Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

spit

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
escupir
Meaning Portuguese
cuspir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tusi” loan into protolanguage
Cahuilla -chu'an- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok ju:/pesy-, ju/pse- inheritance?
Chemehuevi kyci/jon(a) unique
Chumash Ineseno uqch'yk loan direction unknown A 33
Chumash Obispeno Lk-tutu/-nu “Escupelo” loan direction unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno 7uxch'yk loan direction unknown JPH
Cocopa lxa unknown
Comanche tusity loan into protolanguage
Cupeño chux-in [tʃuxin] inheritance
Iipay 'Aa chehutt [ʧəˈxʊt] unknown
Kawaiisu chichii7i- inheritance
Kiliwa ha7=cha7 p+lax/p-c+phu unknown
Kitanemuk tohvyk loan into protolanguage
Lake Miwok tuke/eTi inheritance
Luiseño chuxi- loan direction unknown
Maidu t'u/p'
Mojave chayoq= unknown
Mutsun ru:se- “to spit on” inheritance? O77:253
Nisenan do:da “spit out” inheritance
Northern Paiute tuhi loan into protolanguage Stubbs 08
Northern Sierra Miwok tukja-, to:ka-, tu:ke- inheritance
Plains Miwok j2:p- inheritance?
Salinan A ksha/(:)k' unknown Turner 1980:84
Salinan M missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) quitp (“spit out”) unknown
Serrano cOv-kin inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok tukse- inheritance
Southern Ute kYchi7nH unique
Tübatulabal tuhhu-at loan into protolanguage
Tümpisa Shoshone tusi” loan into protolanguage, direction unknown
Wappo ch'ahlu/chi7 “spit out” unknown
Washo dibemú:k'ida unknown Washo Project
Western Mono tuhi- loan into protolanguage, direction unknown
Wintu ly'uqa unknown
Yavapai ha\chtu/hi loan direction unknown
Yokuts Yowlumne tuhwiyi “to spit” loan direction unknown N1944
Yuki oh- “vomit, spit” unknown S&S 1984
Baniwa hiwítta hiwít̪a inheritance See Language page
Carijona etaku (saliva; M2000) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo jẽcutuñʉ xẽkutujɨ unique See Language page
Dâw çoós cɔ̌ʃ inheritance See Language page
Desano eopi-ri eopi-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa y-ɨtyaku-n yama- (IDS) j-ɨtjaku-n jama- (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï hulepe unique See Language page
Waorani towæ tãdõ unique See Language page
Hup j’ɔç- ɟ’ɔç- inheritance See Language page
Makushi u-yetaku yenumɨ-u-ya (IDS) u-yetaku yenumɨ-u-ya (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu tumuna (Mello2000) tumuna (Mello2000) inheritance See Language page
Ninam korošo (EM72) koɾoʃo inheritance See Language page
Maihiki neseyi neseji unique See Language page
Pemon etakuta (A1981); etakutan, etaputan (M2000) etakuta (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá nakima (EM72) nakima unique See Language page
Sikuani suaba (2) suába unknown See Language page
Tariana wisá wisá inheritance See Language page
Tukano ɨʔse putí ɨʔse putí inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Kotiria chahcho putira; chahcho puti sãahna (to spit in something) (all Waltz) ʧahʧo putiɾa; ʧahʧo puti sãahna (all Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomam kašə (EM72) kaʃə inheritance See Language page
Yanomami hoaɨ, hopraɨ hoaɨ, hopɾaɨ unique See Language page
Yukuna athupákaje, awijákaje atʰupákahe, awihákahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup c’ɔ̂c c’ɔ̂c inheritance See Language page
Arabana ngaltja inheritance
Bardi barrja barrja unique
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra mun-jirdajirda unknown
Dhangu dhupthun inheritance
Dhuwal ŋäl inheritance
Dhuwala dhuba'yun inheritance
Diyari ngalta inheritance
DiyariREU ngaltja inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu 2175 inheritance
Djapu ŋäl inheritance
Djinang jukmarr-gi unknown
Gajirrabeng thebag inheritance
Gooniyandi goonggoodoo
Gupapuyngu dhuba'yun inheritance
Gurindji jupak yuwa- loan Jaru
Jabirr-Jabirr djibel jibel inheritance
Jaru juwawaj ma- doubtful loan
Karajarri julpayi yintanpa janguly (1) loan Nyulnyulan
Kija thupak inheritance
Malyangapa [missing] missing
Mangala janguly inheritance
Miriwung thebag inheritance
Mithaka ngalytya inheritance
Mudburra jalkirra
Mudburra banga loan
Ngamini ngalytya inheritance
Ngandi X missing
Ngarluma witharla ngayi(-lgu)
Nhirrpi [missing] missing
Nimanburru djibel jibel inheritance
Northern Mangarla janguly
Northern Nyangumarta janga-pini- (V3) inheritance
Nyangumarta janga inheritance
Nyulnyul djibel jibel inheritance
Paakantyi thupa- inheritance
Pirriya [missing] missing
Pitta-Pitta ngalytya inheritance
Rirratjingu ŋa:l inheritance
Ritharrngu dhupthun inheritance
Walmajarri jumpajpu- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru ngalyjana inheritance
Wubuy yuda inheritance?
Yan-nhangu [missing] missing
Yandruwandha ngaltja inheritance
Yarluyandi ngaltja inheritance
Yawarrawarrka ngatja inheritance
Yawuru djibel jibel inheritance
Achagua wíiseri wíiseri inheritance See Language page
Piapoco nùapìsaca nùapìsaka See Language page
Kabiyari iwitá iwitá See Language page
Yavitero kuma; ľ̥uheta. kuma; ľ̥uheta. See Language page
Bare katʃumada katʃumada See Language page
Wapishana supʰitʰa-n supʰitʰa-n unknown See Language page
Wayuu e-he-ta-a Lit. 'prefix-root-stem suffix-infinitive'. See Language page
Yine c̷kaha Verbal form is hic̷kahata; also hapľika, to spit out. See Language page
Ignaciano -'atuture; -'atutu'ika Also -'atutureka; -karapaha. See Language page
Trinitario #NAME? Noun form is -at'turahi. 'Saliva' or foam on mouth of animal is -'huwewo. See Language page
Baure hanek- hanek- unique See Language page
Waurá esĩyũ esĩjũ unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'inbi-'ke-nu See Language page
Bora ɨ́rípɨáco (trans), uni (intrans) ɨ́ripʰɨákʰo (trans), ɯni (intrans) inheritance See Language page
Muinane jɨ́ɨ́rébámáaihi (jɨɨre = saliva) xɨ́ɨ́rébámáaiʔi (xɨɨre = saliva) See Language page
Akawaio eedatöng eda'töŋ inheritance Venezuelan See Language page
Mapoyo sata'ka-ri sata'ka-ri See Language page
Wai Wai kučΦi kasko kučΦi kasko loan Portuguese See Language page
Yukpa etasta, íntaku, tintájere, ótakta, úntatapo, tujentakta, ütata See Language page
Muisca zquyhyzygosqua tʂkuɨhɨtʂɨγoskua See Language page
Barí kurukduu Colombia: kuruk'durə. See Language page
Northern Emberá iddói iddói See Language page
Epena idu- Verbal form. Noun is i'du-ba, 'spit-liquid'. See Language page
Cofán attuiye athɯijɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kaváchimaama kawátʃimaama unique See Language page
Taushiro tuhusne tuhusnɨ See Language page
Páez avi avi See Language page
Tikuna netchakuái (Alv44) netʃakuái unique See Language page
Andoke túse túse doubtful loan, direction unknown Yagua See Language page
Pumé dyá uí pjuyú See Language page
Puinave [-ko-pok-sɨ-tuk] ko-pok-sɨ-tuk unique See Language page
Ashuar usúkmitin usukmitin See Language page
Huambisa usuikmatsa usuikmatsa See Language page
Aguaruna usukit usukit inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ɉo:ʃ, ɉɔʃ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ɉɔ:ʃ See Language page
Matses cuishtuque, pishtuque kuiʃtuke, piʃtuke inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo tušuka-ti [(v.a.)], tušuki-ti [(v.n.)]. See Language page
Katukina kɨmo miṣ̌o- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo mičoti; tošβaati; kɨ-yõ See Language page
Yaminahua mɨčo-kĩ See Language page
Chácobo kɨyono kɨyono unique See Language page
Yagua tochiy totʃij doubtful loan, direction unknown Andoke See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua tyucana tjukana See Language page
Ingá tukai tukai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua tiucana tiukana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano toqay toqaj See Language page
Piaroa ću'uh s'uɁuh unknown See Language page
Sáliva suwajaha suwahaʔa unknown See Language page
Carapana eyoturique ejotuɾike See Language page
Makuna eo bate-re (second constituent seems similar to the Portuguese verb bater 'to beat, hit, pound'; cf. Macuna baje-re) eo bate-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje tutumʉ tutumʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona tutuji tutuhi inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -yɛnɨmũ; -l-ɛnɨ -jɛnɨmũ; -l-ɛnɨ inheritance See Language page
Aché dɨwõ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano (a)ⁿdɨwɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ⁿdivu See Language page
Sirionó ɲinimu; ereni ɲinimu; ereni inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá jewun jewun inheritance See Language page
Ocaina caau; tsaafu kaaɯ; tsaaɸɯ unique See Language page
Murui Witoto tuade tuadɛ (B83) unknown See Language page
Iquito aruuquiini aruukiini inheritance See Language page
Záparo arukunu aɾukunu See Language page
Wari hupaʔ hupaʔ See Language page
Araona kʷedi *Tacn form is *e-kedi. See Language page
Ese Ejja kʷičo-hea- unique See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kwičo-hea-kwe kwičo-hea-kwe See Language page
Tacana e-kedi; kitoa- See Language page
Cavineña e-kʷedi-ra-a-ya ("-kʷedi is "saliva") e-kʷedi-ra-a-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara thusaña tʰusa-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava -βæčɔčɔ ~ βæčɔ- Also recorded: bæčɔči; čuhe(verb). See Language page
Itonama walema; uh-wamis Verbal form is yobisna. See Language page
Kwazá tsewe-, cuheja-, kohonũ tsewe-, cuheja-, kohonũ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané čopi'yi See Language page
Movima ɗoton̉-ɬa ɗoton̉-ɬa See Language page
Trumai (ha) tʔuske (ha) tʔuske unique See Language page
Kaingang sug yãra; suŋ See Language page
Canela ŋɛ̃n See Language page
Karajá rɨ-beši; dɔrɔtɔiǰera Lit. 'mouth-?'. See Language page
Djeoromitxi heitxi heitʃi See Language page
Chipaya tʰuxt-š; lomi; tʰaxr-ki- Respectively: verbal form; noun form; means 'to cause to salivate', perhaps Aymara or Quechua. To spit out something solid is latš. See Language page
Mocoví n-atoḳ See Language page
Pilagá n-atoḳ Lit. '3pa-spit'. See Language page
Toba n-ḳaigoḳ See Language page
Lengua #NAME? Cf. 'dribble' 04.591. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkiɬpaisiyi; ankiɬpaisiyi See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋelpatseeykentaʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hʷac̷enkac̷i Verbal form. Noun form is -ɬa'čˀiɬ. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -fʷac̷uxnen ~ -fʷyec̷uxnen See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -tˀačˀiy spit https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ũ'tira-haʔ See Language page
Mapudungun tofkɨ Ranquel form is tɨvk-. See Language page
Qawasqar fteyes Also yerksa. Bo records flokyar for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam pèotˀè See Language page
Tehuelche 'tēp See Language page
Lokono khoidin kʰoidin spit Pet 1987:372
Kariña etàta etahta spit; spew Courtz 2007:269