page
Arabana kupa inheritance
Bardi doln_ dolng inheritance
Bunuba mabilyi unknown
Burarra -balgurla
Dhangu nyumukuṉiny inheritance
Dhuwal nyumukuṉiny
Dhuwala nyumikiny inheritance
Diyari waka inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu nyumukiny unknown
Djapu nyumukuṉiny unknown
Djinang miliyirring unknown
Gajirrabeng woothoong unique NJ
Gooniyandi jiginya unique
Gupapuyngu nyumikiny inheritance
Gurindji yapawurru loan
Jabirr-Jabirr doln_ dolng inheritance
Jaru yambagina inheritance
Jawi morrol morrol inheritance
Karajarri wupartu loan
Kija wanyake- unique NJ
Malyangapa pumpatha unique
Mangala wipiti loan Nyulnyulan
Miriwung woothoong unique NJ
Mithaka waka inheritance
Mudburra wunyu
Mudburra wunyu unique
Ngamini wolka unique
Ngandi dhaku loan Rembarrnga
Ngarluma gurlugurlu
Ngumbarl oobarda, oobardoo <oobarda, oobardoo> inheritance
Nhirrpi pulha inheritance
Nimanburru doln_ dolng inheritance
Northern Mangarla wipiti loan
Northern Nyangumarta wupajupani inheritance
Nyangumarta wupartu loan
Nyikina uba uba inheritance
Nyulnyul mururl mururl inheritance
Paakantyi kurtalooko unique
Pirriya wayiwiya
Pitta-Pitta thuyuyu loan direction unknown
Rirratjingu nyumukuṉiny, yutjuwaḻa
Ritharrngu ganyang unique
Walmajarri lamparn inheritance
Wangkayutyuru japu unique
Warrwa uuba uuba inheritance
Wubuy wirrig unique
Yan-nhangu gulkuruŋu unknown
Yandruwandha pulya, purla inheritance
Yarluyandi kunuwarda unique
Yawarrawarrka pulja inheritance
Yawuru wubajubaju wubajubaju inheritance
Achagua húbee húbee unique See Language page
Piapoco achúméeri, yáana atʃúmé:ɾi, já:na See Language page
Kabiyari karitʃhũĩ karitʃhũĩ See Language page
Yavitero witasima-hi witasima-hi See Language page
Wapishana kʰaikʰapʰasudi-ʔu kʰaikʰapʰasudi-ʔu unique See Language page
Wayuu motsa-yɨ-i; motsa-yɨ-ľɨ See Language page
Yine mtɨ-rɨ *Piro-Apuriná form is *aše-mɨ'tɨ-rV. See Language page
Paresi ikalira ikalira unique See Language page
Ignaciano ičipiču Also 'aničiča; amaperu. See Language page
Trinitario ʔčiʔču; ʔčiʔčoʔo Also suffix -ɣira. See Language page
Baure či; 'mičokiṛ̌i; ti'ʔa-ci tʃi; 'mitʃokiṛ̌i; ti'ʔa-ci unknown See Language page
Waurá -tãi; ãhã-tãi; muyepe -tãi; ãhã-tãi; mujepe unique See Language page
Arutani sikipi sikipi See Language page
Sape to to See Language page
Cha'palaa 'kaaʔ-a'tʸutʸu; 'aɲ̃uɲu Also 'kaaʔ-a'ɲuɲu; 'a'tʸutʸu. See Language page
Bora nʸomɨ, aya, áyá-né-kʷï, ïʔxéné-kʷï, čʰoʔxï, ḯḯkḯyïï nʲomɨ, aja, ájá-nέ-kʷɯ, ɯʔxέnέ-kʷɯ, tʃʰoʔxɯ, ɯ́ɯ́kɯ́jɯɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane núméné-na, áxášu-no, áxášu-no-gayɨ númέnέ-na, áxáʃu-no, áxáʃu-no-gajɨ See Language page
Akawaio aigoo aɪgo inheritance See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect aikɔ aikɔ See Language page
Apalai exipyra ro exipɨra ro inheritance See Language page
Wayana akin akin inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó akïï (small things) akɨɨ inheritance See Language page
Makiritare šeʔkə (IDS); she:'kö, she:'koto'kö (KH) ʃeʔkə (IDS); ʃe:ʔkə, ʃe:ʔkotoʔkə (KH) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wa'kampï wa'kampʊ See Language page
Wai Wai wahra; wahray wahra; wahray unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari baxinja (child, small) baʃinja (child, small) See Language page
Yabarana in'towmuskə See Language page
Yukpa kika kʂenʂe See Language page
Kalapalo intsoño intsoño unique See Language page
Muisca inguezunga inγetʂunγa See Language page
Barí baakaĩ; ihtoo Colombia: bakurə; also means 'baby' 02.270; 02.280. *Chibchan form is *'c̷id. *Chibchan diminutive suffix is *-'aara. See Language page
Northern Emberá kaabeeábʉ, maarĩ́mbʉ kaːbeːábʉ, maːrĩ́mbʉ See Language page
Epena kʰai'pee; ma'ʔari Latter is 'very.small'. See Language page
Guayabero tʃaʔél-ax unknown See Language page
Macaguan chir tʃir doubtful loan (into protolanguage?), direction unknown Pemon; but likely sound symbolic See Language page
Cofán re´ri, chipiri, -cho tʃipiɾI, tʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra pakchi paktʃi unique See Language page
Páez uchú utʃu See Language page
Tikuna íra (Alv44) íra unique See Language page
Urarina laauhiri la:uhiɽi unique See Language page
Camsa báse, bíntʃe báse, bíntʃe See Language page
Andoke u' uʔ unique See Language page
Pumé tǫkõi See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Máku kudi kudi See Language page
Warao sanuka sanuka See Language page
Ashuar túupich, trúpich tu:piʧ, trupiʧ See Language page
Huambisa shitapach ʃitapatʃ See Language page
Aguaruna manchúuch mantʃú:tʃ unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect -iʃ inheritance cognate Dâw See Language page
Matses ania ania unknown See Language page
Kakataibo ču'kuma Also čaamarac̷u. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌ã-pičṣ̌a See Language page
Pacahuara 'mišni d'Orb pistie. See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo anima; anitama; maṣ̌ko See Language page
Yaminahua pišta See Language page
Chácobo mišni; pistia; yamaria (the latter is "very small") mišni; pistia; yamaria (the latter is "very small") inheritance See Language page
Yagua jamiriyu- xamirijũ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua uchilla utʃiʎa See Language page
Ingá amchi amtʃi See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua ichilla itʃiʎa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano taksa, uchuy, uchuk taksa, utʃuy, utʃuk See Language page
Piaroa ji'kichawa hĩkʔĩtʃãwã unique See Language page
Sáliva isabaje isabahe unique See Language page
Bará pe'e-kɨ̃ãhã See Language page
Barasano ~boho-rihɨ; bõhṍ-gɨ̃(-ãkã) (H&R) ~boho-rihɨ; bõhṍ-gɨ̃(-ãkã) (H&R) See Language page
Carapana õ'kã́-ɨ̃-ãkã õ'kã́-ɨ̃-ãkã See Language page
Makuna ~bɨtaka; habitire ~bɨtaka; habitire unknown See Language page
Yuruti pẽ́ẽ-gɨ̃-gã pẽ́ẽ-gɨ̃-gã See Language page
Waikhana bẽ'ʔẽdikiro-gã bẽ'ʔẽdikiro-gã See Language page
Siriano mégʉ mégɨ See Language page
Tanimuca kũ'pa hĩ'ka kũ'pa hĩ'ka unique See Language page
Tatuyo õ 'kã-ɨ̃-'ãkã õ 'kã-ɨ̃-'ãkã See Language page
Tuyuka 'pee-gã ʔpee-gã See Language page
Waimaja pee'kíákã, bẽ'tã́kã pee'kíákã, bẽ'tã́kã See Language page
Koreguaje chiiʉ (male), chĩio (female) dʒiiʉ, dʒĩio unknown See Language page
Siona čoa; sˀĩ čoa; sˀĩ doubtful loan, direction unknown Kokama See Language page
Secoya a'riquë aʔri'kɨ See Language page
Karitiana ´ĩn ʔɨ̃n unknown See Language page
Kokama chura tʃura doubtful loan, direction unknown See Language page
Wayampi kiãwĩ; taʔɨ; -miti; -sisi kiãwĩ; taʔɨ; -miti; -sisi unknown; inheritance See Language page
Aché pɨkae unknown See Language page
Chiriguano miči inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní mičĩ See Language page
Sirionó eɲetẽ; ekʷake; eɲohõ eɲetẽ; ekʷake; eɲohõ unknown See Language page
Kamayurá taˀɨpĩatsã taˀɨpĩatsã inheritance See Language page
Ocaina síítih, sóógo, tóógo, xavi- síítiʔ, sóógo, tóógo, xaβi- unknown See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto hí.ï-re-de hí.ɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto dú.e-re-de, hí.ï-re-de dú.ɛ-rɛ-dɛ, hí.ɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto hano-re-de hano-rɛ-dɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito sɨsanuríca (MC: badɨdiminutive) sɨsanuríka (bad + diminutive) unique See Language page
Záparo niichakakihya niːʧakakihja See Language page
Wari wiyimain wijimain Also ka om hwaraʔ ne 'not largeness'. See Language page
Araona lopo Also ma-...-lipi; pelo-pelo; c̷idi. Diminutives are -limi; -lipi. See Language page
Ese Ejja -ɓiso; -sisi unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-sisi kia-sisi See Language page
Tacana konini; čidi; waičidi čidi is an affectionate term. See Language page
Cavineña ačača; pihi; ača-ača; aša-aša; nana- ačača; pihi; ača-ača; aša-aša; nana- unknown See Language page
Central Aymara jisk´a xiskˀa See Language page
Cayuvava βædæræ; čiči; dĩrĩ Suffix for 'diminutive' is -čao. See Language page
Itonama opiʔi; buyuyuʔtʸa See Language page
Kwazá tohoi, txuhũi tohoi, txuhũi See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané mi'ki-tk; mi'ki-s Respectively: masc.; fem. See Language page
Movima to-čiʔi to-tʃiʔi See Language page
Trumai kod ~ kot; pat kod ~ kot; pat unique See Language page
Kaingang sĩ, kãsir sĩ; kãsir; mi; kɔnɛ̃ŋ; kuniŋ See Language page
Canela kaaŋə; pat *Jê form is *kaŋã. Maxacalí form is kãɲã-noc̷. See Language page
Suyá sĩre sĩre See Language page
Karajá iɨǰa; i-ɨla; səmo See Language page
Djeoromitxi titi, bihi, tätä, txunĩ titi, bihi, tǝtǝ, tʃunĩ See Language page
Chipaya ḳolta; čʰuxt-u The latter is used of animals. See Language page
Mocoví sḳa lo Lit. 'not big'. See Language page
Pilagá katʔ-olek Lit. 'small (?)-masc. dimin.'. See Language page
Toba kočoʔ-oɲik; l-[i]ale-k -oɲik is diminutive; the latter refers to small person/child. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Also -kyitkuk. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkitsoi; apkitkitsoi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet atketsek; ayetkok; tes See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ɬomsah Also ni-'wehʷ-a, lit. 'negative large'. Also 'ɬim-pah, 'a little bit'. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja fʷamlaa; xelox; kyepis Also xe-wux, 'not large'. See Language page
Maca ɬammis See Language page
Nivaclé tikˀin small, little https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo aa'tiami; aa'tiami-a Also a'haami; a'haami-a; and -pitai, 05.660, 08.470. See Language page
Mapudungun piči Same in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar yeḳe Also means 'few'. Sk, Bo, Gui record yekyot for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record yekwat for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam tˀeplwè See Language page
Tehuelche 'očˀ- See Language page
Lokono basahan basahan small Pet 1987:371
Kariña imempoko imempoko small Yamada 2010:738