Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

big

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
grande
Meaning Portuguese
grande

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim mi'-ek 207, ek-kā'-wah 215 loan
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pia (-n) inheritance
Cahuilla 7amna- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7yT:y-T:i- loan into protolanguage
Chemehuevi hoko/ V unknown
Chumash Barbareno xax, pl. xaxax (and aug.) B76:264 unknown Ono 1996:152
Chumash Cruzeno 7inu unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno nox unknown A 16
Chumash Obispeno L-'ashi; ch-'ashino/no “es grande”, ch-'ashi 0114R, 0124L unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno xa7ax unknown JPH
Cocopa ptay, pta:y, ptays, 7iny inheritance
Comanche pia inheritance
Cupeño 'ay'ani-sh [ɁaiɁanɪʃ] unknown
Esselen putu/-ki, unknown Shaul 1995:199
Gabrielino yo7oyt inheritance
Iipay 'Aa 'iikuu [Ɂiˑˈkuˑ˅] unknown
Kawaiisu 7i-vojo unknown
Kiliwa 7-tay inheritance
Kitanemuk 7aty7a inheritance
Lake Miwok 7a/de loan
Luiseño yo-t inheritance
Maidu tete/ unknown
Mojave valytay=m, valytee=k inheritance
Mutsun watreSYte “large”, wetreSYmin unknown O77:88,255
Nisenan muk' unknown
Northern Paiute paba inheritance Thornes 03:75
Northern Sierra Miwok 7yt:y- loan into protolanguage
Plains Miwok teme-, tem:e- unknown
Salinan A (k)etca:/7 (A), , (k)etca/7ate/n unknown
Salinan M (k)etcHa:/' 'large, great' unknown Mason 1918:149
Seri (Comcaac) caacoj unknown
Serrano atiY7a7, atY7a7 Y is retro y inheritance
Southern Paiute pia- main, big inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok 7oja-:ni unknown
Southern Ute avatY(-), aavAtY- inheritance
Tübatulabal ekeewa-n loan
Tümpisa Shoshone pia inheritance
Wappo tu/ch'a (also “old”), singular ch is c hachek loan
Washo i/:yel unknown J373
Western Mono paba/-tU, papaaba/-tU inheritance
Wintu qom inheritance
Yavapai te/(:) “big, many, much” (a suffix), vte/, kvte/: inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami nema7 unique JPH Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi meTH inheritance K07:244, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne may'e:k/ “big, big one” inheritance K 1963
Yuki ho:T inheritance S&S1984
Yuma *vata/y “to be big” H1:26 inheritance
Baniwa maka- maka- unique See Language page
Cubeo ʉraco (f.), ʉracʉ (m.), ʉrarõ(inan.). ɨrako (f.), ɨrakɨ (m.), ɨrarõ(inan.). unique See Language page
Dâw pêg, pôòg peg (pôg) inheritance See Language page
Desano wʉarí wɨarí doubtful loan, direction unknown Arawak: Achagua wé:ri See Language page
Eñepa tosen-pe; tosan-pe tosen-pe; tosan-pe unique See Language page
Hodï u'li unique See Language page
Waorani ye; ñaena unique See Language page
Hup pǒg pǒg inheritance See Language page
Kakua bɨdǐ- [be.big] unique See Language page
Makushi kureʔne (IDS) kureʔne (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu açu asu inheritance See Language page
Ninam pata; le, pata (animate, EM72), reo (big, EM72) pata; le, pata, ɾeo inheritance le, pata (animate, EM72), reo (big, EM72) See Language page
Nukak niʔ4 unique See Language page
Maihiki jai xai inheritance See Language page
Pemon tanno (A1981); tanno (M2000) tano (A1981) unique See Language page
Sanumá pata (animate, EM72), peepə (EM72) pata, peepə inheritance See Language page
Sikuani boü (2) bóɨ, ajái-hawa (piníhi-hawa 'cosa grande, mucho' - 'large thing, much') doubtful loan Piaroa buo, buɣ See Language page
Tariana hanúite hanúite inheritance See Language page
Tukano pacasé pakasé inheritance See Language page
Kotiria bʉhu; phi bʉhu; pʰíí unknown See Language page
Yanomam pata (animate), prewə pata, pɾewə inheritance See Language page
Yanomami pata (animate), prewə pata, pɾewə inheritance See Language page
Yukuna ñópo'ojlo ɲópoʔohlo unique See Language page
Yuhup pog pog inheritance See Language page
Arabana katjiwiRi unique
Bardi burdij, irrgadarr burdij, irrkadarr inheritance
Bunuba nyarna inheritance
Burarra wana unknown
Dhangu bathala unknown
Dhuwal ḏumurr(u)
Dhuwala dhamburru inheritance
Diyari pirna inheritance
DiyariREU katiwiri loan Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu 1440 unknown
Djapu ḏumurr(u) inheritance
Djinang maṉmiḻing unknown
Gajirrabeng ngerrgebiyab
Gooniyandi nyamarni inheritance
Gupapuyngu dhamburru inheritance
Gurindji jangkarni unique
Jabirr-Jabirr bindany bindany inheritance
Jaru bili semantic shift
Jawi errgoodarra [irrgudarra] irrkudarra inheritance
Karajarri wurtu inheritance
Kija nawarra unique NJ
Malyangapa parooro inheritance
Mangala marraly unknown
Miriwung ngerregoowoong unique NJ
Mithaka pirna inheritance
Mudburra dija
Mudburra dija unique
Ngamini pirna inheritance
Ngandi dharpal unique
Ngarluma mirrga
Ngumbarl weedoo <weedoo> doubtful loan
Nhirrpi pirna inheritance
Nimanburru budu budu inheritance
Northern Mangarla purlka
Northern Nyangumarta wirtu inheritance
Nyangumarta 4407 inheritance
Nyikina buju XXngl big, all gone buju doubtful loan
Nyulnyul birndany, wurrunbardangk birndany, wurrunbardangk inheritance
Paakantyi wertoo
Pirriya walku unique
Pitta-Pitta mangkurra inheritance
Rirratjingu wakin
Ritharrngu dharpal loan
Walmajarri purlka inheritance
Wangkayutyuru wima inheritance
Warrwa gwiina kwiina unknown
Wubuy runggal unique
Yan-nhangu yindi inheritance
Yandruwandha pirna inheritance
Yarluyandi pina inheritance
Yawarrawarrka pirna inheritance
Yawuru wirdu wirdu doubtful loan
Achagua wé:ri wé:ri doubtful loan, direction unknown Desano wɨarí See Language page
Piapoco manuíri manuíɾi See Language page
Kabiyari manuʔú manuʔú See Language page
Yavitero iľ̥uwaľi-hi iľ̥uwaľi-hi See Language page
Wapishana ɨdarɨ; tɨbarɨ ɨdarɨ; tɨbarɨ inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page
Wayuu mɨľeu See Language page
Paresi kalore kalore unique See Language page
Ignaciano ičape; ičape-puʔi See Language page
Trinitario ʔčope-riʔi See Language page
Baure čo- tʃo- inheritance See Language page
Waurá weke; au; ki-kĩyãkã weke; au; ki-kĩjãkã unique See Language page
Arutani kwaya kwaya See Language page
Sape konən konən See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ʔaa-; 'ʔaa-wa Also 'pu-lʸa, greater than, surpassing; also means 'log'. See Language page
Bora mithya-(ne), čiya-, kʰemï- mitʰʸa-(nɛ), tʃija-, kʰɛmɯ- inheritance See Language page
Muinane mítya-no, gíráa-no, kééɸi-no bókkɨ-no, kóyɨ-no, tʸɨ́gaba mítʲa-no, gíráa-no, kέέɸi-no bókkɨ-no, kójɨ-no, tʲɨ́gaba See Language page
Akawaio egee ɛge unique See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect ɛke ɛke See Language page
Apalai eeryhpo, imo, inũme,konõto, zumo eerɨhpo, imo, inũme,konõto, zumo unique See Language page
Wayana pepta pepta unique See Language page
Tiriyó mono_me mono.me unique See Language page
Makiritare nuwe (IDS); adai'hö (KH) (means 'big', 'large' and 'wide') nuwe (IDS); adaiʔhə (KH) unique See Language page
Mapoyo ko'mano ko'mano See Language page
Wai Wai Φorinme; Φorin Φorinme; Φorin unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari tah tah See Language page
Yabarana ta'potoi See Language page
Yukpa sorpe pʂki'to (human) See Language page
Kalapalo tsekegï tsekegɨ unique See Language page
Muisca cuhuma kuhuma See Language page
Barí aabii Colombia: ʔa'birə. *Chibchan form is *ta'ĩ. See Language page
Northern Emberá oaibʉ́a oaibʉ́a See Language page
Epena (ne-)'čoma Lit. '(gen.-) big'. Also wai'bɨa 'big, many'. See Language page
Guayabero pinhíx-ja [gloss of parts?], 'cosa grande' - 'large thing' inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan pekná pekná inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva pín-jo, pín-wa grande, big Huber & Reed 1992:220
Playero warabé-wa See Language page
Cofán rande (Spanish loan?), -cco ɾaⁿdɛ, kʰo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kapógó kapónkó unique See Language page
Taushiro ho´hua hoʔhua See Language page
Páez gula gula See Language page
Tikuna na2ta2 (A58) nata unique See Language page
Urarina seuhwa seuhwa unique See Language page
Camsa bɨts bɨts See Language page
Andoke hʌ́- hʌ́- unique See Language page
Pumé bũĩdȩ ãnã See Language page
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? doubtful loan Nadahup See Language page
Máku bote bote See Language page
Warao irira iɾiɾa See Language page
Ashuar juun, juunt xu:n, xu:nt See Language page
Huambisa uun u:n See Language page
Aguaruna múun mú:n inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect poŋ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect bog See Language page
Matses nua nua unknown See Language page
Kakataibo čaa; ʔɨo *Panoan *ʔɨwa. See Language page
Katukina ani-pa See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ani; aspa; oe Latter is 'huge'. See Language page
Yaminahua ɨβapa; -βa See Language page
Chácobo čaʔita-ṣ̌ɨni; -wa čaʔita-ṣ̌ɨni; -wa unique See Language page
Yagua jami xãmı̃ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua atun atun See Language page
Ingá atun atun See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua jatun xatun See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano hatun, chikachachaq hatun, tʃikatʃatʃaq See Language page
Piaroa buo buɔ inheritance See Language page
Sáliva wodi, gode wodi, gode inheritance See Language page
Bará pai-'gɨ See Language page
Barasano hai-rihaɨ (E), hai-rihɨ; hai-gɨ (H&R) hai-rihaɨ (E), hai-rihɨ; hai-gɨ (H&R) See Language page
Carapana pacarije (to be big - unit), pairique (to be big existence or mass); 'ká-paí (H&R) pakaɾixɛ, paiɾikɛ; 'ká-paí (H&R) See Language page
Makuna hai-rise, kɨ-rise hai-rise, kɨ-rise inheritance See Language page
Yuruti pai-'gɨ́ pai-'gɨ́ See Language page
Waikhana pa'hirikirudu pa'hirikirudu See Language page
Siriano wa- wa- See Language page
Tanimuca hoʔba 'ka hoʔba 'ka unique See Language page
Tatuyo ká-pa'í ká-pa'í See Language page
Tuyuka pai- pai- See Language page
Waimaja ᵽáí ɸáí See Language page
Siona hai; ai hai; ai inheritance See Language page
Secoya jaiquë hai'kɨ See Language page
Karitiana tyy tɨɨ inheritance See Language page
Kokama tua tua inheritance See Language page
Wayampi taʔɨ-luwã (Lit. 'small-false') taʔɨ-luwã (Lit. 'small-false') unique See Language page
Aché waču inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano gʷasu; tuiča inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní tuiča; ɣʷasu See Language page
Sirionó ekʷasu, eri̯ša ekʷasu, eri̯ša inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá tuwijap tuwijap inheritance See Language page
Ocaina óóxu, oxííja óóxɯ, oxííha inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto áiǰu.e áidʒu.ɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto áiǰu.e áidʒu.ɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto aiǰu.e aidʒu.ɛ inheritance See Language page
Iquito umáana; ani-/aniita- show evidence of meaning big diachronically; ihuítani (never occurs without a noun) umáana; ani- unique See Language page
Záparo k+raka kɨɾaka See Language page
Wari hwaraʔ; horon hwaraʔ; horon Lit. 'its father' (the big one); 'largeness' is kote ne. See Language page
Araona haliǰa Also -baba, in reference to river, streams, or persons. Cf. 'grandfather 02.460. Also kʷiča-kata; -iyo; bi(y)o. *Tacn forms are *aŕi-da; *aŕi-na-. See Language page
Ese Ejja #NAME? unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-ʔao kia-ʔao See Language page
Tacana aida; aða; boc̷ama See Language page
Cavineña ari-da; ari-na; ebari ari-da; ari-na; ebari inheritance likely loan into some Panoan lgs See Language page
Central Aymara jach´a xačˀa See Language page
Cayuvava -čeče; tætæ Cf. 'grandmother'. See Language page
Itonama ibɨsča; ukahna; kahanaʔna Also matˀohke; pasimatˀo. See Language page
Kwazá nỹ-, txi- (the latter is more emphasized - very big ) nỹ-, txi- (the latter is more emphasized - very big ) See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané 'dersi See Language page
Movima mereʔe mereʔe See Language page
Trumai daii daii unique See Language page
Kaingang ehe mag ehe; ɛhɛ; məŋ; maŋ See Language page
Canela iʔ-tɨk *Jê form is *tɨk. See Language page
Suyá čí čí See Language page
Karajá təbɨhɨkɨ̃ See Language page
Djeoromitxi txitxi tʃitʃi See Language page
Chipaya paḳʰi; nuk-ta Also čakxʷa. To enlarge is tʰaḳ-š; txʷaḳ-š. See Language page
Mocoví lo See Language page
Pilagá ʔamaḳtaḳ; le-'tʔad-aik The latter is '3pp-big-masc.adj'. See Language page
Toba ʔamaḳtaḳ See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité awanhi; akyawaia See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet akyeweyˀ; akmelayˀ; akyaʔyeem Also ayeeɬahaykamˀ. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay wehʷ See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja wux See Language page
Maca ḳi Refers to non-countable items; see 13.150. See Language page
Nivaclé ux; kaxu large, big; large, big https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ke'ruu-i; ke'ruu-a See 03.760, 08.540. Also e'n̥umee-i; e'n̥umee, see 05.123. See Language page
Mapudungun fɨta Ranquel form is pɨṭ͡ʀɨ. See Language page
Qawasqar erlay Also Ag, Em record arakstawar. Bo records akwel for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record okwel for South QWS. See Language page
Selknam àṣ-čou; unker See Language page
Tehuelche 'čˀay- See Language page
Lokono firon ɸiɾon big Pet 1987:351
Kariña poto poto greatness, bigness Courtz 2007:351