Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

ankle

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tobillo
Meaning Portuguese
tornozelo

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ta-wincyh(-a”), ta-wincih(-a”) inheritance
Cahuilla -'i kaw'a loan direction unknown S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ka/T:ala:la:- inheritance
Chumash Barbareno show inheritance Klar 1977:131
Chumash Ineseno show inheritance Klar 1977:131
Chumash Obispeno solo7 inheritance Klar 1977:131
Chumash Ventureno show inheritance JPH
Comanche miihtsI unknown
Cupeño -xuchi [xutʃi] unknown
Iipay 'Aa emily heneway [əˈmɪʎ xən̯əˈwai] unique
Kiliwa miy=n+kwaaw “anklebone” unique
Kitanemuk kachuach unknown
Lake Miwok ko/lon laja/aki “foot's wrist” unique
Luiseño 7iye/7yish unknown Elliott
Maidu pa/jkulu\ inheritance
Mojave iime qarawees (ankle joint) unique
Mutsun muhtitihris??? “form veryunsure”, unknown NW (JPH)
Nisenan nyn “joint”?? inheritance
Northern Paiute ta7witsogo inheritance Thornes 03:112
Northern Sierra Miwok saj:awTi- inheritance
Plains Miwok hot:okli- inheritance
Salinan A tcokelti/nai (A only); unknown (Turner 1983:224)
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) yacOj unknown
Serrano navY:-T inheritance
Southern Paiute tangwi7at:a-S; -wi7at:a-S unique
Southern Sierra Miwok kat:ak:atal- inheritance
Tübatulabal kaawlish-t loan
Tümpisa Shoshone tawintsoko inheritance
Wappo lu/lu7 (Napa dialect) loan
Washo c'i/:bel mo/Lk'o unknown J426
Western Mono ta7wizo/go inheritance
Wintu may 7anaq “leg joint” inheritance
Yavapai sqmwi^:ra unknown
Yokuts Palewyami keyu inheritance K1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi kHuyo inheritance K07:235
Yokuts Yowlumne kuyu7 inheritance N1944
Yuki to/-kum CHM, t&o/-ku\/m inheritance S&S1984
Baniwa koróda, hiipóko, -tawírhe, -thi koróda, hiipóko, -tawírhe, -thi inheritance; unknown See Language page
Carijona manini (SM) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo cũachĩarʉ; cũajãrabo; cũarʉ; cʉbocũarʉ kĩaʧĩaɾɨ; kĩaxãɾabo; kĩaɾɨ; kɨbokĩaɾɨ unique See Language page
Dâw çʉʉ̀m xʉ̃w cɨ̂m xɨ̃w inheritance See Language page
Desano añayaru ~ajajaɾu inheritance See Language page
Eñepa -əʔraʔmu- (IDS) -əʔraʔmu- (IDS) unknown See Language page
Hodï tanemohkwate unique See Language page
Waorani õdõ-ka-wa unique See Language page
Hup j’ib kãkã́w ɟ’ib ~kakáw inheritance See Language page
Kakua híʧa-kurúʔ [foot-cl:nucle] unique See Language page
Makushi u-rupukon (IDS) u-rupukon (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Maihiki jatoga ja xatoga xã unique See Language page
Pemon pɨrakuung (E1980) pɨrakuŋ (E1980) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani taxuyabere (35) taxujáberé unknown See Language page
Tukano dɨʔpô diʔi-, jẽkâgɨ kua dɨʔpô diʔi-, jẽkâgɨ kua unique; unknown See Language page
Kotiria agã curiaca; dahporo dohsari curiaca (all Waltz) agã kuɾiaka; dahpoɾo dohsaɾi kuɾiaka (all Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yukuna ko'ojélaji koʔohélahi inheritance See Language page
Arabana muku-thiri inheritance
Bardi miilygu miilyku inheritance
Bunuba luwu unknown
Burarra gun-mardaparr
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal ḏulkun
Dhuwala yaṯa inheritance
Diyari tidnakatitjiti inheritance
DiyariREU [missing] missing
Djambarrpuyngu 1776
Djapu dhapa
Djinang baṯ unknown
Gajirrabeng X
Gooniyandi linggali
Gupapuyngu ḏulkun unknown
Gurindji tari inheritance
Jaru luju unique
Jawi dyaŋgudugudu jaŋgudugudu semantic shift
Karajarri 4818 loan
Kija lengkal- loan Ngarinyin
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala putu loan
Miriwung lengkal loan Ngarinyin
Mithaka 827 missing
Mudburra bardbala
Mudburra dangka unique
Ngamini 827 unique
Ngandi gu-rdungurru inheritance
Ngarluma bardara inheritance
Ngumbarl nemedee, nimardee nimirdi semantic shift
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru melg melk inheritance
Northern Mangarla rlingkipi
Northern Nyangumarta luku inheritance
Nyangumarta luku inheritance
Nyikina milygu milyku inheritance
Nyulnyul melg melk inheritance
Paakantyi giḷi unique
Pirriya 3191 missing
Pitta-Pitta marti inheritance
Rirratjingu [missing] missing
Ritharrngu rdungurru loan
Walmajarri luku inheritance
Wangkayutyuru 827 missing
Wubuy lhungujun unique
Yan-nhangu maṉḏurruk unknown
Yandruwandha martardaku inheritance
Yarluyandi [missing] missing
Yawarrawarrka tidnawoda doubtful loan
Yawuru milgu milku inheritance
Achagua túkula túkula inheritance See Language page
Piapoco cùlubàa kùlubàa See Language page
Wapishana [-]ˀbaruriʔi [-]ˀbaruriʔi unknown Some similarity to Carib (e.g. Eñepa paraʔmu), but borrowing seems unlikely See Language page
Yine yhalexi See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page
Trinitario -piɣi Also -wotonepɣi. See Language page
Waurá -tʸalãa-tapa -tʸalãa-tapa unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa -'ne-'mii-'pih-'puka See note in 'fruit' 05.710. See Language page
Bora lleebóu (T98) tʃeepóɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane rúúbuɨ (W97) rúúbuɨ See Language page
Akawaio pɨragong pɨ'ragɔŋ inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Apalai pyrahtokotoko pɨrahtokotoko inheritance See Language page
Wayana klakun klakun unknown See Language page
Tiriyó manini manini inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo wahkë-ri (also means heel) wahkɛ-ri (also means heel) See Language page
Wai Wai o-hrak-nu o-hrak-nu inheritance See Language page
Yukpa mikiri See Language page
Muisca iomquym iomkuɨm See Language page
Barí kiokbā karikāa See Language page
Northern Emberá hẽ'rũ-koro'go 'foot-snail' (IDS) hẽ'rũ-koro'go 'foot-snail' (IDS) See Language page
Epena 'bɨɨrɨ 'kʰooro Lit. 'foot knob'. See Language page
Macaguan atá atá unknown See Language page
Cofán tsu´tte nemba´cho tsɯʔthɛ nɛmbaʔtʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Taushiro a'to ontu'chi'hu' aʔto onduʔʃiʔhuʔ See Language page
Páez chinda caca tʃinda kaka See Language page
Urarina tahiɕu tahitʃu unique See Language page
Andoke -sofádʌka -soɸádʌka unique See Language page
Pumé hu čatu See Language page
Puinave [-tat-hamadak] (lit. "base of foot") tat-hamadak unique See Language page
Ashuar wánus wanus See Language page
Aguaruna wanus wanus inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect tɨ̱:m nu:h baraho ('foot head ?') unique See Language page
Matses taësh, tatete taɨsh, tatete unknown See Language page
Kakataibo taɨ či'tuṣ̌kã *Panoan *-poṣ̌[V]ko. See Language page
Katukina tapoško See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo taɨ patõko See Language page
Yaminahua o-po-ṣ̌ko Cf. 'elbow' 04.320. See Language page
Chácobo ho-poto ho-poto inheritance See Language page
Yagua numutu (ju)vichiy; numutu rivasiy numutú (ju)víchij; numutú rivjasíj unique See Language page
Ingá chiuka/shibka tʃiuka/ʃibka See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua chaqui mucu tʃaki muk See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano chaki-muqu (CP94) tʃaki-muqu See Language page
Carapana ãña dobea, ãña jᵾra ãja dobea, ãja xɨɾa See Language page
Makuna ãña yaga; ãña rirajea (ãña for 'snake/colubrid'); ñama yaga ãja jaga; ãja ɾiɾaxea; jama yaga inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje cũ'apʉ kũʔapʉ unique See Language page
Siona jëo beto hɨo beto inheritance See Language page
Secoya jëo peto ca hɨɔ pɛtɔ ka See Language page
Kokama pɨta-muchuri 'foot-node' pɨta-mutʃuri 'foot-node' unique See Language page
Wayampi pɛlɛnã pɛlɛnã inheritance See Language page
Aché pɨčã kmana inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano (se-)pɨɲũa inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨ-ɲuã See Language page
Sirionó eičuã eičuã inheritance See Language page
Murui Witoto taìsɨcoño taìθɨkoɲo (B83) unknown See Language page
Iquito tiríja, curíja (also means wrist) tiríha, kuríha (also means wrist) unknown See Language page
Araona tomihaha See Language page
Ese Ejja e-kiɓo; e-xioxi-kokaxi unknown See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-šoši-xi; e-kiʔbo (Girard 1971) e-šoši-xi; e-kiʔbo See Language page
Tacana e-mada-tahi See Language page
Cavineña e-wači-atoha-kaka (wači is "foot") e-wači-atoha-kaka unknown See Language page
Central Aymara kayu moqo kayu muḳu See Language page
Itonama oh-nipapano See Language page
Kwazá ecorewe ecorewe See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané po'po ~ kuti'kaɲ See Language page
Movima lotobacuin (your ankle) (J62) lotobakuin (your ankle) See Language page
Kaingang pẽn nàn (pẽn=pé; nàn=nó de osso) pɛ̃n nən See Language page
Djeoromitxi papfüoka paɸøoka See Language page
Mocoví l-ataw See Language page
Pilagá li-ki'yokena See Language page
Toba n-ḳonakamo See Language page
Lengua ik-yitetakla -minik See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité alyoma apankok alyoma ankok. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet yetsene eŋak; wahanayʔakɬaʔ eŋak See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay #NAME? See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -woxolan ~ -yoxolan (m.) Also -kalaʔwolkakiʔ ~ -kyala (f.). See Language page
Maca -fonxeʔ (f.) See Language page
Nivaclé -finkayɔ ankle https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo 'giidogoro See Language page
Mapudungun pali-pali Ranquel form is lʸoŋkosewɨ; lʸoŋkoya ~ ɨŋkoy; čoŋo-čoŋo. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳʰat-ḳʰar From Ag, cf. 'calf of leg' 04.352. Fi, Hy record akolapa for South QWS, which also means 'wrist' 04.321. See Language page
Selknam hal-yeʔn k-pˀax Means 'foot-joint'. See Language page
Tehuelche 'tapˀr Also 'tˀaʔml, where the leg ends. See Language page
Kanamarí 1. -aita, 2. -itakom 1. -aita, 2. -itakom 1. tornozelo, 2. tornozelo 1.Magalhães 2018:351, 2. Magalhães 2018:352
Lokono toro toɾo ankle Pet 1987:72
Kariña màkari maɁkari ankle Courtz 2007:312